Emiliania huxleyi
Emiliania huxleyi is a species of unicellular, eukaryotic phytoplankton, (also known as a coccolithophore), and is found in nearly all oceanic ecosystems outside of polar regions. [1] Named after Thomas Henry Huxley, Emiliania huxleyi, (also abbreviated Ehux) plays an important role in all ecosystems in which it is found.
Scientific interest in Ehux
Emiliania huxleyi is tremendously successful at converting inorganic carbon into products used in photosynthesis and biomineralization. [2] E. huxleyi, like many other phytoplankton, is very important to the ecosystems it inhabits. Blooms of Ehux can be seen as large turquoise patches in the water through satellite imagery, covering hundreds of thousands of square meters of ocean. [2] A study of E. huxleyi populations in 2014 discovered a poleward migration path by the phytoplankton. [1] This indicates that, over time, conditions near the poles have become more favorable for E. huxleyi survival. This migration will have effects on both the ecosystems they leave behind and the new ecosystems they settle into at the more northern/southern latitude destination.
References
[1] Winter, Amos, et al. “Poleward Expansion of the Coccolithophore Emiliania Huxleyi.” Journal of Plankton Research, vol. 36, no. 2, 2013, pp. 316–325., doi:10.1093/plankt/fbt110.
[2] Read, Betsy A., et al. “Pan Genome of the Phytoplankton Emiliania Underpins Its Global Distribution.” Nature, vol. 499, no. 7457, Dec. 2013, pp. 209–213., doi:10.1038/nature12221.