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'''Naked mole-rats''' are fossorial [[insects]] belonging to the order Orthoptera and family Gryllotalpidae, spending most of their life underground. <ref name="underground">Endo, Chihiro. “The Underground Life of the Oriental Mole Cricket: An Analysis of Burrow Morphology.” Journal of Zoology 273, no. 4 (2007): 414–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00345.x.</ref> Mole crickets encompass seven genera and contain about 100 species worldwide. <ref> Ingrisch, Sigfrid, and D.C.F. Rentz. “Orthoptera: Grasshoppers, Locusts, Katydids, Crickets.” Essay. In Encyclopedia of Insects, Seconded., 732–43. Academic Press, 2009. </ref> Their specialized forelegs allow them to dig and construct burrows in the [[soil]]. Their burrows are carefully constructed and serve a variety of purposes. <ref name="underground" />
'''Naked mole-rats''' are small, fossorial rodents found mainly in Kenya and the Horn of Africa. They live in long, complex burrows and rarely venture aboveground. Their ability to thrive in the harsh conditions of subterranean Africa classifies them as [[extremophiles]], and they have developed a number of unique traits seldom seen elsewhere in the animal kingdom. These include reduced pain sensitivity, cancer immunity, and eusociality.  
<ref name="microbio">Holtze, Susanne, Stanton Braude, Alemayehu Lemma, Rosie Koch, Michaela Morhart, Karol Szafranski, Matthias Platzer, Fitsum Alemayehu, Frank Goeritz, and Thomas Bernd Hildebrandt. “The Microenvironment of Naked Mole‐rat Burrows in East Africa.” African journal of [[ecology]] 56, no. 2 (2018): 279–289.</ref>




{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; margin-left: 10px;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; margin-left: 10px;
|+ !colspan="2" style="min-width:12em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(153,205,254)|'''Mole Cricket''' <ref>“Mole Cricket Control in Lawns and Turf.” ngturf.com, April 2022. https://ngturf.com/mole-cricket-control-in-lawns-and-turf/.</ref>
|+ !colspan="2" style="min-width:12em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(0,204,102)|'''Naked mole-rat'''  
|+ !colspan="2" style="min-width:12em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(153,205,254)|'''Taxonomy <ref>“Gryllotalpidae.” itis.gov, n.d. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=102369#null. </ref>'''
<ref> Mehgan, Murphy. ''The disease-resistant naked mole-rat''. Smithsonian Institution. https://critter.science/the-disease-resistant-naked-mole-rat/</ref>
|+ !colspan="2" style="min-width:12em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(0,204,102)|'''Taxonomy <ref>“Heterocephalus glaber.” itis.gov, n.d. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=584677#null. </ref>'''
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |[[File:molecricket.jpg|300px|Mole Cricket]]
| colspan="2" |[[File:molerat2.jpg|300px|Naked mole-rat]]
|-
|-
! Kingdom
! Kingdom
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|-
|-
! Phylum
! Phylum
| Arthropoda
| Chordata
|-
|-
! Class
! Class
| Insecta
| Mammalia
|-
|-
! Order
! Order
| Orthoptera
| Rodentia
|-
|-
! Family
! Family
| Gryllotalpidae
| Bathyergidae
|-
! Genus
| Heterocephalus
|-
! Species
| Heterocephalus glaber
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Anatomy==
==Anatomy==
Different species have slight variations in anatomy. The [[mole cricket]] possesses two pairs of legs that resemble a cricket as well as a pair of forelegs that closely resemble those of [[moles]] and are specialized for digging burrows. Their skin is able to prevent adhesion by moist soil during the digging process because of a thin layer of down on the mole cricket's body. <ref name="john cricket"/> Antennae serve as the mole cricket's main olfactory organ and also serve as gustatory and mechanoreceptors. <ref name="antenna">Kostromytska, Olga, Michael E. Scharf, and Eileen A. Buss. “Types and Functions of Mole Cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) Antennal and Palpal Sensilla.” Florida Entomologist 98, no. 2 (2015): 593–605. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0232.</ref> Further, these antennae aid in warning mole crickets of approaching danger. The mole cricket's safety is further assured by its brown hue which allows it to blend into the soil. Most mole cricket species possess two pairs of wings that allow adults to fly short distances.<ref name="john cricket"/> However, some species of mole cricket, like the shortwinged mole cricket, do not grow wings large enough to support flight. <ref name= florida"> “Basic Biology of Mole Crickets.” entnemdept.ufl.edu, n.d. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/molecrickets/MCRI0201.HTM.</ref> The body of the mole cricket can be broken down into three main parts which are the head, thorax, and abdomen. <ref name="john cricket"/>
Naked mole rats have very poor eyesight and hearing. Instead, these creatures rely mostly on their sense of touch to navigate their burrows and are especially sensitive to vibrations. True to their name, they lack fur on their bodies, which exposes their cylindrical bodies and loose, pale, wrinkled skin. Their body shape and loose skin facilitate squeezing through the tight corridors of their burrows. However, they do have around 40 thin, whisker-like hairs on each side of their bodies that are sensitive to physical stimulation. The skin itself has also been shown to be immune to certain sources of pain. Their burrows usually have a very high carbon dioxide concentration, which in most creatures would cause pain due to tissue acidosis. The mole rat, however, is immune to this. <ref name = "blind"/>
 
<br/>
Besides their "naked" bodies, the other most striking part of the creature's anatomy is its large incisors. The jaw makes up about 25% of the creature's musculature, and it uses this muscle for a variety of tasks. The incisors are the primary tool used for digging their complex subterranean network of burrows. Additionally, they use their teeth as a transportation mechanism for food, debris, and their young.
<ref name = "blind">Browe, Brigitte M., Emily N. Vice, and Thomas  J. Park. “Naked Mole‐Rats: Blind, Naked, and Feeling No Pain.” Anatomical Record 303 (2020): 77–88. </ref>


==Habitat and Distribution==  
==Habitat and Distribution==  
[[File:mole-cricket-location-map.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Mole Cricket Locations <ref name="az">“Mole Cricket.” azanimals.com, 2021. https://a-z-animals.com/animals/mole-cricket/.  </ref>]]
[[File:molerathabitat.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Mole Rat Habitat <ref name="habitat">“Naked Mole Rat Range Map (Africa)” theanimalfiles.com, 2006. https://www.theanimalfiles.com/mammals/rodents/mole_rat_naked.html.  </ref>]]
Mole crickets live most of their life in the soil in burrows that average about 1/2 inch in diameter. <ref name="texas">“Mole Cricket.” texasinsects.tamu.edu, n.d. http://texasinsects.tamu.edu/mole-cricket/. </ref> Various species of mole crickets can be found on every continent except Antarctica. They can be found in any location with moist, loose soil. <ref name="az"/> However, they show a preference for sandy soil. They can often be found within the vicinity of meadows and fields, specifically of corn and barley. <ref name="john cricket">Kidd, John. “On the Anatomy of the Mole-Cricket.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 115 (1825): 203–46. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1825.0012.</ref> Mole crickets are rarely seen by people because of their underground habitat and nocturnal tendencies. <ref name="texas"/>
 
Naked mole rats spend almost their entire lives within complex networks of burrows underneath the grasslands of Eastern Africa. Specifically, they can be found around Kenya, Somalia, and Ethiopia. Aboveground, it is hot and arid, and there is very little rainfall. Despite this, their [[soil]] burrows have a relatively constant ambient temperature throughout the year. This is beneficial, as the mole rat is one of the few mammals that are poikilothermic and have considerably varying internal temperatures. If some outside condition alters the temperature within the burrow, the mole rats are able to sense this and reorganize and/or expand their burrows to compensate. These burrows exist in varying degrees of complexity, but often contain multiple nests, waste chambers, food storage chambers, and escape routes.  
<ref name = "blind"/>
The largest of these burrows can even reach over 3,000 meters in length.
<ref name="truth">Buffenstein, Rochelle, Vincent Amoroso, Blazej Andziak, Stanislav Avdieiev, Jorge Azpurua, Alison J. Barker, Nigel C. Bennett, et al. “The Naked Truth: a Comprehensive Clarification and Classification of Current ‘myths’ in Naked Mole‐rat Biology.” Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 97, no. 1 (2022): 115–140</ref>
These sprawling tunnels help with [[soil]] aeration where air from surface-level tunnels (with a higher oxygen concentration) is able to mix with the air in deeper parts of the soil, thus creating a "plunger effect". <ref name= "microbio"/>


==Diet==
<br/>
The diet of different species of mole crickets can vary, but many will feed on both plant and animal matter. Mole crickets will build their burrows in order to suit their diets. Herbivorous species will construct shallow burrows to feed on roots and grasses, while primarily carnivorous species dig deeper burrows to search for prey. <ref name="small"> Li, Tongchuan, Ming’an Shao, Yuhua Jia, Xiaoxu Jia, and Laiming Huang. “Small-Scale Observation on the Effects of the Burrowing Activities of Mole Crickets on [[Soil erosion|Soil Erosion]] and Hydrologic Processes.” [[Agriculture]], Ecosystems. and Environment 261 (2018): 136–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.04.010. </ref> The Tawny mole cricket and African mole cricket are examples of herbivorous species, while the Southern mole cricket is predominantly carnivorous. <ref name="underground"/> Vegetable crops, worms, larvae, and insects are also food options for most species of mole cricket.<ref name="creature">Capinera, John L, and Norman C Leppla. “Featured Creatures.” entnemdept.ufl.edu, 2001. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/turf/pest_mole_crickets.htm. </ref> It is not uncommon for some species to attack others and engage in cannibalistic behaviors. <ref name="john cricket"/>
Each burrow develops a distinct [[microclimate]] based on a host of conditions. The depth, slope, and soil compaction all contribute to this. The behavior of the colony itself also plays a role, as the population size and metabolic rate of the mole rats also affect the microclimate. The soil color determines how much heat from the sun is absorbed, and this is the main driver of temperature within a burrow. While mole rats are protected from the worst of the desert threats (climate extremes, predators, UV radiation), there are different problems that come with living perpetually underground. Food can be scarce, digging and maintaining these tunnels has a high energy cost, and gas exchange is impaired. Managing to survive despite these drawbacks classifies these creatures as [[extremophiles.]]<ref name = "microbio"/>  


==Life Cycle==
[[File:moleratburrow.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Mole Rat Burrow<ref name="burrow">Digging the Underground Life. Photograph. The-Scientist.com. Accessed April 21, 2023. https://www.the-scientist.com/infographics/digging-the-underground-life-40923. </ref>]]
[[File:Lifecycle.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Mole Cricket Life Cycle <ref name="Id">“Mole Cricket ID.” syngenturf.ae, n.d. https://www.syngentaturf.ae/mole-cricket-id. </ref>]]
The life cycle of the mole cricket follows incomplete metamorphosis. Individuals grow from egg to nymph to adult. The life cycle of a mole cricket lasts from 1-3 years with about 1 generation of mole crickets being produced per year. <ref name="Id"/> Mole crickets reach maturity in spring and early summer in the months of April and May. It is at this time that eggs are produced. Females deposit eggs into underground burrows between 5 and 30 centimeters deep. Females produce a mean of 4.8 egg clutches in their lifetime. Each egg cluster consists of 25 to 60 eggs and individuals spend 10 to 40 days in this stage. Nymphs resemble adult mole crickets but are smaller and lack developed wings. During the summer months, nymphs progress through approximately 8 to 10 stages of development. <ref name="creature"/> Adult mole crickets have fully developed wings and specialized forelegs that allow them to dig extensive burrows and fly, typically at night.<ref name= florida"/>


==Mating & Reproduction==
==Behavior and Reproduction==
Male mole crickets attract females through stridulation from their underground burrows. Males produce their mating song for about 30 minutes to an hour an evening during their spring mating period. <ref name="peggy">Hill, Peggy S.M. “Lekking in Gryllotalpa Major, the Prairie Mole Cricket (Insecta: Gryllotalpidae): Lek Mating in the Prairie Mole Cricket.” Ethology 105 (1995): 531–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.1999.00417.x. </ref>  Females selectively choose their mates based on factors like the intensity of the male mole cricket's song and the distance away the male mole cricket is. Larger males are often able to produce louder songs. Female mole crickets show a preference for nearby males because it requires less flying to reach them. While flying, female mole crickets are exposed to predators. The intensity of a male mole cricket's song may also reflect the soil conditions of their burrow. Greater soil moisture allows for better transmission of the male's song, which signals to females that their burrow would be a suitable location to lay eggs.<ref name="mate">Forrest, Timothy G. “Calling Songs and Mate Choice in Mole Crickets,” 1983, 185–204. https://doi.org/https://orthsoc.org/sina/g341lf83.pdf. </ref> After the successful attraction of a female, male mole crickets seal off and abandon their burrow.<ref name="peggy"/>
The naked mole rat is one of the few mammals that can be defined as "eusocial". To be considered eusocial, an organism must display a reproductive division of labor, generational overlap, and cooperative raising of the young.  
<ref name = "truth"/>
Age and size are the main traits that determine an individual's position in the social hierarchy, with the oldest and largest occupying the topmost positions. There are multiple distinct roles that individuals perform in the colony, and the same individuals tend to keep the same role for long periods of time. Particularly, younger members tend to raise young, and older members tend to defend the colony. There is also a specialized role for [[foraging]], which involves tunneling until an individual finds an underground tuber. Food is then taken from inside the tuber, leaving the skin intact to facilitate the plant's regrowth. <ref name="microbio"/>
<ref name = "blind"/>


==Pest Control==
<br/>
Similarly to certain [[insects]], the largest female is designated the "queen" and is the sole breeder. She uses pheromones and intimidation to suppress other reproductive activity in the colony except for a handful of chosen partners. These pheromones are released mainly through urination.
<ref name = "reprod">Zhou, Shuzhi, Melissa M. Holmes, Nancy G. Forger, Bruce D. Goldman, Matthew B. Lovern, Alain Caraty, Imre Kalló, Christopher G. Faulkes, and Clive W. Coen. “Socially Regulated Reproductive Development: Analysis of GnRH-1 and Kisspeptin Neuronal Systems in Cooperatively Breeding Naked Mole-Rats (Heterocephalus Glaber).” Journal of comparative neurology (1911) 521, no. 13 (2013): 3003–3029.</ref>
Dual-queen colonies can sometimes form, but this is exceptionally rare due to the reproductive suppression instituted by the original queen.  <ref name="blind"/>


[[File:damage.gif|200px|thumb|left|Mole Cricket Damage <ref name= florida"> </ref>]]
==Longevity and Cancer Resistance==
Mole crickets have the ability to cause severe damage to soil and aboveground plant matter. They can sever [[plant roots]], disrupt soil ecosystems, and consume crops. Their damage leads to aboveground patches of dead grass. Mole crickets are considered a pest and their spread through the world has resulted in many mole cricket species becoming invasive. They can be found in many locations including farms, pastures, golf courses, and backyards. The main method to eliminate mole crickets from an area has been pesticides. However, these pesticides have proven harmful to other [[organisms]] in the soil environment. Utilizing biocontrol organisms has been a more recent development in combatting mole crickets. One biological control organism used to target mole crickets is the Larra wasp which is a host-specific organism proven effective in reducing mole cricket numbers. <ref name="pest">“Mole Crickets.” sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu, 2021. https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/lawn-and-garden/mole-crickets/. </ref>
The naked mole rat is the longest-living rodent, often living to over 30 years old. It is also extremely resistant to abnormal tumor growth. Sequencing of the mole rat's genome suggests that these traits are due to this species' unique makeup of protein p53, which is a regulatory protein that often gets mutated in the presence of cancer.
<ref name="genome">Keane, Michael, Thomas Craig, Jessica Alfoeldi, Aaron M. Berlin, Jeremy Johnson, Andrei Seluanov, Vera Gorbunova, et al. “The Naked Mole Rat Genome Resource: Facilitating Analyses of Cancer and Longevity-Related Adaptations.” BIOINFORMATICS 30, no. 24 (2014): 3558–3560.</ref>
Additionally, many negative age-related effects rarely manifest in these creatures, such as neurodegeneration, loss of thermoregulatory capability, and loss of reproductive capability. A prevailing theory is that longer living species possess mitochondria that are better capable of consuming reactive oxygen species, or highly reactive molecules containing the element oxygen (H202, peroxide, for example).
<ref name= 'mitochon">Munro, Daniel, Cécile Baldy, Matthew E. Pamenter, and Jason R. Treberg. “The Exceptional Longevity of the Naked Mole‐rat May Be Explained by Mitochondrial Antioxidant Defenses.” Aging cell 18, no. 3 (2019): e12916–n/a.</ref>


==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />

Latest revision as of 23:51, 11 May 2023

Naked mole-rats are small, fossorial rodents found mainly in Kenya and the Horn of Africa. They live in long, complex burrows and rarely venture aboveground. Their ability to thrive in the harsh conditions of subterranean Africa classifies them as extremophiles, and they have developed a number of unique traits seldom seen elsewhere in the animal kingdom. These include reduced pain sensitivity, cancer immunity, and eusociality. [1]


Naked mole-rat [2] Taxonomy [3]
Naked mole-rat
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Rodentia
Family Bathyergidae
Genus Heterocephalus
Species Heterocephalus glaber

Anatomy

Naked mole rats have very poor eyesight and hearing. Instead, these creatures rely mostly on their sense of touch to navigate their burrows and are especially sensitive to vibrations. True to their name, they lack fur on their bodies, which exposes their cylindrical bodies and loose, pale, wrinkled skin. Their body shape and loose skin facilitate squeezing through the tight corridors of their burrows. However, they do have around 40 thin, whisker-like hairs on each side of their bodies that are sensitive to physical stimulation. The skin itself has also been shown to be immune to certain sources of pain. Their burrows usually have a very high carbon dioxide concentration, which in most creatures would cause pain due to tissue acidosis. The mole rat, however, is immune to this. [4]


Besides their "naked" bodies, the other most striking part of the creature's anatomy is its large incisors. The jaw makes up about 25% of the creature's musculature, and it uses this muscle for a variety of tasks. The incisors are the primary tool used for digging their complex subterranean network of burrows. Additionally, they use their teeth as a transportation mechanism for food, debris, and their young. [4]

Habitat and Distribution

Mole Rat Habitat [5]

Naked mole rats spend almost their entire lives within complex networks of burrows underneath the grasslands of Eastern Africa. Specifically, they can be found around Kenya, Somalia, and Ethiopia. Aboveground, it is hot and arid, and there is very little rainfall. Despite this, their soil burrows have a relatively constant ambient temperature throughout the year. This is beneficial, as the mole rat is one of the few mammals that are poikilothermic and have considerably varying internal temperatures. If some outside condition alters the temperature within the burrow, the mole rats are able to sense this and reorganize and/or expand their burrows to compensate. These burrows exist in varying degrees of complexity, but often contain multiple nests, waste chambers, food storage chambers, and escape routes. [4] The largest of these burrows can even reach over 3,000 meters in length. [6] These sprawling tunnels help with soil aeration where air from surface-level tunnels (with a higher oxygen concentration) is able to mix with the air in deeper parts of the soil, thus creating a "plunger effect". [1]


Each burrow develops a distinct microclimate based on a host of conditions. The depth, slope, and soil compaction all contribute to this. The behavior of the colony itself also plays a role, as the population size and metabolic rate of the mole rats also affect the microclimate. The soil color determines how much heat from the sun is absorbed, and this is the main driver of temperature within a burrow. While mole rats are protected from the worst of the desert threats (climate extremes, predators, UV radiation), there are different problems that come with living perpetually underground. Food can be scarce, digging and maintaining these tunnels has a high energy cost, and gas exchange is impaired. Managing to survive despite these drawbacks classifies these creatures as extremophiles.[1]

Mole Rat Burrow[7]

Behavior and Reproduction

The naked mole rat is one of the few mammals that can be defined as "eusocial". To be considered eusocial, an organism must display a reproductive division of labor, generational overlap, and cooperative raising of the young. [6] Age and size are the main traits that determine an individual's position in the social hierarchy, with the oldest and largest occupying the topmost positions. There are multiple distinct roles that individuals perform in the colony, and the same individuals tend to keep the same role for long periods of time. Particularly, younger members tend to raise young, and older members tend to defend the colony. There is also a specialized role for foraging, which involves tunneling until an individual finds an underground tuber. Food is then taken from inside the tuber, leaving the skin intact to facilitate the plant's regrowth. [1] [4]


Similarly to certain insects, the largest female is designated the "queen" and is the sole breeder. She uses pheromones and intimidation to suppress other reproductive activity in the colony except for a handful of chosen partners. These pheromones are released mainly through urination. [8] Dual-queen colonies can sometimes form, but this is exceptionally rare due to the reproductive suppression instituted by the original queen. [4]

Longevity and Cancer Resistance

The naked mole rat is the longest-living rodent, often living to over 30 years old. It is also extremely resistant to abnormal tumor growth. Sequencing of the mole rat's genome suggests that these traits are due to this species' unique makeup of protein p53, which is a regulatory protein that often gets mutated in the presence of cancer. [9] Additionally, many negative age-related effects rarely manifest in these creatures, such as neurodegeneration, loss of thermoregulatory capability, and loss of reproductive capability. A prevailing theory is that longer living species possess mitochondria that are better capable of consuming reactive oxygen species, or highly reactive molecules containing the element oxygen (H202, peroxide, for example). [10]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Holtze, Susanne, Stanton Braude, Alemayehu Lemma, Rosie Koch, Michaela Morhart, Karol Szafranski, Matthias Platzer, Fitsum Alemayehu, Frank Goeritz, and Thomas Bernd Hildebrandt. “The Microenvironment of Naked Mole‐rat Burrows in East Africa.” African journal of ecology 56, no. 2 (2018): 279–289.
  2. ↑ Mehgan, Murphy. The disease-resistant naked mole-rat. Smithsonian Institution. https://critter.science/the-disease-resistant-naked-mole-rat/
  3. ↑ “Heterocephalus glaber.” itis.gov, n.d. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=584677#null.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Browe, Brigitte M., Emily N. Vice, and Thomas J. Park. “Naked Mole‐Rats: Blind, Naked, and Feeling No Pain.” Anatomical Record 303 (2020): 77–88.
  5. ↑ “Naked Mole Rat Range Map (Africa)” theanimalfiles.com, 2006. https://www.theanimalfiles.com/mammals/rodents/mole_rat_naked.html.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Buffenstein, Rochelle, Vincent Amoroso, Blazej Andziak, Stanislav Avdieiev, Jorge Azpurua, Alison J. Barker, Nigel C. Bennett, et al. “The Naked Truth: a Comprehensive Clarification and Classification of Current ‘myths’ in Naked Mole‐rat Biology.” Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 97, no. 1 (2022): 115–140
  7. ↑ Digging the Underground Life. Photograph. The-Scientist.com. Accessed April 21, 2023. https://www.the-scientist.com/infographics/digging-the-underground-life-40923.
  8. ↑ Zhou, Shuzhi, Melissa M. Holmes, Nancy G. Forger, Bruce D. Goldman, Matthew B. Lovern, Alain Caraty, Imre Kalló, Christopher G. Faulkes, and Clive W. Coen. “Socially Regulated Reproductive Development: Analysis of GnRH-1 and Kisspeptin Neuronal Systems in Cooperatively Breeding Naked Mole-Rats (Heterocephalus Glaber).” Journal of comparative neurology (1911) 521, no. 13 (2013): 3003–3029.
  9. ↑ Keane, Michael, Thomas Craig, Jessica Alfoeldi, Aaron M. Berlin, Jeremy Johnson, Andrei Seluanov, Vera Gorbunova, et al. “The Naked Mole Rat Genome Resource: Facilitating Analyses of Cancer and Longevity-Related Adaptations.” BIOINFORMATICS 30, no. 24 (2014): 3558–3560.
  10. ↑ Munro, Daniel, Cécile Baldy, Matthew E. Pamenter, and Jason R. Treberg. “The Exceptional Longevity of the Naked Mole‐rat May Be Explained by Mitochondrial Antioxidant Defenses.” Aging cell 18, no. 3 (2019): e12916–n/a.
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