Template:List of wildflowers at Soldiers Delight Serpentine Barrens: Difference between revisions

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The '''[[Soldiers Delight|Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area]]''', consists of about {{convert|1900|acre|km2}} of land in [[Owings Mills]], [[Maryland]], USA.<ref name="SDNEA">{{cite web
|url        = http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiers.html
|title      = Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area
|accessdate  = 2007-12-23
|author      = Maryland Department of Natural Resources
|authorlink  = Maryland Department of Natural Resources
|date        = August 15, 2007
|publisher  = [[Patapsco Valley State Park]]
|url-status    = dead
|archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20071210134004/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiers.html
|archivedate = December 10, 2007
}}</ref><ref name="SDNEA-guide">
{{cite web
|url        = http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiersguide.html
|title      = Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area
|accessdate  = 2007-12-23
|author      = Maryland Department of Natural Resources
|authorlink  = Maryland Department of Natural Resources
|date        = August 15, 2007
|work        = Trail Guide
|publisher  = [[Patapsco Valley State Park]]
|url-status    = dead
|archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20071210143105/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiersguide.html
|archivedate = December 10, 2007
}}</ref><ref name="MGS">{{cite web
| url = http://www.mgs.md.gov/esic/features/soldiers.html
| title = Soldiers Delight Serpentine Barrens, Baltimore County
| accessdate = 2007-12-23
| author = Bob Conkwright, Division of Coastal and Estuarine Geology
| work = Maryland's Geologic Features
| publisher = [[Maryland Department of Natural Resources]]
}}</ref>
Much of the area of Soldiers Delight contains a [[Serpentine group|serpentine]] barren that contains a number of rare and endangered species of plants.<ref name="GSA">{{cite web
| url = http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_18946.htm
| title = Soldiers delight natural environment area, Maryland, USA: Toward preservation of a rare, serpentinite-based ecosystem
| accessdate = 2007-12-23
| author = Flanagan-Brown, Riley E., Geological Society of America
| authorlink = Geological Society of America
| date = November 6, 2001
| work = GSA Annual Meeting, November 5–8, 2001 
| publisher = Johns Hopkins University
}}</ref>
<ref name="DNR-LMAI">{{cite web
|url          = http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/serpentine.asp
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20041030184247/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/serpentine.asp
|url-status    = dead
|archive-date = October 30, 2004
|title        = Natural Communities - Serpentine Grasslands
|accessdate  = 2007-12-23
|author1      = Ann Prince
|author2      = Josephine Thoms
|author3      = John Prince
|authorlink  = Maryland Department of Natural Resources
|date        = October 22, 2004
|work        = Learn More About It
|publisher    = Wildlife and Heritage Service, National Office of [[The Nature Conservancy]]
}} </ref>


The following list of herbaceous plants is based greatly on the work of Ed Uebel <ref name="Uebel">{{cite web
<nowiki>Division '''[[Magnoliophyta]]''' - Angiosperms
|url        = http://home.comcast.net/~ed_uebel/SD_plants.html
|title      = - - An Ongoing Survey - -
|accessdate = 2007-12-23
|author    = Ed Uebel
|work      = The Botanical Diversity of Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area
}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
and comes from the publications by Fleming et al. 1995,<ref name="F">{{cite book
|author=Fleming, Cristol, Marion B. Lobstein, and Barbara Tufty
| title = Finding Wildflowers in the Washington-Baltimore Area
| year = 1995
| publisher = [[Johns Hopkins University Press|The Johns Hopkins University Press]]
| location = Baltimore and London
| page = 312 pages
}}</ref>
Monteferrante 1973,<ref name="M">{{cite journal
  | first =Frank
  | last = Monteferrante
  | authorlink =Towson University
  | title = Phytosociological Study of Soldiers Delight, Baltimore County, Maryland
  | publisher =Towson State College, Towson, Maryland.
  | year = 1973 }}</ref>
Reed 1984,<ref name="R">{{cite book
| last = Reed
| first = Clyde F.
| title = Floras of the Serpentinite Formations in Eastern North America, with descriptions of geomorphology and mineralogy of the formations
| year = 1984
| publisher = Reed Herbarium
| location = Baltimore Maryland
}}</ref>
Wennerstrom 1995,<ref name="We">{{cite book
  | last =Wennerstrom
  | first =Jack
  | author-link =Pittsburg State University
  | title =Soldiers Delight Journal - Exploring a Globally Rare Ecosystem
| year = 1995
| publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press
| location = Pittsburg and London
| page = 247 pages
}}</ref>
and the unpublished data by Worthley 1955-1985.<ref name="Wo">{{cite book
| last = Worthley
| first = Elmer G.
| title = List of Plants of Soldier's Delight
| date = 1955–1985
| publisher = Unpublished
}}</ref>
 
==List of Wildflowers of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area==
 
Division '''[[Magnoliophyta]]''' - Angiosperms


Class '''[[Magnoliopsida]]''' - Dicotyledons
Class '''[[Magnoliopsida]]''' - Dicotyledons
Line 481: Line 374:


'''[[Smilacaceae]]''' - ([[Smilax|Greenbrier]] Family)
'''[[Smilacaceae]]''' - ([[Smilax|Greenbrier]] Family)
*''[[Smilax herbacea]]'' L. - Carrion Flower<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Smilax herbacea]]'' L. - Carrion Flower<ref name="Wo"/></nowiki>
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
*{{cite book
| last = Uebel
| first = Edward C.
| title = Maryland Bryophytes Collected by Elmer G. Worthley
| url = http://www.mdflora.org/publications/bryophytescoll.html
| year = 2000
| publisher = The Maryland Native Plant Society
| location = P.O. Box 4877, Silver Spring, Maryland 20914
| page = 100 pages
}}
*{{cite book
|author1=Brown, Melvin L.  |author2=Russell G. Brown
  |name-list-style=amp | title = Herbaceous Plants of Maryland
| year = 1984
| publisher = Port City Press
| location = Baltimore, Maryland
| page = 1127 pages
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Davis
| first =  Charles A.
| title = List of Plants of Soldier's Delight
| year = 2004
| publisher = Unpublished
}}
*{{cite book
|author1=Gleason, Henry A. |author2=Arthur Cronquist
  |name-list-style=amp | title = Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada
| edition = Second
| year = 1991
| publisher = The New York Botanical Garden
| location = Bronx, New York
| page = 910 pages
}}
*{{cite web
| url = https://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&t=h&om=0&z=18&ll=39.410062,-76.838945&spn=0.001127,0.002425
| title = Target building, Soldiers Delight Visitor Center
| accessdate = 2007-12-23
| year = 2006
| work = Google Hybrid Map
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Holmgren
| first = Noel H
| title = Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern U. S. and Adjacent Canada
| year = 1998
| publisher = [[The New York Botanical Garden]]
| location = Bronx, New York
| page = 937 pages
}}
*{{cite web
|url          = http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/rte/rank_status.pdf
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20050404115443/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/rte/rank_status.pdf
|url-status    = dead
|archive-date = 2005-04-04
|title        = Explanation of Rank and Status Codes
|accessdate  = 2007-12-23
|author      = Maryland Department of Natural Resources
|authorlink  = Maryland Department of Natural Resources
|date        = 2007-12-13
|format      = PDF
}}
*{{cite web
| url = http://dnrweb.dnr.state.md.us/download/rteplants.pdf
| title = Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Baltimore County, Maryland
| accessdate = 2007-12-23
| author = Maryland Department of Natural Resources
| authorlink = Maryland Department of Natural Resources
| date = 2007-11-13
| format = PDF
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080217045059/http://dnrweb.dnr.state.md.us/download/rteplants.pdf
| archive-date = 2008-02-17
| url-status = dead
}}
 
==Other Lists of Plants from Soldiers Delight (and Maryland).==
 
[[Woody Plants of Soldiers Delight]]
 
[[Graminoids of Soldiers Delight]]
 
[[Ferns of Soldiers Delight]]
 
[[Lichens of Soldiers Delight]]
 
[[Lichens of Maryland]]
 
== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927015224/http://www.bcpl.net/~sdci/ Baltimore County Public Library]
 
{{Maryland parks}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wildflowers Of Soldiers Delight}}
[[Category:Lists of flora of Maryland|Soldiers Delight]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Baltimore County, Maryland]]

Latest revision as of 12:14, 3 May 2021

Division '''[[Magnoliophyta]]''' - Angiosperms Class '''[[Magnoliopsida]]''' - Dicotyledons '''[[Amaranthaceae]]''' - ([[Amaranth]] Family) *''[[Amaranthus retroflexus]]'' L. - Pigweed<ref name="M"/> '''[[Apiaceae]]''' - ([[Carrot]] Family) *''[[Daucus carota]]'' L. - [[Daucus carota|Queen Anne's Lace]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Apocynaceae]]''' - ([[Dogbane]] Family) *'''[[Apocynoideae]]''' - Subfamily **''[[Apocynum androsaemifolium]]'' L. - [[Spreading Dogbane]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> **''[[Apocynum cannabinum]]'' L. - Indian Hemp<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *'''[[Asclepiadoideae]]''' - Subfamily **''[[Asclepias amplexicaulis]]'' Sm. - [[Blunt-leaved Milkweed]]<ref name="Wo"/> **''[[Asclepias incarnata]]'' L. - [[Swamp Milkweed]]<ref name="Wo"/> **''[[Asclepias syriaca]]'' L. - [[Common Milkweed]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/> **''[[Asclepias verticillata]]'' L. - Whorled Milkweed<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> **''[[Asclepias viridiflora]]'' Raf. - Green Milkweed<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> '''[[Asteraceae]]''' - ([[Aster (genus)|Aster]] Family) *''[[Achillea millefolium]]'' L. - [[Yarrow]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Ambrosia artemisiifolia]]'' L. - Common Ragweed<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Ambrosia trifida]]'' L. - Giant Ragweed [M, Wo]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Anaphalis margaritacea]]'' (L.) Benth. & Hook. - Pearly Everlasting<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Antennaria plantaginifolia]]'' (L.) Richardson - Plantain-leaf Pussytoes<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Anthemis arvensis]]'' L. - [[Field Chamomile]]<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Anthemis cotula]]'' L. - Mayweed, Dogfennel<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Aster tataricus]]'' L.f. - Tatarian Aster<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Bidens bipinnata]]'' L. - Spanish Needles<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Bidens frondosa]]'' L. - [[Devil's beggartick]]<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Bidens polylepis]]'' Blake - Tickseed Sunflower<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Carduus nutans]]'' L. - [[Musk thistle]]<ref name="M"/> *''[[Leucanthemum vulgare]]'' L. - Ox-eye Daisy<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Chrysanthemum parthenium]]'' (L.) Bernh. - Feverfew<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Chrysopsis mariana]]'' (L.) Ell. - Maryland Golden Aster<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Cichorium intybus]]'' L. – [[Chicory]]<ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Cirsium arvense]]'' (L.) Scop. - [[Canada Thistle]]<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Cirsium discolor]]'' (Muhl.) Sprengel - Field Thistle [Hand-out] *''[[Cirsium horridulum]]'' Michx. - Yellow Thistle<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Cirsium muticum]]'' Michx. - Swamp Thistle<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/> *''[[Conyza canadensis]]'' (L.) Cronq. - [[Conyza canadensis|Horseweed]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Erechtites hieracifolia]]'' (L.) Raf. - [[Pilewort]], [[Fireweed]]<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Erigeron annuus]]'' (L.) Pers. - Daisy or Annual Fleabane<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Erigeron pulchellus]]'' Michx. - Robin's Plantain<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Erigeron strigosus]]'' Muhl. ''ex'' Wild - Daisy Fleabane<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Eupatorium altissimum]]'' L. - Tall Thoroughwort <ref name="R"/> *''[[Eupatorium aromaticum]]'' L. - Aromatic Thoroughwort <ref name="R"/> *''[[Eupatorium fistulosum]]'' Barratt - [[Joe-Pye Weed]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> *''[[Eupatorium perfoliatum]]'' L. - [[Boneset]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Eupatorium rugosum]]'' Houttuyn. - [[Eupatorium rugosum|White Snakeroot]] <ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Eupatorium sessilifolium]]'' L. - Upland Boneset<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Eurybia divaricata]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster divaricatus'') - White Wood Aster<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Eurybia schreberi]]'' (Nees) Nees (Syn. ''Aster schreberi'') - Schreber's Aster<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Euthamia graminifolia]]'' (L.) Nutt. (Syn. ''[[Solidago]] graminifolia'') - Lance-leaf Goldenrod<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Galinsoga quadriradiata]]'' Ruiz & Pavon - Galinsoga <ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Helenium autumnale]]'' L. - Yellow Sneezeweed <ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Helianthus annuus]]'' L. - [[Sunflower]] <ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Helianthus decapetalus]]'' L. - Thin-leaf Sunflower<ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Heliopsis helianthoides]]'' (L.) Sweet - Ox-eye<ref name="M"/> *''[[Hieracium caespitosum]]'' Dumort - Yellow King Devil<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Hieracium gronovii]]'' L. - Hairy Hawkweed<ref name="R"/> *''[[Hieracium paniculatum]]'' L. - Panicled Hawkweed<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Hieracium scabrum]]'' Michx. - Rough Hawkweed<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Hieracium venosum]]'' L. - Rattlesnake Weed<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Ionactis linariifolia]]'' (L.) Greene (Syn. ''Aster linariifolius'') - Flax-leaf White-top Aster<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Krigia virginica]]'' (L.) Willd. – Dwarf Dandelion<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Lactuca saligna]]'' L. – Willow-leaf Lettuce<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Lactuca serriola]]'' L. – [[Prickly Lettuce]]<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Liatris]] graminifolia'' Willd. – [[Grass-leaf Blazing-star]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Liatris spicata]]'' (L.) Willd. - [[Spiked Blazing-star]]<ref name="F"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> {G5, S1} *''[[Matricaria discoidea]]'' D.C. – Pineapple Weed<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Mikania scandens]]'' (L.) Willd. – Climbing Hempweed<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Oclemena acuminata]]'' (Michx.) Greene (Syn. ''Aster acuminatus'') - Whorled Wood Aster<ref name="M"/> *''[[Packera anonyma]]'' (A. Wood) W.A. Weber & A. Löve (Syn. ''Senecio smallii, Senecio anonymus'') - Southern Ragwort<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Packera paupercula]]'' (Michx.) A. Löve & D. Löve (Syn. ''Senecio balsamitae, Senecio pauperculus'') - Balsam Ragwort, Balsam Groundsel<ref name="F"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium]]'' (L.) Hilliard & Burtt (Syn. ''Gnaphalium obtusifolium'') - Rabbit-tobacco, Sweet Everlasting, Fragrant Cudweed<ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Rudbeckia hirta]]'' L. – Black-eyed Susan<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Rudbeckia laciniata]]'' L. – [[Cutleaf coneflower]], Green-head Coneflower<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Rudbeckia triloba]]'' L. – Three-lobed Coneflower<ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Sericocarpus]] asteroides'' (L.) B.S.P. (Syn. ''Aster paternus'') - Toothed White-top Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago bicolor]]'' L. - Silver-rod<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago caesia]]'' L. - Blue-stemmed Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago canadensis]]'' L. - Canada Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago canadensis]]'' L. var. ''scabra'' T. & G. - Tall Goldenrod<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago gigantea]]'' Ait. - Late Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago hispida]]'' Muhl. - Hispid Goldenrod<ref name="R"/>{G5, SH, X} *''[[Solidago juncea]]'' Aiton - Early Goldenrod<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago nemoralis]]'' Aiton - Gray Goldenrod<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago patula]]'' Muhl. - Rough-leaved Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago rigida]]'' L. - Stiff Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago rugosa]]'' Mill. - Wrinkle-leaf Goldenrod<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago stricta]]'' Ait. - Willow-leaf Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Solidago ulmifolia]]'' Muhl. ''ex'' Willd. - Elm-leaf Goldenrod<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Taraxacum officinale]]'' Weber - [[Dandelion]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Symphyotrichum cordifolium]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster cordifolius'') - Common Blue Wood Aster<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Symphyotrichum depauperatum]]'' (Fern.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster depauperatus'') - Eastern Serpentine Aster<ref name="F"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> {G2, S1, E} *''[[Symphyotrichum dumosum]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster dumosum'') - Rice Button Aster<ref name="M"/> *''[[Symphyotrichum ericoides]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster ericoides'') - White Heath Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Symphyotrichum laeve]]'' (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve (Syn. ''Aster laevis'') - Smooth Blue Aster<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Symphyotrichum lateriflorum]]'' (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve (Syn. ''Aster lateriflorus'') - Calico Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Symphyotrichum novae-angliae]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster novae-angliae'') - New England Aster<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Symphyotrichum novi-belgii]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster novi-belgii'') - New York Aster<ref name="F"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Symphyotrichum]] patens'' (Ait.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster patens'') - Late Purple Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Symphyotrichum pilosum]]'' (Willd.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster pilosus'') - Hairy White Heath Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Symphyotrichum]] racemosum'' (Ell.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster racemosus'') - Smooth White Oldfield Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Symphyotrichum]] undulatum'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster undulatus'') - Wavy-leaf Aster<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Verbesina alternifolia]]'' (L.) Britton - Wingstem<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Vernonia noveboracensis]]'' (L.) Michx. - New York Ironweed<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Balsaminaceae]]''' - (Touch-me-not Family) *''[[Impatiens capensis]]'' Meerb. – Common Jewelweed<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/> '''[[Boraginaceae]]''' - ([[Borage]] Family) *''[[Echium vulgare]]'' L. - [[Viper's Bugloss]]<ref name="M"/> '''[[Brassicaceae]]''' - ([[Mustard plant|Mustard]] Family) *''[[Arabidopsis lyrata]]'' L. - Lyre-leaved Rock Cress<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Arabidopsis thaliana]]'' (L.) Heynh. - Mouse-ear Cress<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Barbarea vulgaris]]'' R. Br. - Winter Cress<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Camelina microcarpa]]'' Andrz. - Small-fruited False-flax<ref name="R"/> *''[[Cardamine angustata]]'' O.E. Schulz (Syn. ''Dentaria heterophylla'') - Slender Toothwort<ref name="We"/> *''[[Cardamine hirsuta]]'' L. - Hairy Bitter-cress *''[[Draba verna]]'' L. - Spring Draba, Whitlow-grass *''[[Lepidium campestre]]'' (L.) R.Br. - Field Peppergrass<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/> *''[[Lepidium virginicum]]'' L. - Wild Peppergrass<ref name="M"/> '''[[Campanulaceae]]''' - (Bellflower family) *''[[Lobelia cardinalis]]'' L. - [[Cardinal flower]]<ref name="We"/> *''[[Lobelia inflata]]'' L. - Indian Tobacco<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/> *''[[Lobelia siphilitica]]'' L. - Great Lobelia [F, M, We] *''[[Lobelia spicata]]'' Lam. - Spiked Lobelia<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Triodanis perfoliata]]'' (L.) Nieuwl. (Syn. ''Specularia perfoliata'') - Clasping Venus' Looking-glass<ref name="M"/> '''[[Caryophyllaceae]]''' - (Pink Family) *''[[Cerastium arvense]]'' L. var. ''villosissimum'' (Muhl. ''ex'' Darl.) Hollick & Britt. (Syn. ''Cerastium arvense'' L. var. ''villosissimum'' Pennell - Serpentine Chickweed<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Cerastium vulgatum]]'' L. - Common Mouse-ear Chickweed<ref name="R"/> *''[[Dianthus armeria]]'' L. - [[Deptford Pink]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Silene antirrhina]]'' L. - Sleepy Catchfly<ref name="R"/> *''[[Silene caroliniana]]'' Walter - Wild Pink<ref name="F"/> *''[[Silene latifolia]]'' Poiret - White Campion<ref name="M"/> *''[[Stellaria media]]'' (L.) Vill. - [[Common Chickweed]] '''[[Chenopodiaceae]]''' - ([[Goosefoot]] Family) *''[[Chenopodium album]]'' L. - Lamb's quarters<ref name="M"/> '''[[Cistaceae]]''' - ([[Rockrose]] Family) *''[[Helianthemum]] bicknellii'' Fern. - Hairy Frostweed<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> {G5, S1, E} *''Lechea minor'' L. - Thyme-leaved Pinweed<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Clusiaceae]]''' - ([[Mangosteen]] Family) *''[[Hypericum canadense]]'' L. - Canadian St. John's Wort<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Hypericum denticulatum]]'' Walt. - Coppery St. John's Wort<ref name="M"/> {G5, S2, T} *''[[Hypericum gentianoides]]'' (L.) BSP. - Pinweed [F, M] *''[[Hypericum mutilum]]'' L. - Dwarf St. John's Wort<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Hypericum perforatum]]'' L. - [[St. John's Wort]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Hypericum punctatum]]'' Lam. - Spotted St. John's Wort<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Hypericum virginicum]]'' L. - Marsh St. John's Wort<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Convolvulaceae]]''' - ([[Morning glory]] Family) *''[[Calystegia]] spithamea'' (L.) Pursh. - Low Bindweed<ref name="M"/> {G4, S2} *''[[Convolvulus arvensis]]'' L. - Field Bindweed<ref name="We"/> *''[[Cuscuta gronovii]]'' Willd. - Common Dodder<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Ericaceae]]''' - (Heath Family) *''[[Chimaphila maculata]]'' (L.) Pursh. - [[Spotted Wintergreen]]<ref name="We"/> *''[[Chimaphila umbellata]]'' (L.) Barton - [[Chimaphila umbellata|Pipsissewa]]<ref name="We"/> *''[[Epigaea repens]]'' L. - Trailing Arbutus<ref name="We"/> *''[[Monotropa uniflora]]'' L. - [[Indian Pipe]]<ref name="M"/> '''[[Fabaceae]]''' - ([[Bean]] Family) *''[[Baptisia tinctoria]]'' (L.) R. Brown - Wild Indigo<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Chamaecrista fasciculata]]'' (Michx.) Greene (Syn. ''[[Cassia (legume)|Cassia]] fasciculata'') - Large-flowered Partridge Pea<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Chamaecrista nictitans]]'' (L.) Moench. (Syn. ''[[Cassia (legume)|Cassia]] nictitans'') - Wild Sensitive Plant<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Crotalaria]] sagittalis'' L. - Rattlebox<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Desmodium]] canadense'' (L.) DC. - Showy Tick-trefoil<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Desmodium]] ciliare'' (Muhl.) DC. - Hairy Small-leaf Tick-trefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> *''[[Desmodium]] cuspidatum'' (Muhl.) Loudon - Large-bracted Tick-trefoil<ref name="We"/> *''[[Desmodium]] lineatum'' (Michx.) DC. - Linear-leaved Tick-trefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/> {G5, S1, E} *''[[Desmodium]] marilandicum'' (L.) DC. - Smooth Small-leaved Tick-trefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Desmodium]] nudiflorum'' (L.) DC. - Naked-flowered Tick-trefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Desmodium]] paniculatum'' (L.) DC. - Panicled Tick-trefoil<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Desmodium]] rigidum'' (Ell.) DC. - Rigid Tick-trefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> {G?, S1, E} *''[[Lathyrus latifolius]]'' L. - Everlasting pea<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/> *''[[Lespedeza]] cuneata'' (Dumont) G. Don - Chinese Lespedeza<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/> *''[[Lespedeza]] stipulacea'' Maxim. - Korean Bushclover<ref name="M"/> *''[[Lespedeza]] virginica'' L. - Slender Bushclover<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Medicago]] lupulina'' L. - Black Medic<ref name="M"/> *''[[Melilotus albus]]'' Desr. - [[White Sweet Clover]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Melilotus officinalis]]'' Desr. - [[Yellow Sweet Clover]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''Strophostyles umbellata'' (Muhl.) Britton - Pink Wild Bean<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Trifolium aureum]]'' Pollich - [[Large Hop Trefoil]]<ref name="M"/> *''[[Trifolium]] dubium'' Sibth. - Little Hop Clover<ref name="M"/> *''[[Trifolium pratense]]'' L. - [[Red Clover]]<ref name="M"/> *''[[Vicia]] angustifolia'' Reichard - Narrow-leaved Vetch<ref name="M"/> '''[[Gentianaceae]]''' - ([[Gentian]] Family) *''Gentianopsis crinita'' (Froelich) Ma (Syn. ''[[Gentiana crinita]]'') - [[Gentianopsis crinita|Fringed gentian]]<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> {G5, S1, E} *''Sabatia angularis'' (L.) Pursh. - Rose Pink<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> *''Sabatia calycina'' (Lam.) A.A. Heller -<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Lamiaceae]]''' - (Mint Family) *''[[Cunila origanoides]]'' (L.) Britton - Common Dittany<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Glechoma hederacea]]'' L. - Ground-ivy<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/> *''[[Lamium amplexicaule]]'' L.- [[Lamium amplexicaule|Henbit]] *''[[Lamium purpureum]]'' L. - [[Red Deadnettle]] *''[[Prunella vulgaris]]'' L. - Heal-all, Self-heal<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Pycnanthemum]] flexuosum'' (Walter) BSP - Mountain-mint<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Pycnanthemum tenuifolium]]'' Schrader - Narrow-leaved Mountain-mint<ref name="M"/> *''[[Scutellaria]] integrifolia'' L. - Hyssop Skullcap<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Trichostema]] brachiatum'' L. (Syn. ''Isanthus brachiatus'') - False Pennyroyal, Fluxweed <ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Linaceae]]''' - ([[Flax]] Family) *''[[Linum]] medium'' (Planch.) Britton - Common Yellow Flax<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Linum]] sulcatum'' Riddel - Grooved Yellow Flax<ref name="We"/> {G5, S1, E} *''[[Linum]] virginianum'' L. - Virginia Yellow Flax<ref name="F"/> '''[[Lythraceae]]''' - ([[Lythrum|Loosestrife]] Family) *''[[Cuphea viscosissima]]'' Jacq. - Clammy Cuphea<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Melastomataceae]]''' - (Meadow-beauty Family) *''[[Rhexia]] mariana'' L. - Maryland Meadow Beauty<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Onagraceae]]''' - ([[Evening Primrose]] Family) *''[[Epilobium]] coloratum'' Biehler - Purple-leaved Willow-herb<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Oenothera biennis]]'' L. - Common Evening Primrose<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/> *''[[Oenothera]] fruticosa'' L. - Sundrops<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Oenothera]] perennis'' L. - Small Sundrops<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Oenothera]] tetragona'' Roth - Northern Sundrops<ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Orobanchaceae]]''' - ([[Broomrape]] Family) *''[[Agalinis acuta]]'' Pennell - Sandplain [[Agalinis|Gerardia]]<ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> {G1, S1, E, LE} *''[[Agalinis]] fasciculata'' (Ell.) Raf. - Fascicled Agalinis<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/> {G5, S1, E} *''[[Agalinis]] obtusifolia'' Raf. - Blunt-leaf Agalinis<ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> {G4, S1, E} *''[[Agalinis purpurea]]'' (L.) Pinnell - Purple [[Agalinis|Gerardia]]<ref name="F"/><ref name="We"/> *''[[Agalinis tenuifolia]]'' (M. Vahl) Raf. - Slender [[Agalinis|Gerardia]]<ref name="F"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> *''[[Aureolaria pedicularia]]'' (L.) Raf. - Fern-leaved False-foxglove<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Oxalidaceae]]''' - (Wood-sorrel Family) *''[[Oxalis]] dillenii'' Jacquin - Southern Yellow Wood-sorrel<ref name="M"/> *''[[Oxalis stricta]]'' L. - Common Yellow Wood-sorrel<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Oxalis]] violacea'' L. - Violet Wood-sorrel [EU] '''[[Papaveraceae]]''' - ([[Poppy (flower)|Poppy]] Family) *''[[Sanguinaria canadensis]]'' L. - [[Bloodroot]]<ref name="We"/> '''[[Phrymaceae]]''' - ([[Lopseed]] Family) *''[[Mimulus ringens]]'' L. - Square-stemmed Monkey Flower<ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> '''[[Phytolaccaceae]]''' - ([[Pokeweed]] Family) *''[[Phytolacca americana]]'' L. - [[Pokeweed]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> '''[[Plantaginaceae]]''' - ([[Plantago|Plantain]] Family) *''[[Chelone glabra]]'' L. - White Turtlehead<ref name="F"/> *''[[Linaria vulgaris]]'' Hill. - Butter and eggs<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Penstemon digitalis]]'' Nutt. - Foxglove, Tall White Beard-tongue<ref name="M"/> *''[[Plantago aristata]]'' Michx. - Bracted Plantain<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/> *''[[Plantago lanceolata]]'' L. - [[Ribwort Plantain]]<ref name="M"/> *''[[Plantago rugelii]]'' Dcne. - Broad-leaved Plantain<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/> *''[[Veronica arvensis]]'' L. - Corn Speedwell<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Veronica hederifolia]]'' L. - Ivy-leaf Speedwell *''[[Veronica officinalis]]'' L. - [[Heath Speedwell]]<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Veronica peregrina]]'' L. - Purslane Speedwell<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Veronica persica]]'' Poiret - Persian Speedwell, Bird's-eye Speedwell *''[[Veronica serpyllifolia]]'' L. - Thyme-leaf Speedwell<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Polemoniaceae]]''' - ([[Phlox]] Family) *''[[Phlox]] subulata'' L. - Moss Phlox, Moss Pink<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Polygalaceae]]''' - ([[Milkwort]] Family) *''[[Polygala]] verticillata'' L. - Whorled Milkwort<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Polygonaceae]]''' - ([[Buckwheat]] Family) *''[[Polygonum pensylvanicum]]'' L. - Pennsylvania Smartweed<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Polygonum]] tenue'' Michx. - Slender Knotweed<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Rumex crispus]]'' L. - [[Curley Dock]]<ref name="M"/> '''[[Portulacaceae]]''' - ([[Portulacaceae|Purslane]] Family) *''[[Claytonia virginica]]'' L. - [[Eastern spring beauty]]<ref name="We"/> *''[[Talinum]] teretifolium'' Pursh - Flameflower<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> {G4, S1} '''[[Primulaceae]]''' - ([[Primulaceae|Primrose]] Family) *''[[Anagallis arvensis]]'' L. - [[Scarlet Pimpernel]]<ref name="M"/> '''[[Ranunculaceae]]''' - ([[Buttercup]] Family) *''[[Anemone quinquefolia]]'' L. - Wood Anemone<ref name="We"/> *''[[Cimicifuga racemosa]]'' (L.) Nutt. - [[Black cohosh]]<ref name="R"/> *''[[Clematis virginiana]]'' L. - Virgin's Bower [Hand-out] *''[[Hepatica]] americana'' (DC.) KerGawler - Round-lobed Hepatica<ref name="We"/> *''[[Thalictrum thalictroides]]'' (L.) Eames & Boivin - [[Rue anemone]]<ref name="We"/> '''[[Rosaceae]]''' - ([[Rose]] Family) *''[[Potentilla]] canadensis'' L. - Dwarf Cinquefoil<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Potentilla]] norvegica'' L. - Rough Cinquefoil<ref name="M"/> *''[[Potentilla]] recta'' L. - Rough-fruited Cinquefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/> *''[[Potentilla]] simplex'' Michx. - Common Cinquefoil<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Sanguisorba]] canadensis'' L. - Canadian Burnet<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> {G5, S2, T} '''[[Rubiaceae]]''' - ([[Rubia|Madder]] Family) *''[[Houstonia caerulea]]'' L. (Syn. ''Hedyotis caerulea'') - Bluets, Quaker Ladies<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Houstonia purpurea]]'' L. (Syn. ''Hedyotis purpurea'') - Large Houstonia [Hand-out] '''[[Santalaceae]]''' - ([[Sandalwood]] Family) *''Comandra umbellata'' (L.) Nutt. - Bastard Toadflax<ref name="R"/> '''[[Saxifragaceae]]''' - ([[Saxifrage]] Family) *''[[Saxifraga virginiensis]]'' Michx. - Early Saxifrage<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Scrophulariaceae]]''' - ([[Figwort]] Family) *''[[Verbascum blattaria]]'' L. - Moth Mullein<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Verbascum thapsus]]'' L. - [[Common Mullein]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Solanaceae]]''' - ([[Nightshade]] Family) *''[[Solanum carolinense]]'' L. - [[Carolina horsenettle]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/> *''[[Solanum dulcamara]]'' L. - Bittersweet<ref name="M"/> '''[[Urticaceae]]''' - ([[Urtica|Nettle]] Family) *''[[Laportea canadensis]]'' (L.) Gray - Wood-nettle<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Violaceae]]''' - ([[Violet (plant)|Violet]] Family) *''[[Violet (plant)|Viola]] palmata'' L. - Palmate-leaved Violet<ref name="R"/> *''[[Viola pedata]]'' L. - Bird's-foot Violet (lilac & bicolor)<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Viola rotundifolia]]'' Michx. - Yellow Violet<ref name="We"/> *''[[Viola sagittata]]'' Aiton (Syn. ''V. fimbriatula'') - Arrow-leaf Violet<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Viola sororia]]'' Willd. (Syn. ''V. papilionacea'') - Common Blue Violet<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> Class '''[[Liliopsida]]''' - Monocotyledons '''[[Amaryllidaceae]]''' - ([[Amaryllis]] Family) *''[[Hypoxis hirsuta]]'' (L.) Coville - Yellow Stargrass<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Araceae]]''' - ([[Arum]] Family) *''[[Acorus calamus]]'' L. - [[Sweet Flag]], Calamus<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Arisaema triphyllum]]'' (L.) Schott - [[Arisaema triphyllum|Jack-in-the-Pulpit]]<ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Orontium aquaticum]]'' L. - Golden Club<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Symplocarpus foetidus]]'' (L.) Nutt.- [[Eastern Skunk Cabbage]]<ref name="We"/> '''[[Commelinaceae]]''' - ([[Spiderwort]] Family) *''[[Commelina communis]]'' L.- Asiatic Dayflower<ref name="We"/> *''[[Tradescantia virginiana]]'' L. - Spiderwort<ref name="We"/> '''[[Dioscoreaceae]]''' - ([[Yam (vegetable)|Yam]] Family) *''[[Dioscorea villosa]]'' L. - [[Wild yam]]<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Iridaceae]]''' - ([[Iris (plant)|Iris]] Family) *''[[Sisyrinchium angustifolium]]'' Mill.- Stout Blue-eyed Grass<ref name="R"/> *''[[Sisyrinchium]] atlanticum'' Bick. -<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Sisyrinchium]] mucronatum'' Michx. - Slender Blue-eyed Grass<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Lemnaceae]]''' - ([[Duckweed]] Family) *''[[Lemna]] minor'' L. - Smaller Duckweed<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Spirodela]] polyrhiza'' (L.) Schleid. - Greater Duckweed<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Liliaceae]]''' - ([[Lily]] Family) *''[[Allium canadense]]'' L. - [[Meadow Garlic]]<ref name="M"/> *''[[Allium vineale]]'' L. - [[Crow Garlic]]<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Asparagus officinalis]]'' L. - Garden [[Asparagus]]<ref name="M"/> *''[[Hemerocallis fulva]]'' L. - Orange Daylily<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Lilium superbum]]'' L. - Turk's-cap Lily<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Ornithogalum umbellatum]]'' L. - Star-of-Bethlehem<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Polygonatum biflorum]]'' (Walt.) Ell. - Smooth Solomon's-seal<ref name="R"/> *''[[Maianthemum racemosum]]'' (L.) Link   Syn. ''Smilicina racemosa'' - False Solomon's Seal<ref name="We"/> *''[[Veratrum viride]]'' Ait. - [[Green false hellebore]]<ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Orchidaceae]]''' - ([[Orchid]] Family) *''[[Cypripedium acaule]]'' Aiton - Pink Lady's Slipper<ref name="We"/> *''[[Galearis spectabilis]]'' L. - Showy Orchis<ref name="We"/> *''[[Goodyera pubescens]]'' (Willd.) R. Br. - Downy Rattlesnake Plantain<ref name="We"/> *''[[Liparis loeselii]]'' (L.) Richard - Loesel's Twayblade<ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Spiranthes cernua]]'' (L.) Richard - Nodding Ladies'-tresses<ref name="Wo"/> *''[[Spiranthes lacera]]'' (Raf.) Raf. (Syn. ''S. gracilis'') - Slender Ladies'-tresses<ref name="F"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> '''[[Smilacaceae]]''' - ([[Smilax|Greenbrier]] Family) *''[[Smilax herbacea]]'' L. - Carrion Flower<ref name="Wo"/>