Zygomycota
Zygomycota is a Phylum of the Kingdom Fungi. This phylum's name is derived from the method of sexual reproduction used by its members, which involve the creation of zygosporangia and zygospores. Asexual reproduction is possible, but more difficult, so the former is the main way to determine the classification of a Zygomycota. [1]
Reproduction
Members of Aygomycota reproduce both sexually and asexually. For the former, gametangial fusion occurs and involves the formation of zygospores. The latter involves sporangia. [2] Besides the pros and cons that natively come with both sexual and asexual reproduction, for members of this phylum, zygospores appear better suited for preserving the fungus during times of hardship, while sporangia seem to be better suited for rapid establishment and colonization. [1]
Zygospores and Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction in Zygomycota is similar to the conjugation process that a microscopic organism such as a protozoan might use. To initiate this form of reproduction, certain hyphae called gametangia form a connection and exchange genetic material in nuclei in the center of the connected area. After it accumulates, septa are created to seal off the cell, meiosis creates chromosomes, and the cell where this has taken place grows thick, resistant walls that eventually disconnects. This site becomes known as a zygosporangium, and when the outer layers wear away (allowing the genetic material to be released if ready), it becomes a zygospore. [3]
References
[1] "Zygomycota". New Brunswick Museum. Accessed 2018-05-05. http://website.nbm-mnb.ca/mycologywebpages/NaturalHistoryOfFungi/Zygomycota.html
[2] http://tolweb.org/Zygomycota
[3] http://website.nbm-mnb.ca/mycologywebpages/NaturalHistoryOfFungi/Sporangia.html#Zygosporangia