Soil

Soil is the uppermost layer of the earth's crust and is comprised of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and organisms. Soil forms the pedosphere which interacts with the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere. [2]

References

[1] Danoff-Burg, James A. "The terrestrial influence: geology and soils". Earth Institute Center for Environmental Sustainability. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[2] Chesworth, Ward (2008). Encyclopedia of soil science (PDF). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-1402039942.