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Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a group of substances exuded by microorganisms in order to form biofilms. The major components are extracellular polysacharides (also called EPS), protiens, DNA, enzymes, lipids, and other biopolymers.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/nrmicro2415| issn = 1740-1526, 1740-1534| volume = 8| issue = 9| pages = 623–633| last1 = Flemming| first1 = Hans-Curt| last2 = Wingender| first2 = Jost| title = The biofilm matrix| journal = Nature Reviews Microbiology| date = 2010-09| url = http://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro2415}}</ref> EPS accounts for 90% of biofilm drymass and constitutes the matrix of the biofilm.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/nrmicro2415| issn = 1740-1526, 1740-1534| volume = 8| issue = 9| pages = 623–633| last1 = Flemming| first1 = Hans-Curt| last2 = Wingender| first2 = Jost| title = The biofilm matrix| journal = Nature Reviews Microbiology| date = 2010-09| url = http://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro2415}}</ref> Biofilms are microhabitats that keep microbes attached to a substrate<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1080/08927010009378430| issn = 0892-7014, 1029-2454| volume = 16| issue = 1| pages = 59–67| last1 = Azeredo| first1 = J| last2 = Oliveira| first2 = R| title = The role of exopolymers in the attachment of <i>sphingomonas paucimobilis</i>| journal = Biofouling| date = 2000-10| url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08927010009378430}}</ref>, provide protection from desiccation<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1128/AEM.71.11.7327-7333.2005| issn = 0099-2240, 1098-5336| volume = 71| issue = 11| pages = 7327–7333| last1 = Tamaru| first1 = Yoshiyuki| last2 = Takani| first2 = Yayoi| last3 = Yoshida| first3 = Takayuki| last4 = Sakamoto| first4 = Toshio| title = Crucial Role of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Desiccation and Freezing Tolerance in the Terrestrial Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune| journal = Applied and Environmental Microbiology| accessdate = 2021-03-07| date = 2005-11| url = https://AEM.asm.org/content/71/11/7327}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1128/AEM.58.4.1284-1291.1992| issn = 0099-2240, 1098-5336| volume = 58| issue = 4| pages = 1284–1291| last1 = Roberson| first1 = Emily B.| last2 = Firestone| first2 = Mary K.| title = Relationship between Desiccation and Exopolysaccharide Production in a Soil Pseudomonas sp| journal = Applied and Environmental Microbiology| accessdate = 2021-04-08| date = 1992| url = https://AEM.asm.org/content/58/4/1284}}</ref>
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a group of substances exuded by microorganisms in order to form biofilms. The major components are extracellular polysacharides (also called EPS), protiens, DNA, enzymes, lipids, and other biopolymers.<ref>{{Cite web| doi = 10.1038/nrmicro2415| issn = 1740-1526, 1740-1534| volume = 8| issue = 9| pages = 623–633| last1 = Flemming| first1 = Hans-Curt| last2 = Wingender| first2 = Jost| title = The biofilm matrix| journal = Nature Reviews Microbiology| date = 2010-09| url = http://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro2415}}</ref> EPS accounts for 90% of biofilm drymass and constitutes the matrix of the biofilm.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/nrmicro2415| issn = 1740-1526, 1740-1534| volume = 8| issue = 9| pages = 623–633| last1 = Flemming| first1 = Hans-Curt| last2 = Wingender| first2 = Jost| title = The biofilm matrix| journal = Nature Reviews Microbiology| date = 2010-09| url = http://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro2415}}</ref> Biofilms are microhabitats that keep microbes attached to a substrate<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1080/08927010009378430| issn = 0892-7014, 1029-2454| volume = 16| issue = 1| pages = 59–67| last1 = Azeredo| first1 = J| last2 = Oliveira| first2 = R| title = The role of exopolymers in the attachment of <i>sphingomonas paucimobilis</i>| journal = Biofouling| date = 2000-10| url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08927010009378430}}</ref>, provide protection from desiccation<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1128/AEM.71.11.7327-7333.2005| issn = 0099-2240, 1098-5336| volume = 71| issue = 11| pages = 7327–7333| last1 = Tamaru| first1 = Yoshiyuki| last2 = Takani| first2 = Yayoi| last3 = Yoshida| first3 = Takayuki| last4 = Sakamoto| first4 = Toshio| title = Crucial Role of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Desiccation and Freezing Tolerance in the Terrestrial Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune| journal = Applied and Environmental Microbiology| accessdate = 2021-03-07| date = 2005-11| url = https://AEM.asm.org/content/71/11/7327}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1128/AEM.58.4.1284-1291.1992| issn = 0099-2240, 1098-5336| volume = 58| issue = 4| pages = 1284–1291| last1 = Roberson| first1 = Emily B.| last2 = Firestone| first2 = Mary K.| title = Relationship between Desiccation and Exopolysaccharide Production in a Soil Pseudomonas sp| journal = Applied and Environmental Microbiology| accessdate = 2021-04-08| date = 1992| url = https://AEM.asm.org/content/58/4/1284}}</ref>
, and play a key role in nutrient cycling<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.94| issn = 1740-1526, 1740-1534| volume = 14| issue = 9| pages = 563–575| last1 = Flemming| first1 = Hans-Curt| last2 = Wingender| first2 = Jost| last3 = Szewzyk| first3 = Ulrich| last4 = Steinberg| first4 = Peter| last5 = Rice| first5 = Scott A.| last6 = Kjelleberg| first6 = Staffan| title = Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life| journal = Nature Reviews Microbiology| date = 2016-09| url = http://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2016.94}}</ref>. Biofilms are also known to alter the structure <ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1080/08927010009378430| issn = 0892-7014, 1029-2454| volume = 16| issue = 1| pages = 59–67| last1 = Azeredo| first1 = J| last2 = Oliveira| first2 = R| title = The role of exopolymers in the attachment of <i>sphingomonas paucimobilis</i>| journal = Biofouling| date = 2000-10| url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08927010009378430}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.10.001| issn = 01401963| volume = 75| issue = 2| pages = 91–97| last1 = Mager| first1 = D.M.| last2 = Thomas| first2 = A.D.| title = Extracellular polysaccharides from cyanobacterial soil crusts: A review of their role in dryland soil processes| journal = Journal of Arid Environments| accessdate = 2021-04-08| date = 2011-02| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196310002673}}</ref>, hydrology <ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1128/AEM.58.4.1284-1291.1992| issn = 0099-2240, 1098-5336| volume = 58| issue = 4| pages = 1284–1291| last1 = Roberson| first1 = Emily B.| last2 = Firestone| first2 = Mary K.| title = Relationship between Desiccation and Exopolysaccharide Production in a Soil Pseudomonas sp| journal = Applied and Environmental Microbiology| accessdate = 2021-04-08| date = 1992| url = https://AEM.asm.org/content/58/4/1284}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.048| issn = 00221694| volume = 393| issue = 1-2| pages = 29–36| last1 = Morales| first1 = Verónica L.| last2 = Parlange| first2 = J.-Yves| last3 = Steenhuis| first3 = Tammo S.| title = Are preferential flow paths perpetuated by microbial activity in the soil matrix? A review| journal = Journal of Hydrology| date = 2010-10| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022169409008427}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2136/vzj2006.0080| issn = 1539-1663| volume = 6| issue = 2| pages = 298–305| last1 = Or| first1 = Dani| last2 = Phutane| first2 = Sachin| last3 = Dechesne| first3 = Arnaud| title = Extracellular Polymeric Substances Affecting Pore-Scale Hydrologic Conditions for Bacterial Activity in Unsaturated Soils| journal = Vadose Zone Journal| accessdate = 2020-10-20| date = 2007| url = https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2136/vzj2006.0080}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.006| issn = 0038-0717| volume = 83| pages = 116–124| last1 = Deng| first1 = Jinzi| last2 = Orner| first2 = Erika P.| last3 = Chau| first3 = Jessica Furrer| last4 = Anderson| first4 = Emily M.| last5 = Kadilak| first5 = Andrea L.| last6 = Rubinstein| first6 = Rebecca L.| last7 = Bouchillon| first7 = Grant M.| last8 = Goodwin| first8 = Reed A.| last9 = Gage| first9 = Daniel J.| last10 = Shor| first10 = Leslie M.| title = Synergistic effects of soil microstructure and bacterial EPS on drying rate in emulated soil micromodels| journal = Soil Biology and Biochemistry| accessdate = 2020-10-20| date = 2015-04-01| url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071714004209}}</ref>, and composition <ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.10.001| issn = 01401963| volume = 75| issue = 2| pages = 91–97| last1 = Mager| first1 = D.M.| last2 = Thomas| first2 = A.D.| title = Extracellular polysaccharides from cyanobacterial soil crusts: A review of their role in dryland soil processes| journal = Journal of Arid Environments| accessdate = 2021-04-08| date = 2011-02| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196310002673}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.021| issn = 00380717| volume = 90| pages = 87–100| last1 = Gunina| first1 = Anna| last2 = Kuzyakov| first2 = Yakov| title = Sugars in soil and sweets for microorganisms: Review of origin, content, composition and fate| journal = Soil Biology and Biochemistry| date = 2015-11| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071715002631}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107916| issn = 00380717| volume = 148| pages = 107916| last1 = Costa| first1 = Ohana Y.A.| last2 = Pijl| first2 = Agata| last3 = Kuramae| first3 = Eiko E.| title = Dynamics of active potential bacterial and fungal interactions in the assimilation of acidobacterial EPS in soil| journal = Soil Biology and Biochemistry| date = 2020-09| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071720302133}}</ref>of soils.
, and play a key role in nutrient cycling<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.94| issn = 1740-1526, 1740-1534| volume = 14| issue = 9| pages = 563–575| last1 = Flemming| first1 = Hans-Curt| last2 = Wingender| first2 = Jost| last3 = Szewzyk| first3 = Ulrich| last4 = Steinberg| first4 = Peter| last5 = Rice| first5 = Scott A.| last6 = Kjelleberg| first6 = Staffan| title = Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life| journal = Nature Reviews Microbiology| date = 2016-09| url = http://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2016.94}}</ref>. Biofilms are also known to alter the structure <ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1080/08927010009378430| issn = 0892-7014, 1029-2454| volume = 16| issue = 1| pages = 59–67| last1 = Azeredo| first1 = J| last2 = Oliveira| first2 = R| title = The role of exopolymers in the attachment of <i>sphingomonas paucimobilis</i>| journal = Biofouling| date = 2000-10| url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08927010009378430}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.10.001| issn = 01401963| volume = 75| issue = 2| pages = 91–97| last1 = Mager| first1 = D.M.| last2 = Thomas| first2 = A.D.| title = Extracellular polysaccharides from cyanobacterial soil crusts: A review of their role in dryland soil processes| journal = Journal of Arid Environments| accessdate = 2021-04-08| date = 2011-02| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196310002673}}</ref>, hydrology <ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1128/AEM.58.4.1284-1291.1992| issn = 0099-2240, 1098-5336| volume = 58| issue = 4| pages = 1284–1291| last1 = Roberson| first1 = Emily B.| last2 = Firestone| first2 = Mary K.| title = Relationship between Desiccation and Exopolysaccharide Production in a Soil Pseudomonas sp| journal = Applied and Environmental Microbiology| accessdate = 2021-04-08| date = 1992| url = https://AEM.asm.org/content/58/4/1284}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.048| issn = 00221694| volume = 393| issue = 1-2| pages = 29–36| last1 = Morales| first1 = Verónica L.| last2 = Parlange| first2 = J.-Yves| last3 = Steenhuis| first3 = Tammo S.| title = Are preferential flow paths perpetuated by microbial activity in the soil matrix? A review| journal = Journal of Hydrology| date = 2010-10| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022169409008427}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2136/vzj2006.0080| issn = 1539-1663| volume = 6| issue = 2| pages = 298–305| last1 = Or| first1 = Dani| last2 = Phutane| first2 = Sachin| last3 = Dechesne| first3 = Arnaud| title = Extracellular Polymeric Substances Affecting Pore-Scale Hydrologic Conditions for Bacterial Activity in Unsaturated Soils| journal = Vadose Zone Journal| accessdate = 2020-10-20| date = 2007| url = https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2136/vzj2006.0080}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.006| issn = 0038-0717| volume = 83| pages = 116–124| last1 = Deng| first1 = Jinzi| last2 = Orner| first2 = Erika P.| last3 = Chau| first3 = Jessica Furrer| last4 = Anderson| first4 = Emily M.| last5 = Kadilak| first5 = Andrea L.| last6 = Rubinstein| first6 = Rebecca L.| last7 = Bouchillon| first7 = Grant M.| last8 = Goodwin| first8 = Reed A.| last9 = Gage| first9 = Daniel J.| last10 = Shor| first10 = Leslie M.| title = Synergistic effects of soil microstructure and bacterial EPS on drying rate in emulated soil micromodels| journal = Soil Biology and Biochemistry| accessdate = 2020-10-20| date = 2015-04-01| url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071714004209}}</ref>, and composition <ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.10.001| issn = 01401963| volume = 75| issue = 2| pages = 91–97| last1 = Mager| first1 = D.M.| last2 = Thomas| first2 = A.D.| title = Extracellular polysaccharides from cyanobacterial soil crusts: A review of their role in dryland soil processes| journal = Journal of Arid Environments| accessdate = 2021-04-08| date = 2011-02| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140196310002673}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.021| issn = 00380717| volume = 90| pages = 87–100| last1 = Gunina| first1 = Anna| last2 = Kuzyakov| first2 = Yakov| title = Sugars in soil and sweets for microorganisms: Review of origin, content, composition and fate| journal = Soil Biology and Biochemistry| date = 2015-11| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071715002631}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107916| issn = 00380717| volume = 148| pages = 107916| last1 = Costa| first1 = Ohana Y.A.| last2 = Pijl| first2 = Agata| last3 = Kuramae| first3 = Eiko E.| title = Dynamics of active potential bacterial and fungal interactions in the assimilation of acidobacterial EPS in soil| journal = Soil Biology and Biochemistry| date = 2020-09| url = https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071720302133}}</ref>of soils.


Revision as of 11:10, 10 April 2021

theoretical functions of soil EPS[1]


Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a group of substances exuded by microorganisms in order to form biofilms. The major components are extracellular polysacharides (also called EPS), protiens, DNA, enzymes, lipids, and other biopolymers.[2] EPS accounts for 90% of biofilm drymass and constitutes the matrix of the biofilm.[3] Biofilms are microhabitats that keep microbes attached to a substrate[4], provide protection from desiccation[5][6] , and play a key role in nutrient cycling[7]. Biofilms are also known to alter the structure [8][9], hydrology [10][11][12][13], and composition [14][15][16]of soils.




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References

  1. ↑ <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01636">Costa et al.</a>,<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">CC BY 4.0</a>, via Frontiers in Microbiology
  2. ↑ “Discover How Scientists Have Recreated the Benefits of Insects' Compound Eyes as Compound Lenses.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/video/216533/Artificial-bug-eyes-could-lead-to-new-vision-systems.
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