Soldiers Delight Serpentine Barrens plant list: Difference between revisions

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==List of Wildflowers of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area==


Division '''[[Magnoliophyta]]''' - Angiosperms
The '''[[Grass|Graminoids]]''' of '''[[Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area]]''', located in western [[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore County]], [[Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiers.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-12-23 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210134004/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiers.html |archivedate=2007-12-10 }} [http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiersguide.html dnr.state.md: SDNEA guide] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210143105/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiersguide.html |date=2007-12-10 }}</ref> Graminoids, within the [[Order (biology)|order]] of [[Poales]], include: [[Poaceae|grasses]] (Poaceae), [[Cyperaceae|sedge]]s (Cyperaceae), [[Juncaceae|rush]]es (Juncaceae), and [[Typhaceae|cattail]]s (Typhaceae).
<ref>[http://www.mgs.md.gov/esic/features/soldiers.html dnr.state.md: SDNEA Features]</ref>


Class '''[[Magnoliopsida]]''' - Dicotyledons
==Introduction==
Much of the area of the Soldiers Delight NEA, which totals {{convert|1900|acre|km2}} of protected land, contains a [[serpentine soil|serpentine]] barren that contains a number of rare and endangered species of plants.<ref>[http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_18946.htm] [https://web.archive.org/web/20041030184247/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/serpentine.asp gsa.confex.com: Serpentine]</ref>


'''[[Amaranthaceae]]''' - ([[Amaranth]] Family)
The Graminoids list was developed using the following publications, with authors' acronyms indicated:<br/>[F] Fleming et al. 1995, [M] Monteferrante 1973, [R] Reed 1984, [We] Wennerstrom 1995, and the unpublished data by [Wo] Worthley 1955-1985.
*''[[Amaranthus retroflexus]]'' L. - Pigweed<ref name="M"/>


'''[[Apiaceae]]''' - ([[Carrot]] Family)
==List of Graminoids of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area==
*''[[Daucus carota]]'' L. - [[Daucus carota|Queen Anne's Lace]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>


'''[[Apocynaceae]]''' - ([[Dogbane]] Family)
;Division [[Magnoliophyta]]; Class [[Liliopsida]]—[[Monocotyledons]]; Order [[Poales]].
*'''[[Apocynoideae]]''' - Subfamily
**''[[Apocynum androsaemifolium]]'' L. - [[Spreading Dogbane]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
**''[[Apocynum cannabinum]]'' L. - Indian Hemp<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*'''[[Asclepiadoideae]]''' - Subfamily
**''[[Asclepias amplexicaulis]]'' Sm. - [[Blunt-leaved Milkweed]]<ref name="Wo"/>
**''[[Asclepias incarnata]]'' L. - [[Swamp Milkweed]]<ref name="Wo"/>
**''[[Asclepias syriaca]]'' L. - [[Common Milkweed]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/>
**''[[Asclepias verticillata]]'' L. - Whorled Milkweed<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
**''[[Asclepias viridiflora]]'' Raf. - Green Milkweed<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/>


'''[[Asteraceae]]''' - ([[Aster (genus)|Aster]] Family)
==Families==
*''[[Achillea millefolium]]'' L. - [[Yarrow]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Ambrosia artemisiifolia]]'' L. - Common Ragweed<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Ambrosia trifida]]'' L. - Giant Ragweed [M, Wo]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Anaphalis margaritacea]]'' (L.) Benth. & Hook. - Pearly Everlasting<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Antennaria plantaginifolia]]'' (L.) Richardson - Plantain-leaf Pussytoes<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Anthemis arvensis]]'' L. - [[Field Chamomile]]<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Anthemis cotula]]'' L. - Mayweed, Dogfennel<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Aster tataricus]]'' L.f. - Tatarian Aster<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Bidens bipinnata]]'' L. - Spanish Needles<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Bidens frondosa]]'' L. - [[Devil's beggartick]]<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Bidens polylepis]]'' Blake - Tickseed Sunflower<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Carduus nutans]]'' L. - [[Musk thistle]]<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Leucanthemum vulgare]]'' L. - Ox-eye Daisy<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Chrysanthemum parthenium]]'' (L.) Bernh. - Feverfew<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Chrysopsis mariana]]'' (L.) Ell. - Maryland Golden Aster<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Cichorium intybus]]'' L. – [[Chicory]]<ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Cirsium arvense]]'' (L.) Scop. - [[Canada Thistle]]<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Cirsium discolor]]'' (Muhl.) Sprengel - Field Thistle [Hand-out]
*''[[Cirsium horridulum]]'' Michx. - Yellow Thistle<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Cirsium muticum]]'' Michx. - Swamp Thistle<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/>
*''[[Conyza canadensis]]'' (L.) Cronq. - [[Conyza canadensis|Horseweed]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Erechtites hieracifolia]]'' (L.) Raf. - [[Pilewort]], [[Fireweed]]<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Erigeron annuus]]'' (L.) Pers. - Daisy or Annual Fleabane<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Erigeron pulchellus]]'' Michx. - Robin's Plantain<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Erigeron strigosus]]'' Muhl. ''ex'' Wild - Daisy Fleabane<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Eupatorium altissimum]]'' L.  - Tall Thoroughwort <ref name="R"/>
*''[[Eupatorium aromaticum]]'' L.  - Aromatic Thoroughwort <ref name="R"/>
*''[[Eupatorium fistulosum]]'' Barratt - [[Joe-Pye Weed]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/>
*''[[Eupatorium perfoliatum]]'' L. - [[Boneset]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Eupatorium rugosum]]'' Houttuyn. - [[Eupatorium rugosum|White Snakeroot]] <ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Eupatorium sessilifolium]]'' L.  - Upland Boneset<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Eurybia divaricata]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster divaricatus'') - White Wood Aster<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Eurybia schreberi]]'' (Nees) Nees (Syn. ''Aster schreberi'') - Schreber's Aster<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Euthamia graminifolia]]'' (L.) Nutt. (Syn. ''[[Solidago]] graminifolia'') - Lance-leaf Goldenrod<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Galinsoga quadriradiata]]'' Ruiz & Pavon - Galinsoga <ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Helenium autumnale]]'' L. - Yellow Sneezeweed <ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Helianthus annuus]]'' L. - [[Sunflower]] <ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Helianthus decapetalus]]'' L. - Thin-leaf Sunflower<ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Heliopsis helianthoides]]'' (L.) Sweet - Ox-eye<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Hieracium caespitosum]]'' Dumort - Yellow King Devil<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Hieracium gronovii]]'' L. - Hairy Hawkweed<ref name="R"/>
*''[[Hieracium paniculatum]]'' L. - Panicled Hawkweed<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Hieracium scabrum]]'' Michx. - Rough Hawkweed<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Hieracium venosum]]'' L. - Rattlesnake Weed<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Ionactis linariifolia]]'' (L.) Greene (Syn. ''Aster linariifolius'') - Flax-leaf White-top Aster<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Krigia virginica]]'' (L.) Willd. – Dwarf Dandelion<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Lactuca saligna]]'' L. – Willow-leaf Lettuce<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Lactuca serriola]]'' L. – [[Prickly Lettuce]]<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Liatris]] graminifolia'' Willd. – [[Grass-leaf Blazing-star]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Liatris spicata]]'' (L.) Willd. - [[Spiked Blazing-star]]<ref name="F"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> {G5, S1}
*''[[Matricaria discoidea]]'' D.C. – Pineapple Weed<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Mikania scandens]]'' (L.) Willd. – Climbing Hempweed<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Oclemena acuminata]]'' (Michx.) Greene (Syn. ''Aster acuminatus'') - Whorled Wood Aster<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Packera anonyma]]'' (A. Wood) W.A. Weber & A. Löve (Syn. ''Senecio smallii, Senecio anonymus'') - Southern Ragwort<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Packera paupercula]]'' (Michx.) A. Löve & D. Löve (Syn. ''Senecio balsamitae, Senecio pauperculus'') - Balsam Ragwort, Balsam Groundsel<ref name="F"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium]]'' (L.) Hilliard & Burtt (Syn. ''Gnaphalium obtusifolium'') - Rabbit-tobacco, Sweet Everlasting, Fragrant Cudweed<ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Rudbeckia hirta]]'' L. – Black-eyed Susan<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Rudbeckia laciniata]]'' L. – [[Cutleaf coneflower]], Green-head Coneflower<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Rudbeckia triloba]]'' L. – Three-lobed Coneflower<ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Sericocarpus]] asteroides'' (L.) B.S.P. (Syn. ''Aster paternus'') - Toothed White-top Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago bicolor]]'' L. - Silver-rod<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago caesia]]'' L. - Blue-stemmed Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago canadensis]]'' L. - Canada Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago canadensis]]'' L. var. ''scabra'' T. & G. - Tall Goldenrod<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago gigantea]]'' Ait. - Late Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago hispida]]'' Muhl. - Hispid Goldenrod<ref name="R"/>{G5, SH, X}
*''[[Solidago juncea]]'' Aiton - Early Goldenrod<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago nemoralis]]'' Aiton - Gray Goldenrod<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago patula]]'' Muhl. - Rough-leaved Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago rigida]]'' L. - Stiff Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago rugosa]]'' Mill. - Wrinkle-leaf Goldenrod<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago stricta]]'' Ait. - Willow-leaf Goldenrod<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Solidago ulmifolia]]'' Muhl. ''ex'' Willd. - Elm-leaf Goldenrod<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Taraxacum officinale]]'' Weber - [[Dandelion]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Symphyotrichum cordifolium]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster cordifolius'') - Common Blue Wood Aster<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Symphyotrichum depauperatum]]'' ([[Fern]].) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster depauperatus'') - Eastern Serpentine Aster<ref name="F"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> {G2, S1, E}
*''[[Symphyotrichum dumosum]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster dumosum'') - Rice Button Aster<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Symphyotrichum ericoides]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster ericoides'') - White Heath Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Symphyotrichum laeve]]'' (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve (Syn. ''Aster laevis'') - Smooth Blue Aster<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Symphyotrichum lateriflorum]]'' (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve (Syn. ''Aster lateriflorus'') - Calico Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Symphyotrichum novae-angliae]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster novae-angliae'') - New England Aster<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Symphyotrichum novi-belgii]]'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster novi-belgii'') - New York Aster<ref name="F"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Symphyotrichum]] patens'' (Ait.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster patens'') - Late Purple Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Symphyotrichum pilosum]]'' (Willd.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster pilosus'') - Hairy White Heath Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Symphyotrichum]] racemosum'' (Ell.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster racemosus'') - Smooth White Oldfield Aster<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Symphyotrichum]] undulatum'' (L.) G.L. Nesom (Syn. ''Aster undulatus'') - Wavy-leaf Aster<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Verbesina alternifolia]]'' (L.) Britton - Wingstem<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Vernonia noveboracensis]]'' (L.) Michx. - New York Ironweed<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>


'''[[Balsaminaceae]]''' - (Touch-me-not Family)
===[[Cyperaceae]] (Sedge Family)===
*''[[Impatiens capensis]]'' Meerb. – Common Jewelweed<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/>


'''[[Boraginaceae]]''' - ([[Borage]] Family)
*''Bulbostylis capillaris'' (L.) C.B. Clarke - Thread-leaf Beak-sedge[Wo]
*''[[Echium vulgare]]'' L. - [[Viper's Bugloss]]<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Carex]] bicknellii'' Britt. - Bicknell's Sedge [Wo]
*''[[Carex]] bullata'' Schkuhr - Button Sedge [M, R]
*''[[Carex]] caroliniana'' Schwein. - Carolina Sedge [Wo]
*''[[Carex]] cephalophora'' Muhl. - Oval-headed Sedge [Wo]
*''[[Carex]] complanata'' Torr. & Hook. - Hirsute Sedge [M, R, Wo]
*''[[Carex]] convoluta'' Mackenzie? - [R]
*''[[Carex]] flaccosperma'' Dewey - Thin-fruited Sedge [R, Wo]
*''[[Carex hystericina]]'' Muhl. - Porcupine Sedge, Bottlebrush Sedge [R] {G5, S1, E}
*''[[Carex]] lupulina'' Muhl. - Hop Sedge [Wo]
*''[[Carex]] lurida'' Wahl. - Lurid Sedge, Sallow Sedge [Wo]
*''[[Carex nigromarginata]]'' Schwein. - Black-edge Sedge [Wo]
*''[[Carex pensylvanica]]'' Lam. - Pennsylvania Sedge [R, Wo]
*''[[Carex]] richardsonii'' R. Br. - Richardson's Sedge {G4, S1, E}
*''[[Carex]] rosea'' Schkuhr - Rosy Sedge, Stellate Sedge, Curly-Styled Wood Sedge [M, R]
*''[[Carex]] seorsa'' E.C. Howe - Weak Stellate Sedge [R]
*''[[Carex]] swanii'' ([[Fern]].) Mackenzie - Swan's Sedge, Downy Green Sedge [Wo]
*''[[Carex]] umbellata'' Schk. - Parasol Sedge, Early Oak Sedge [R]
*''[[Cyperus esculentus]]'' L. - [[Yellow nutsedge]] [Wo]
*''[[Cyperus]] strigosus'' L.- Straw-colored Cyperus, Straw-colored Flat-sedge [M, R, Wo]
*''Eleocharis tenuis'' (Willd.) Schultes - Kill Cow, Slender Spikerush [M, R, Wo]
*''Eleocharis ovata'' (Roth) Roemer & Schultes - Blunt Spikerush, Ovate Spikerush [Wo]
*''Fimbristylis annua'' (All.) Roemer & Schultes - Annual Fimbry [M, R, We, Wo]
*''Fimbristylis autumnalis'' (L.) R. & S. - Autumn Sedge, Slender Fimbry [M, R]
*''[[Rhynchospora]] alba'' (L.) Vahl - White Beak-rush [M, R, Wo]
*''[[Scirpus]] atrovirens'' Willd. - Black Bulrush, Dark Green Bulrush [M, Wo]
*''[[Scirpus]] cyperinus'' (L.) Kunth - Woolgrass [Wo]
*''[[Scirpus]] hattorianus'' Makino - Early Dark-green Bulrush, Mosquito Bulrush [R]
*''[[Schoenoplectus]] validus'' (Vahl.) A. & D. Löve - Great Bulrush, Soft-stem Bulrush [M, R]
*''Scleria pauciflora'' Muhl. ''ex'' Willd. - Carolina Whipgrass, Few-flower Nutrush [M, R, Wo]


'''[[Brassicaceae]]''' - ([[Mustard plant|Mustard]] Family)
----
*''[[Arabidopsis lyrata]]'' L. - Lyre-leaved Rock Cress<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Arabidopsis thaliana]]'' (L.) Heynh. - Mouse-ear Cress<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Barbarea vulgaris]]'' R. Br. - Winter Cress<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Camelina microcarpa]]'' Andrz. - Small-fruited False-flax<ref name="R"/>
*''[[Cardamine angustata]]'' O.E. Schulz (Syn. ''Dentaria heterophylla'') - Slender Toothwort<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Cardamine hirsuta]]'' L. - Hairy Bitter-cress
*''[[Draba verna]]'' L. - Spring Draba, Whitlow-grass
*''[[Lepidium campestre]]'' (L.) R.Br. - Field Peppergrass<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/>
*''[[Lepidium virginicum]]'' L. - Wild Peppergrass<ref name="M"/>


'''[[Campanulaceae]]''' - (Bellflower family)
===[[Juncaceae]] (Rush Family)===
*''[[Lobelia cardinalis]]'' L. - [[Cardinal flower]]<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Lobelia inflata]]'' L. - Indian Tobacco<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/>
*''[[Lobelia siphilitica]]'' L. - Great Lobelia  [F, M, We]
*''[[Lobelia spicata]]'' Lam. - Spiked Lobelia<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Triodanis perfoliata]]'' (L.) Nieuwl. (Syn. ''Specularia perfoliata'') - Clasping Venus' Looking-glass<ref name="M"/>


'''[[Caryophyllaceae]]''' - (Pink Family)
*''[[Juncus]] acuminatus'' Michx. - Tapertip Rush, Sharp-fruited Rush, Knotty Leaf Rush [Wo]
*''[[Cerastium arvense]]'' L. var. ''villosissimum'' (Muhl. ''ex'' Darl.) Hollick & Britt. (Syn. ''Cerastium arvense'' L. var. ''villosissimum'' Pennell - Serpentine Chickweed<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Juncus]] brevicaudatus'' (Engelm.) Fern. - Short-tailed Rush, Narrow-panicle Rush [M] {G5, S2}
*''[[Cerastium vulgatum]]'' L. - Common Mouse-ear Chickweed<ref name="R"/>
*''[[Juncus]] bufonius'' L. - Toad Rush [M, Wo]
*''[[Dianthus armeria]]'' L. - [[Deptford Pink]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Juncus]] canadensis'' J. Gay - Canada Rush [M, Wo]
*''[[Silene antirrhina]]'' L. - Sleepy Catchfly<ref name="R"/>
*''[[Juncus]] dichotomus'' Elliott (Syn. ''Juncus tenuis'' Willd. var. ''dichotomus'' (Elliott) A. Wood) - Forked Rush [Wo]
*''[[Silene caroliniana]]'' Walter - Wild Pink<ref name="F"/>
*''[[Juncus]] dudley'' Wiegand (Syn. ''Juncus tenuis'' Willd. var. ''dudleyi'' (Weig.) F.J. Herm.) - Dudley's Rush [R, Wo]
*''[[Silene latifolia]]'' Poiret - White Campion<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Juncus effusus]]'' L. - Common or [[Soft rush]] [Wo]
*''[[Stellaria media]]'' (L.) Vill. - [[Common Chickweed]]
*''[[Juncus]] secundus'' Beauv. - Lopsided Rush, Nodding Rush [M, R, Wo]
*''[[Juncus]] subcaudatus'' (Engelm.) Conv. & Blake - Tailed Rush [M, R]
*''[[Juncus tenuis]]'' Willd. - Path Rush, [[Slender rush]], Poverty Rush, Field Rush [M, R, We, Wo]
*''[[Luzula]] bulbosa'' (Wood.) Rydb. - Bulbous Woodrush [Wo]


'''[[Chenopodiaceae]]''' - ([[Goosefoot]] Family)
----
*''[[Chenopodium album]]'' L. - Lamb's quarters<ref name="M"/>


'''[[Cistaceae]]''' - ([[Rockrose]] Family)
===[[Poaceae]] (Grass Family) ===
*''[[Helianthemum]] bicknellii'' Fern. - Hairy Frostweed<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/> {G5, S1, E}
*''Lechea minor'' L. - Thyme-leaved Pinweed<ref name="Wo"/>


'''[[Clusiaceae]]''' - ([[Mangosteen]] Family)
*''[[Agrostis gigantea]]'' Roth - Redtop [R, Wo]
*''[[Hypericum canadense]]'' L. - Canadian St. John's Wort<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Agrostis]] hymenalis'' (Walter) BSP. - Tickle Grass [M, Wo]
*''[[Hypericum denticulatum]]'' Walt. - Coppery St. John's Wort<ref name="M"/> {G5, S2, T}
*''[[Agrostis]] hymenalis'' (Walter) BSP. var. ''scabra'' (Willd.) Blomq. - Tickle Grass [R]
*''[[Hypericum gentianoides]]'' (L.) BSP. - Pinweed [F, M]
*''[[Agrostis perennans]]'' (Walt.) Tuckerman - Autumn or Upland Bent [M, R, Wo]
*''[[Hypericum mutilum]]'' L. - Dwarf St. John's Wort<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Andropogon gerardi]]'' Vitman - [[Big Bluestem]] [F, M, We, Wo]
*''[[Hypericum perforatum]]'' L. - [[St. John's Wort]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Andropogon glomeratus]]'' (Walt.) B.S.P. var. ''glomeratus'' (Syn. ''Andropogon virginicus'' var. ''abbreviatus'') - Bushy Bluestem [R]
*''[[Hypericum punctatum]]'' Lam. - Spotted St. John's Wort<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Andropogon]] gyrans'' Ashe - Elliott's Bluestem [Wo]
*''[[Hypericum virginicum]]'' L. - Marsh St. John's Wort<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Andropogon virginicus]]'' L.  - Broom-sedge [We, Wo]
*''[[Anthoxanthum odoratum]]'' L. - [[Sweet Vernal Grass]] [Wo]
*''[[Aristida]] dichotoma'' Michx. - Poverty Grass, Three-awn Grass [M, R, We, Wo]
*''[[Aristida oligantha]]'' Michx. - Prairie Three-awn [Wo]
*''[[Aristida]] purpurascens'' Poiret - Purple Three-awn [M, R, We, Wo]
*''[[Arrhenatherum elatius]]'' (L.) J & C.Presl. - Tall Oat Grass [Wo]
*''[[Brachyelytrum]] erectum'' (Schreb.) Beauv. - Bearded Shorthusk[Wo]
*''[[Bromus commutatus]]'' Schrader - Upright or Hairy Chess [M, Wo]
*''[[Bromus]] japonicus'' Thunb. - Japanese Bromegrass [R]
*''[[Bromus]] pubescens'' Muhl. - Canada Brome [Wo]
*''[[Bromus secalinus]]'' L. - Chess, Cheat [R]
*''[[Bromus tectorum]]'' L. - [[Drooping Brome]], Downy Chess, Downy Brome [Wo]
*''[[Cinna arundinacea]]'' L. - Stout Woodreed [Wo]
*''[[Cynodon dactylon]]'' (L.) Pers. - [[Bermuda Grass]] [Wo]
*''[[Dactylis glomerata]]'' L. - Orchard Grass [M, We, Wo]
*''[[Danthonia]] sericea'' Nutt. - Downy Danthonia [Wo]
*''[[Danthonia spicata]]'' (L.) Beauv. - Poverty Grass [M, Wo]
*''[[Deschampsia cespitosa]]'' (L.) Beauv. - [[Tufted Hair-grass]] [We, Wo] {G5, S1, E}
*''[[Deschampsia flexuosa]]'' (L.) Trin. - Crinkled Hair-grass [R]
*''[[Dichanthelium]] aciculare'' (Desv. ''ex'' Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark (Syn. ''Panicum aciculare'') - Needle-leaf Rosette Grass [M]
*''[[Dichanthelium acuminatum]]'' (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. ''fasciculatum'' (Torr.) Freckmann (Syn. ''Panicum lanuginosum'') - Western Panic Grass [M, Wo]
*''[[Dichanthelium]] boscii'' (Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark (Syn. ''Panicum boscii'') - Bosc's Panic Grass [Wo]
*''[[Dichanthelium]] clandestinum'' (L.) Gould (Syn. ''Panicum clandestinum'') - Deer-tongue Grass [M, Wo]
*''[[Dichanthelium]] depauperatum'' (Muhl.) Gould (Syn. ''Panicum depauperatum'') - Starved Panic Grass [M, Wo]
*''[[Dichanthelium]] dichotomum'' (L.) Gould (Syn. ''Panicum dichotomum'') - Bushy Panic Grass [R, Wo]
*''[[Dichanthelium]] linearifolium'' (Scribn.) Gould (Syn. ''Panicum linearifolium'') - Low Panic Grass [R, Wo]
*''[[Dichanthelium]] oligosanthes'' (Schultes) Gould (Syn. ''Panicum oligosanthes'') - Few-flowered Panic Grass [R, Wo] {G5, S2}
*''[[Dichanthelium]] sphaerocarpon'' (Elliott) Gould (Syn. ''Panicum sphaerocarpon'') - Round-fruited Panic Grass [R, Wo]
*''[[Digitaria]] filiformis'' (L.) Koeler - Finger Grass [R]
*''[[Digitaria ischaemum]]'' (Schreb.) Muhl. - Smooth Crabgrass [M, R, Wo]
*''[[Digitaria sanguinalis]]'' (L.) Scop. - Crabgrass [Wo]
*''[[Echinochloa crus-galli]]'' (L.) Beauv. - [[Barnyard Grass]] [M, Wo]
*''[[Eleusine indica]]'' (L.) Gaertn. - Goose-grass [Wo]
*''[[Elymus hystrix]]'' L. - Bottle-brush Grass [Wo]
*''[[Elymus virginicus]]'' L. - Virginia Wild-rye [M, Wo]
*''[[Elytrigia repens]]'' (L.) Nevski - Quackgrass, Witchgrass [Wo]
*''[[Eragrostis]] capillaris'' (L.) Nees - Lace Grass [Wo]
*''[[Eragrostis cilianensis]]'' (All.) Janchen - Stink-grass [Wo]
*''[[Eragrostis]] minor'' Host - Little Lovegrass [Wo]
*''[[Eragrostis spectabilis]]'' (Pursh) Steudel - Purple Lovegrass [Wo]
*''[[Festuca]] elatior'' L. - Meadow Fescue, Tall Fescue [M, Wo]
*''[[Festuca ovina]]'' L. - Sheep Fescue [Wo]
*''[[Festuca rubra]]'' L. - Red Fescue [R, Wo]
*''[[Festuca]] subverticillata'' (Pers.) E. Alexeev. - Nodding Fescue [Wo]
*''[[Glyceria striata]]'' (Lam.) Hitchc. - Fowl Manna Grass [Wo]
*''[[Hierochloe odorata]]'' (L.) Beauv. - Vanilla Grass, Holy Grass [M, R, We, Wo] {G4, S1, E}
*''[[Holcus lanatus]]'' L. - Velvet Grass [Wo]
*''[[Leersia virginica]]'' Willd. - White Grass [Wo]
*''[[Lolium perenne]]'' L.  - [[Perennial ryegrass]] [Wo]
*''[[Microstegium vimineum]]'' (Trin.) A. Camus - Japanese Stilt Grass [EU]
*''[[Miscanthus sinensis]]'' Andersson -  [[Chinese silver grass]], Eulalia [Wo]
*''[[Muhlenbergia]] frondosa'' (Poiret) Fernald - Wirestem Muhly [M, Wo]
*''[[Muhlenbergia mexicana]]'' (L.) Trin. - Satin Grass, Wire-stem Muhly [R]
*''[[Muhlenbergia schreberi]]'' J.F. Gmelin - Nimblewill [Wo]
*''[[Muhlenbergia]] sobolifera'' (Muhl.) Trin. - Branched Muhly [R]
*''[[Panicum capillare]]'' L. - Old Witch Grass [M, Wo]
*''[[Panicum dichotomiflorum]]'' Michx. - Spreading Witch Grass [Wo]
*''[[Panicum]] philadelphicum'' Bernh. - Wood Witch Grass [Wo]
*''[[Panicum]] verrucosum'' Muhl. - Warty Panic Grass [R]
*''[[Panicum virgatum]]'' L. - [[Switchgrass]]
*''[[Paspalum]] laeve'' Michx. - Smooth Paspalum [Wo]
*''[[Phalaris arundinacea]]'' L. - [[Reed canary grass]] [Wo]
*''[[Phleum pratense]]'' L. - [[Timothy-grass]] [M, R, Wo]
*''[[Poa annua]]'' L. - [[Annual Meadow-grass]], Spear grass [Wo]
*''[[Poa compressa]]'' L. - Canada Bluegrass [M, R, Wo]
*''[[Poa]] languida'' A. Hitch. - Weak Speargrass [M] {G3, SU}
*''[[Poa palustris]]'' L. - Fowl Meadow-grass [M] {G5, SH}
*''[[Poa pratensis]]'' L. - [[Kentucky Bluegrass]], [[Smooth Meadow-grass]] [R, Wo]
*''[[Poa trivialis]]'' L. - Rough-stalked Bluegrass [M, Wo]
*''[[Schizachyrium scoparium]]'' Michx. Nash - [[Little Bluestem]] [F, M, We, Wo]
*''[[Setaria faberi]]'' Herrm. - Faber's Foxtail  [Wo]
*''[[Setaria]] geniculata'' (Lam.) Beauv. - Knotroot Bristle-grass [M, Wo]
*''[[Setaria glauca]]'' (L.) P. Beauv. - Yellow Foxtail [M, Wo]
*''[[Setaria viridis]]'' (L.) Beauv. - Green Foxtail [R, We, Wo]
*''[[Sorghastrum nutans]]'' Nash - [[Indian Grass]] [M, R, We, Wo]
*''[[Sorghum halepense]]'' (L.) Pers. - Johnson Grass [Wo]
*''[[Sphenopholis obtusata]]'' (Michx.) Scribn. - Prairie Wedge-grass [M, R, Wo]
*''Sphenopholis obtusata'' (Michx.) Scribn. var. ''major'' (Torr.) K.S. Erdman - [M, R, Wo]
*''[[Sphenopholis]] pensylvanica'' (L.) A. Hitchc. - Swamp-oats [Wo]  {G4, S1, T}
*''[[Sporobolus vaginiflorus]]'' (Torr.) Wood - Poverty Grass [R, Wo]
*''[[Tridens flavus]]'' (L.) A. Hitchc. - Purple-top [We, Wo]
*''[[Tripsacum dactyloides]]'' (L.) L. - Eastern Gamma-grass [We]
*''[[Vulpia octoflora]]'' (Walter) Rydb. - Six-weeks Fescue [Wo]


'''[[Convolvulaceae]]''' - ([[Morning glory]] Family)
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*''[[Calystegia]] spithamea'' (L.) Pursh. - Low Bindweed<ref name="M"/> {G4, S2}
*''[[Convolvulus arvensis]]'' L. - Field Bindweed<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Cuscuta gronovii]]'' Willd. - Common Dodder<ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Ericaceae]]''' - (Heath Family)
*''[[Chimaphila maculata]]'' (L.) Pursh. - [[Spotted Wintergreen]]<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Chimaphila umbellata]]'' (L.) Barton - [[Chimaphila umbellata|Pipsissewa]]<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Epigaea repens]]'' L. - Trailing Arbutus<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Monotropa uniflora]]'' L. - [[Indian Pipe]]<ref name="M"/>
 
'''[[Fabaceae]]''' - ([[Bean]] Family)
*''[[Baptisia tinctoria]]'' (L.) R. Brown - Wild Indigo<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Chamaecrista fasciculata]]'' (Michx.) Greene (Syn. ''[[Cassia (legume)|Cassia]] fasciculata'') - Large-flowered Partridge Pea<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Chamaecrista nictitans]]'' (L.) Moench. (Syn. ''[[Cassia (legume)|Cassia]] nictitans'') - Wild Sensitive Plant<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Crotalaria]] sagittalis'' L. - Rattlebox<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Desmodium]] canadense'' (L.) DC. - Showy Tick-trefoil<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Desmodium]] ciliare'' (Muhl.) DC. - Hairy Small-leaf Tick-trefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/>
*''[[Desmodium]] cuspidatum'' (Muhl.) Loudon - Large-bracted Tick-trefoil<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Desmodium]] lineatum'' (Michx.) DC. - Linear-leaved Tick-trefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/> {G5, S1, E}
*''[[Desmodium]] marilandicum'' (L.) DC. - Smooth Small-leaved Tick-trefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Desmodium]] nudiflorum'' (L.) DC. - Naked-flowered Tick-trefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Desmodium]] paniculatum'' (L.) DC. - Panicled Tick-trefoil<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Desmodium]] rigidum'' (Ell.) DC. - Rigid Tick-trefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> {G?, S1, E}
*''[[Lathyrus latifolius]]'' L. - Everlasting pea<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/>
*''[[Lespedeza]] cuneata'' (Dumont) G. Don - Chinese Lespedeza<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/>
*''[[Lespedeza]] stipulacea'' Maxim. - Korean Bushclover<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Lespedeza]] virginica'' L.  - Slender Bushclover<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Medicago]] lupulina'' L.  - Black Medic<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Melilotus albus]]'' Desr. - [[White Sweet Clover]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Melilotus officinalis]]'' Desr. - [[Yellow Sweet Clover]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''Strophostyles umbellata'' (Muhl.) Britton - Pink Wild Bean<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Trifolium aureum]]'' Pollich - [[Large Hop Trefoil]]<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Trifolium]] dubium'' Sibth. - Little Hop Clover<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Trifolium pratense]]'' L. - [[Red Clover]]<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Vicia]] angustifolia'' Reichard - Narrow-leaved Vetch<ref name="M"/>
 
'''[[Gentianaceae]]''' - ([[Gentian]] Family)
*''Gentianopsis crinita'' (Froelich) Ma (Syn. ''[[Gentiana crinita]]'') - [[Gentianopsis crinita|Fringed gentian]]<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> {G5, S1, E}
*''Sabatia angularis'' (L.) Pursh. - Rose Pink<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/>
*''Sabatia calycina'' (Lam.) A.A. Heller  -<ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Lamiaceae]]''' - (Mint Family)
*''[[Cunila origanoides]]'' (L.) Britton - Common Dittany<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Glechoma hederacea]]'' L. - Ground-ivy<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/>
*''[[Lamium amplexicaule]]'' L.- [[Lamium amplexicaule|Henbit]]
*''[[Lamium purpureum]]'' L. - [[Red Deadnettle]]
*''[[Prunella vulgaris]]'' L. - Heal-all, Self-heal<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Pycnanthemum]] flexuosum'' (Walter) BSP - Mountain-mint<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Pycnanthemum tenuifolium]]'' Schrader - Narrow-leaved Mountain-mint<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Scutellaria]] integrifolia'' L. - Hyssop Skullcap<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Trichostema]] brachiatum'' L. (Syn. ''Isanthus brachiatus'') - False Pennyroyal, Fluxweed <ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Linaceae]]''' - ([[Flax]] Family)
*''[[Linum]] medium'' (Planch.) Britton - Common Yellow Flax<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Linum]] sulcatum'' Riddel - Grooved Yellow Flax<ref name="We"/> {G5, S1, E}
*''[[Linum]] virginianum'' L. - Virginia Yellow Flax<ref name="F"/>
 
'''[[Lythraceae]]''' - ([[Lythrum|Loosestrife]] Family)
*''[[Cuphea viscosissima]]'' Jacq. - Clammy Cuphea<ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Melastomataceae]]''' - (Meadow-beauty Family)
*''[[Rhexia]] mariana'' L. - Maryland Meadow Beauty<ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Onagraceae]]''' - ([[Evening Primrose]] Family)
*''[[Epilobium]] coloratum'' Biehler - Purple-leaved Willow-herb<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Oenothera biennis]]'' L. - Common Evening Primrose<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/>
*''[[Oenothera]] fruticosa'' L. - Sundrops<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Oenothera]] perennis'' L. - Small Sundrops<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Oenothera]] tetragona'' Roth - Northern Sundrops<ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Orobanchaceae]]''' - ([[Broomrape]] Family)
*''[[Agalinis acuta]]'' Pennell - Sandplain [[Agalinis|Gerardia]]<ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/> {G1, S1, E, LE}
*''[[Agalinis]] fasciculata'' (Ell.) Raf. - Fascicled Agalinis<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/> {G5, S1, E}
*''[[Agalinis]] obtusifolia'' Raf. - Blunt-leaf Agalinis<ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> {G4, S1, E}
*''[[Agalinis purpurea]]'' (L.) Pinnell - Purple [[Agalinis|Gerardia]]<ref name="F"/><ref name="We"/>
*''[[Agalinis tenuifolia]]'' (M. Vahl) Raf. - Slender [[Agalinis|Gerardia]]<ref name="F"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/>
*''[[Aureolaria pedicularia]]'' (L.) Raf. - Fern-leaved False-foxglove<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Oxalidaceae]]''' - (Wood-sorrel Family)
*''[[Oxalis]] dillenii'' Jacquin - Southern Yellow Wood-sorrel<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Oxalis stricta]]'' L. - Common Yellow Wood-sorrel<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Oxalis]] violacea'' L. - Violet Wood-sorrel [EU]
 
'''[[Papaveraceae]]''' - ([[Poppy (flower)|Poppy]] Family)
*''[[Sanguinaria canadensis]]'' L. - [[Bloodroot]]<ref name="We"/>
 
'''[[Phrymaceae]]''' - ([[Lopseed]] Family)
*''[[Mimulus ringens]]'' L. - Square-stemmed Monkey Flower<ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/>
 
'''[[Phytolaccaceae]]''' - ([[Pokeweed]] Family)
*''[[Phytolacca americana]]'' L. - [[Pokeweed]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/>
 
'''[[Plantaginaceae]]''' - ([[Plantago|Plantain]] Family)
*''[[Chelone glabra]]'' L. - White Turtlehead<ref name="F"/>
*''[[Linaria vulgaris]]'' Hill. - Butter and eggs<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Penstemon digitalis]]'' Nutt. - Foxglove, Tall White Beard-tongue<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Plantago aristata]]'' Michx. - Bracted Plantain<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/>
*''[[Plantago lanceolata]]'' L. - [[Ribwort Plantain]]<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Plantago rugelii]]'' Dcne. - Broad-leaved Plantain<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/>
*''[[Veronica arvensis]]'' L. - Corn Speedwell<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Veronica hederifolia]]'' L. - Ivy-leaf Speedwell
*''[[Veronica officinalis]]'' L. - [[Heath Speedwell]]<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Veronica peregrina]]'' L. - Purslane Speedwell<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Veronica persica]]'' Poiret - Persian Speedwell, Bird's-eye Speedwell
*''[[Veronica serpyllifolia]]'' L. - Thyme-leaf Speedwell<ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Polemoniaceae]]''' - ([[Phlox]] Family)
*''[[Phlox]] subulata'' L. - [[Moss]] Phlox, Moss Pink<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Polygalaceae]]''' - ([[Milkwort]] Family)
*''[[Polygala]] verticillata'' L. - Whorled Milkwort<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Polygonaceae]]''' - ([[Buckwheat]] Family)
*''[[Polygonum pensylvanicum]]'' L. - Pennsylvania Smartweed<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Polygonum]] tenue'' Michx. - Slender Knotweed<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Rumex crispus]]'' L. - [[Curley Dock]]<ref name="M"/>
 
'''[[Portulacaceae]]''' - ([[Portulacaceae|Purslane]] Family)
*''[[Claytonia virginica]]'' L. - [[Eastern spring beauty]]<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Talinum]] teretifolium'' Pursh - Flameflower<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> {G4, S1}
 
'''[[Primulaceae]]''' - ([[Primulaceae|Primrose]] Family)
*''[[Anagallis arvensis]]'' L. - [[Scarlet Pimpernel]]<ref name="M"/>
 
'''[[Ranunculaceae]]''' - ([[Buttercup]] Family)
*''[[Anemone quinquefolia]]'' L. - Wood Anemone<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Cimicifuga racemosa]]'' (L.) Nutt. - [[Black cohosh]]<ref name="R"/>
*''[[Clematis virginiana]]'' L. - Virgin's Bower [Hand-out]
*''[[Hepatica]] americana'' (DC.) KerGawler - Round-lobed Hepatica<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Thalictrum thalictroides]]'' (L.) Eames & Boivin - [[Rue anemone]]<ref name="We"/>
 
'''[[Rosaceae]]''' - ([[Rose]] Family)
*''[[Potentilla]] canadensis'' L. - Dwarf Cinquefoil<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Potentilla]] norvegica'' L. - Rough Cinquefoil<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Potentilla]] recta'' L. - Rough-fruited Cinquefoil<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/>
*''[[Potentilla]] simplex'' Michx. - Common Cinquefoil<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Sanguisorba]] canadensis'' L. - Canadian Burnet<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/> {G5, S2, T}
 
'''[[Rubiaceae]]''' - ([[Rubia|Madder]] Family)
*''[[Houstonia caerulea]]'' L. (Syn. ''Hedyotis caerulea'') - Bluets, Quaker Ladies<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Houstonia purpurea]]'' L. (Syn. ''Hedyotis purpurea'') - Large Houstonia [Hand-out]
 
'''[[Santalaceae]]''' - ([[Sandalwood]] Family)
*''Comandra umbellata'' (L.) Nutt. - Bastard Toadflax<ref name="R"/>
 
'''[[Saxifragaceae]]''' - ([[Saxifrage]] Family)
*''[[Saxifraga virginiensis]]'' Michx. - Early Saxifrage<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Scrophulariaceae]]''' - ([[Figwort]] Family)
*''[[Verbascum blattaria]]'' L. - Moth Mullein<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Verbascum thapsus]]'' L. - [[Common Mullein]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Solanaceae]]''' - ([[Nightshade]] Family)
*''[[Solanum carolinense]]'' L. - [[Carolina horsenettle]]<ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/>
*''[[Solanum dulcamara]]'' L. - Bittersweet<ref name="M"/>
 
'''[[Urticaceae]]''' - ([[Urtica|Nettle]] Family)
*''[[Laportea canadensis]]'' (L.) Gray - Wood-nettle<ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Violaceae]]''' - ([[Violet (plant)|Violet]] Family)
*''[[Violet (plant)|Viola]] palmata'' L. - Palmate-leaved Violet<ref name="R"/>
*''[[Viola pedata]]'' L. - Bird's-foot Violet (lilac & bicolor)<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Viola rotundifolia]]'' Michx. - Yellow Violet<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Viola sagittata]]'' Aiton (Syn. ''V. fimbriatula'') - Arrow-leaf Violet<ref name="F"/><ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Viola sororia]]'' Willd. (Syn. ''V. papilionacea'') -  Common Blue Violet<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
 
Class '''[[Liliopsida]]''' - Monocotyledons
 
'''[[Amaryllidaceae]]''' - ([[Amaryllis]] Family)
*''[[Hypoxis hirsuta]]'' (L.) Coville - Yellow Stargrass<ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Araceae]]''' - ([[Arum]] Family)
*''[[Acorus calamus]]'' L. - [[Sweet Flag]], Calamus<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Arisaema triphyllum]]'' (L.) Schott - [[Arisaema triphyllum|Jack-in-the-Pulpit]]<ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Orontium aquaticum]]'' L. - Golden Club<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Symplocarpus foetidus]]'' (L.) Nutt.- [[Eastern Skunk Cabbage]]<ref name="We"/>
 
'''[[Commelinaceae]]''' - ([[Spiderwort]] Family)
*''[[Commelina communis]]'' L.- Asiatic Dayflower<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Tradescantia virginiana]]'' L. - Spiderwort<ref name="We"/>
 
'''[[Dioscoreaceae]]''' - ([[Yam (vegetable)|Yam]] Family)
*''[[Dioscorea villosa]]'' L. - [[Wild yam]]<ref name="Wo"/>


'''[[Iridaceae]]''' - ([[Iris (plant)|Iris]] Family)
===[[Typhaceae]] (Cattail Family) ===
*''[[Sisyrinchium angustifolium]]'' Mill.- Stout Blue-eyed Grass<ref name="R"/>
*''[[Typha latifolia]]'' L. - Broad-leaf Cat-tail [We]
*''[[Sisyrinchium]] atlanticum'' Bick. -<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Sisyrinchium]] mucronatum'' Michx. - Slender Blue-eyed Grass<ref name="M"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Lemnaceae]]''' - ([[Duckweed]] Family)
*''[[Lemna]] minor'' L. - Smaller Duckweed<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Spirodela]] polyrhiza'' (L.) Schleid. - Greater Duckweed<ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Liliaceae]]''' - ([[Lily]] Family)
*''[[Allium canadense]]'' L. - [[Meadow Garlic]]<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Allium vineale]]'' L. - [[Crow Garlic]]<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Asparagus officinalis]]'' L. - Garden [[Asparagus]]<ref name="M"/>
*''[[Hemerocallis fulva]]'' L. - Orange Daylily<ref name="M"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Lilium superbum]]'' L. - Turk's-cap Lily<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Ornithogalum umbellatum]]'' L. - Star-of-Bethlehem<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Polygonatum biflorum]]'' (Walt.) Ell. - Smooth Solomon's-seal<ref name="R"/>
*''[[Maianthemum racemosum]]'' (L.) Link &nbsp; Syn. ''Smilicina racemosa'' - False Solomon's Seal<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Veratrum viride]]'' Ait. - [[Green false hellebore]]<ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Orchidaceae]]''' - ([[Orchid]] Family)
*''[[Cypripedium acaule]]'' Aiton - Pink Lady's Slipper<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Galearis spectabilis]]'' L. - Showy Orchis<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Goodyera pubescens]]'' (Willd.) R. Br. - Downy Rattlesnake Plantain<ref name="We"/>
*''[[Liparis loeselii]]'' (L.) Richard - Loesel's Twayblade<ref name="R"/><ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Spiranthes cernua]]'' (L.) Richard - Nodding Ladies'-tresses<ref name="Wo"/>
*''[[Spiranthes lacera]]'' (Raf.) Raf. (Syn. ''S. gracilis'') - Slender Ladies'-tresses<ref name="F"/><ref name="R"/><ref name="We"/><ref name="Wo"/>
 
'''[[Smilacaceae]]''' - ([[Smilax|Greenbrier]] Family)
*''[[Smilax herbacea]]'' L. - Carrion Flower<ref name="Wo"/>
 
==List of Woody Plants of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area==
 
===Division [[Pinophyta]] ([[Gymnosperms]])===
 
'''[[Cupressaceae]]''' - ([[Cupressaceae|Cypress]] Family)
*''[[Juniperus virginiana]]'' L. - [[Eastern Redcedar]] [M, We]
 
'''[[Pinaceae]]''' - ([[Pine]] Family)
*''[[Pinus pungens]]'' Lambert - [[Table Mountain Pine]] [We]
*''[[Pinus rigida]]'' Miller - [[Pitch Pine]] [We]
*''[[Pinus virginiana]]'' Mill. - [[Virginia Pine]] [M, We, Wo]
*''[[Tsuga canadensis]]'' (L.) Carrière - [[Eastern Hemlock]] [We]


----
----


===Division [[Magnoliophyta]] ([[Angiosperms]])===
==See also==
;Class [[Magnoliopsida]] ([[Dicotyledons]])
;''Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area''
 
*[[Ferns and fern allies of Soldiers Delight]]
'''[[Aceraceae]]''' - ([[Maple]] Family)
*[[Lichens of Soldiers Delight]]
*''[[Acer negundo]]'' L. - [[Boxelder]] [We, Wo]
*[[Woody Plants of Soldiers Delight]]
*''[[Acer platanoides]]'' L. - [[Norway Maple]] [We]
*[[Wildflowers of Soldiers Delight]]
*''[[Acer rubrum]]'' L. - [[Red Maple]] [M, We, Wo]
;''Maryland + U.S.''
 
*[[Lichens of Maryland]]
'''[[Anacardiaceae]]''' - ([[Cashew]] Family)
*[[Natural Environment Area (Maryland)]]
*''[[Rhus glabra]]'' L. - [[Smooth Sumac]] [M]
*[[:Category:Grasses of the United States|Grasses of the United States]]
*''[[Rhus typhina]]'' L. - [[Staghorn sumac]] [M, We]
*''[[Toxicodendron radicans]]'' L. - [[Poison ivy]] [M, We, Wo]
 
'''[[Berberidaceae]]''' - ([[Barberry]] Family)
*''[[Berberis canadensis]]'' Miller - [[American Barberry]] [R] [G3, SH, X]
*''[[Berberis thunbergii]]'' DC. - [[Japanese Barberry]] [EU]
*''[[Berberis vulgaris]]'' L. - Common or [[European Barberry]] [We]
 
'''[[Betulaceae]]''' - ([[Birch]] Family)
*''[[Alnus serrulata]]'' (Aiton) Willd. - [[Smooth Alder]] [Wo]
*''[[Alnus viridis]]'' (Villars) Lam. - Green or [[Mountain Alder]] [M]
*''[[Betula lenta]]'' L. - Sweet or Black Birch [Wo]
*''[[Betula nigra]]'' L. - [[River Birch]] [We, Wo]
*''[[Betula populifolia]]'' Marshall - [[Gray Birch]] [Wo]
*''[[Carpinus caroliniana]]'' Walter - [[American Hornbeam]] [Wo]
*''[[Corylus americana]]'' Marsh. - [[American Hazelnut]] [Wo]
 
'''[[Caprifoliaceae]]''' - ([[Honeysuckle]] Family)
*[[Lonicera × bella|''Lonicera'' × ''bella'']] Zabel - Hybrid Honeysuckle [M]
*''[[Lonicera japonica]]'' Thunb. - [[Japanese Honeysuckle]] [M]
*''[[Viburnum dentatum]]'' var. ''lucidum'' Aiton - [[Viburnum dentatum|Arrow-wood]] [M, R]
*''[[Viburnum acerifolium]]'' L. - [[Maple-leaf Viburnum]] [We]
 
'''[[Celastraceae]]''' - (Staff-tree Family)
*''[[Celastrus orbiculatus]]'' Thunb. - [[Oriental Bittersweet]] [EU]
*''[[Celastrus scandens]]'' L. - [[American Bittersweet]] [We]
 
'''[[Cornaceae]]''' - ([[Dogwood]] Family)
*''[[Cornus florida]]'' L. - [[Flowering Dogwood]] [M, We]
*''[[Nyssa sylvatica]]'' Marsh. - Blackgum, [[Black Tupelo]] [We, Wood]
 
'''[[Ebenaceae]]''' - ([[Ebony]] Family)
*''[[Diospyros virginiana]]'' L. - [[Persimmon]] [We]
 
'''[[Elaeagnaceae]]''' - ([[Oleaster Family]])
*''[[Elaeagnus umbellata]]'' Thunb. - [[Autumn Olive]] [We]
 
'''[[Ericaceae]]''' - ([[Heath]] Family)
*''[[Chimaphila maculata]]'' (L.) Pursh. - [[Spotted Wintergreen]] [M, R, We]
*''[[Chimaphila umbellata]]'' (L.) Barton - [[Chimaphila umbellata|Pipsissewa]] [M, R, We]
*''[[Epigaea repens]]'' L. - [[Trailing Arbutus]] [We]
*''[[Gaultheria procumbens]]'' L. - [[Wintergreen]] [Wood]
*''[[Gaylussacia baccata]]'' (Wang.) K.Koch - [[Black Huckleberry]] [M, We, Wo]
*''[[Gaylussacia dumosa]]'' (Andr.) T. & G. - [[Dwarf Huckleberry]] [Wood]
*''[[Kalmia latifolia]]'' L. - [[Kalmia latifolia|Mountain Laurel]] [M, We, Wo]
*''[[Vaccinium stamineum]]'' L. - [[Dewberry]] [M, We, Wo]
*''[[Vaccinium vacillans]]'' Torrey - [[Low Blueberry]] [M]
*'''[[Fabaceae]]''' - ([[Legume]] Family)
*''[[Cercis canadensis]]'' L. - [[Redbud]] [We]
*''[[Robinia pseudoacacia]]'' L. - [[Black Locust]] [M, We, Wo]
*'''[[Fagaceae]]''' - ([[Beech]] Family)
*''[[Castanea dentata]]'' (Marshall) Borkh. - [[American Chestnut]] [We, Wo] [G4, S2]
*''[[Castanea mollissima]]'' Blume - [[Castanea mollissima|Chinese Chestnut]] [We]
*''[[Castanea pumila]]'' (L.) Miller - [[Castanea pumila|Chinquapin]] [We, Wo]
*''[[Quercus alba]]'' L. - White Oak [Wood, Wo]
*''[[Quercus ilicifolia]]'' Wang. - [[Bear Oak]] [We, Wo]
*''[[Quercus marilandica]]'' Muenchh. - [[Blackjack Oak]] [M]
*''[[Quercus montana]]'' Willd. - [[Chestnut oak]] [We, Wo]
*''[[Quercus prinoides]]'' Willd. - [[Chinquapin Oak]] [M]
*''[[Quercus rubra]]'' L. - [[Northern Red Oak]] [We]
*''[[Quercus stellata]]'' Wang. - [[Post Oak]] [M, Wo]
*''[[Quercus velutina]]'' Lam. - [[Quercus velutina|black oak]]  [M, Wo]
*''Quercus'' x ''bushii'' Sarg. - Oak [M]
 
'''[[Hamamelidaceae]]''' - ([[Witch-hazel]] Family)
*''[[Hamamelis]] virginiana'' L. - [[Witch-hazel]] [We]
 
'''[[Juglandaceae]]''' - ([[Walnut]] Family)
*''[[Carya cordiformis]]'' (Wangenh.) K. Koch - [[Bitternut Hickory]] [We]
*''[[Carya glabra]]'' (Miller) Sweet - [[Pignut Hickory]] [Wo]
*''[[Carya tomentosa]]'' (Lam.) Nutt. - [[Mockernut Hickory]] [We, Wood, Wo]
*''[[Juglans nigra]]'' L. - [[Black Walnut]] [We, Wo]
'''[[Lauraceae]]''' - (Laurel Family)
*''[[Lindera benzoin]]'' Blume - [[Spicebush]] [M, R, We]
*''[[Sassafras albidum]]'' (Nutt.) Nees - [[Sassafras]] [M, R, We, Wo]
'''[[Magnoliaceae]]''' - ([[Magnolia]] Family)
*''[[Liriodendron tulipifera]]'' L. - [[Tulip Tree]], [[Yellow poplar]] [We, Wo]
'''[[Platanaceae]]''' - ([[Plane-tree]] Family)
*''[[Platanus occidentalis]]'' L. - [[American Sycamore]] [We]
 
'''[[Rosaceae]]''' - ([[Rose]] Family)
*''[[Amelanchier arborea]]'' (Michx.) Fern. - [[Downy Serviceberry]] [M, We]
*''[[Physocarpus opulifolius]]'' (L.) Maxim. - [[Ninebark]] [R]
*''[[Prunus cerasus]]'' L. - [[Sour Cherry]] [We]
*''[[Prunus pumila]]'' L. - [[Sand Cherry]] [M]
*''[[Prunus]] pumila'' var. ''cuneata'' (Raf.) L.H. Bailey - Eastern Dwarf Cherry [We] {G5, SU}
*''[[Prunus serotina]]'' Ehrh. - [[Prunus serotina|black cherry]] [M, We, Wo]
*''[[Pyrus malus]]'' L. - [[Apple]] [M, We]
*''[[Rosa carolina]]'' L. - [[Pasture Rose]] [We]
*''[[Rosa multiflora]]'' Thunb. - [[Multiflora Rose]] [We]
*''[[Rosa virginiana]]'' Miller - [[Virginia Rose]] [M, We]
*''[[Rubus allegheniensis]]'' T.C. Porter - [[Common Blackberry]] [R]
*''[[Rubus argutus]]'' Link. - [[Tall Blackberry]] [M]
*''[[Rubus cuneifolius]]'' Pursh - [[Sand Blackberry]] [Wood]
*''[[Rubus flagellaris]]'' Willd. - Common or [[Northern Dewberry]] [M, R]
*''[[Rubus hispidus]]'' L. - [[Swamp Dewberry]] [M]
*''[[Rubus idaeus]]'' L. - [[Red Raspberry]] [M]
*''[[Rubus phoenicolasius]]'' Maxim. - [[Rubus phoenicolasius|Wineberry]] [We]
*''[[Spiraea alba]]'' Du Roi - [[Narrow-leaved Meadow-sweet]] [M]
 
'''[[Salicaceae]]''' - ([[Willow]] Family)
*''[[Populus deltoides]]'' Marsh. - [[Eastern Cottonwood]] [Wood]
*''[[Populus grandidentata]]'' Michx. - [[Large-toothed Aspen]] [We, Wo]
*''[[Populus tremuloides]]'' Michx. - [[Quaking Aspen]] [We]
*''[[Salix nigra]]'' Marshall - [[Black Willow]] [Wo]
*''[[Salix serissima]]'' (L.H. Bailey) Fern. - [[Autumn Willow]] [Wo]
*''[[Salix occidentalis]]'' Walter - [[Dwarf Prairie Willow]] [R, We, Wo]


'''[[Simaroubaceae]]''' - ([[Quassia]] Family)
{{commons category|Flora of Maryland}}
*''[[Ailanthus altissima]]'' (Mill.) Swingle - [[Tree-of-heaven]] [Wo]


'''[[Vitaceae]]''' - ([[Grape]] Family)
==References==
*''[[Parthenocissus quinquefolia]]'' (L.) Planch. - [[Virginia Creeper]] [M, R, We]
{{Reflist}}
*''[[Vitis rotundifolia]]'' Michx. - [[Muscadines]] [M]
*Brown, Melvin L. and Russell G. Brown. 1984. ''Herbaceous Plants of Maryland.'' Port City Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1127 pages.
*Davis, Charles A. 2004. ''List of Plants of Soldier's Delight.'' (Unpublished).
*[F] &nbsp; Fleming, Cristol, Marion B. Lobstein and Barbara Tufty. 1995.  ''Finding Wildflowers in the Washington-Baltimore Area.'' The Johns Hopskins University Press, Baltimore and London, 312 pages.
*Gleason, Henry A., and Arthur Cronquist. 1991. ''Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada.'' (Second Edition) The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, 910 pages.
*Google Hybrid Map. 2006. Target building, Soldiers Delight Visitor Center. [https://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&t=h&om=0&z=18&ll=39.410062,-76.838945&spn=0.001127,0.002425]
*Holmgren, Noel H. 1998. ''Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern U. S. and Adjacent Canada.'' The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, 937 pages.
*Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2003. ''Explanation of Rank and Status Codes.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20050404115443/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/rte/rank_status.pdf]
*Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2004. ''Current and Historical Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Baltimore County, Maryland.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20060925193348/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/rte/rte04baltco.pdf]
*[M] &nbsp; Monteferrante, Frank. 1973. ''A Phytosociological Study of Soldiers Delight, Baltimore County, Maryland.'' Towson State College, Towson, Maryland.
*[R] &nbsp; Reed, Clyde F. 1984. ''Floras of the Serpentinite Formations in Eastern North America, with descriptions of geomorphology and mineralogy of the formations.'' Reed Herbarium, Baltimore, Maryland.
*[We] &nbsp; Wennerstrom, Jack. 1995. ''Soldiers Delight Journal - Exploring a Globally Rare Ecosystem.'' University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg and London, 247 pages.
*[Wo] &nbsp; Worthley, Elmer G. 1955-1985. ''List of Plants of Soldier's Delight.'' Unpublished.


;Class [[Liliopsida]] ([[Monocotyledons]])
==External links==
{{commons category|Poales}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071210143105/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiersguide.html Maryland Dept. Natural Resources — "Guide to the Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area"]
*[http://home.comcast.net/~ed_uebel/SD_plants.html Ongoing Survey List of Plants of Soldier's Delight]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}


'''[[Smilacaceae]]''' - ([[Smilax|Greenbrier]] Family)
[[Category:Grasses of the United States|.Soldiers Delight]]
*''[[Smilax glauca]]'' Walt. - [[Glaucous Greenbrier]] [M, R, We, Wo]
[[Category:Lists of flora of Maryland|Soldiers Delight]]
*''[[Smilax hispida]]'' Muhl. - [[Bristly Greenbrier]] [Wo]
[[Category:Lists of graminoids]]
*''[[Smilax rotundifolia]]'' L. - [[Common Greenbrier]] [M, R, We, Wo]
[[Category:Protected areas of Baltimore County, Maryland|Soldiers Delight related]]
[[Category:Grasslands of the United States|Soldiers Delight]]

Latest revision as of 11:08, 3 May 2021

The Graminoids of Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area, located in western Baltimore County, Maryland.[1] Graminoids, within the order of Poales, include: grasses (Poaceae), sedges (Cyperaceae), rushes (Juncaceae), and cattails (Typhaceae). [2]

Introduction

Much of the area of the Soldiers Delight NEA, which totals Template:Convert of protected land, contains a serpentine barren that contains a number of rare and endangered species of plants.[3]

The Graminoids list was developed using the following publications, with authors' acronyms indicated:
[F] Fleming et al. 1995, [M] Monteferrante 1973, [R] Reed 1984, [We] Wennerstrom 1995, and the unpublished data by [Wo] Worthley 1955-1985.

List of Graminoids of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area

Division Magnoliophyta; Class Liliopsida—Monocotyledons; Order Poales.

Families

Cyperaceae (Sedge Family)

  • Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke - Thread-leaf Beak-sedge[Wo]
  • Carex bicknellii Britt. - Bicknell's Sedge [Wo]
  • Carex bullata Schkuhr - Button Sedge [M, R]
  • Carex caroliniana Schwein. - Carolina Sedge [Wo]
  • Carex cephalophora Muhl. - Oval-headed Sedge [Wo]
  • Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. - Hirsute Sedge [M, R, Wo]
  • Carex convoluta Mackenzie? - [R]
  • Carex flaccosperma Dewey - Thin-fruited Sedge [R, Wo]
  • Carex hystericina Muhl. - Porcupine Sedge, Bottlebrush Sedge [R] {G5, S1, E}
  • Carex lupulina Muhl. - Hop Sedge [Wo]
  • Carex lurida Wahl. - Lurid Sedge, Sallow Sedge [Wo]
  • Carex nigromarginata Schwein. - Black-edge Sedge [Wo]
  • Carex pensylvanica Lam. - Pennsylvania Sedge [R, Wo]
  • Carex richardsonii R. Br. - Richardson's Sedge {G4, S1, E}
  • Carex rosea Schkuhr - Rosy Sedge, Stellate Sedge, Curly-Styled Wood Sedge [M, R]
  • Carex seorsa E.C. Howe - Weak Stellate Sedge [R]
  • Carex swanii (Fern.) Mackenzie - Swan's Sedge, Downy Green Sedge [Wo]
  • Carex umbellata Schk. - Parasol Sedge, Early Oak Sedge [R]
  • Cyperus esculentus L. - Yellow nutsedge [Wo]
  • Cyperus strigosus L.- Straw-colored Cyperus, Straw-colored Flat-sedge [M, R, Wo]
  • Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schultes - Kill Cow, Slender Spikerush [M, R, Wo]
  • Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roemer & Schultes - Blunt Spikerush, Ovate Spikerush [Wo]
  • Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roemer & Schultes - Annual Fimbry [M, R, We, Wo]
  • Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) R. & S. - Autumn Sedge, Slender Fimbry [M, R]
  • Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl - White Beak-rush [M, R, Wo]
  • Scirpus atrovirens Willd. - Black Bulrush, Dark Green Bulrush [M, Wo]
  • Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth - Woolgrass [Wo]
  • Scirpus hattorianus Makino - Early Dark-green Bulrush, Mosquito Bulrush [R]
  • Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl.) A. & D. Löve - Great Bulrush, Soft-stem Bulrush [M, R]
  • Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. - Carolina Whipgrass, Few-flower Nutrush [M, R, Wo]

Juncaceae (Rush Family)

  • Juncus acuminatus Michx. - Tapertip Rush, Sharp-fruited Rush, Knotty Leaf Rush [Wo]
  • Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. - Short-tailed Rush, Narrow-panicle Rush [M] {G5, S2}
  • Juncus bufonius L. - Toad Rush [M, Wo]
  • Juncus canadensis J. Gay - Canada Rush [M, Wo]
  • Juncus dichotomus Elliott (Syn. Juncus tenuis Willd. var. dichotomus (Elliott) A. Wood) - Forked Rush [Wo]
  • Juncus dudley Wiegand (Syn. Juncus tenuis Willd. var. dudleyi (Weig.) F.J. Herm.) - Dudley's Rush [R, Wo]
  • Juncus effusus L. - Common or Soft rush [Wo]
  • Juncus secundus Beauv. - Lopsided Rush, Nodding Rush [M, R, Wo]
  • Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Conv. & Blake - Tailed Rush [M, R]
  • Juncus tenuis Willd. - Path Rush, Slender rush, Poverty Rush, Field Rush [M, R, We, Wo]
  • Luzula bulbosa (Wood.) Rydb. - Bulbous Woodrush [Wo]

Poaceae (Grass Family)

Typhaceae (Cattail Family)

See also

Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area
Maryland + U.S.

Template:Commons category

References

  • Brown, Melvin L. and Russell G. Brown. 1984. Herbaceous Plants of Maryland. Port City Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1127 pages.
  • Davis, Charles A. 2004. List of Plants of Soldier's Delight. (Unpublished).
  • [F]   Fleming, Cristol, Marion B. Lobstein and Barbara Tufty. 1995. Finding Wildflowers in the Washington-Baltimore Area. The Johns Hopskins University Press, Baltimore and London, 312 pages.
  • Gleason, Henry A., and Arthur Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. (Second Edition) The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, 910 pages.
  • Google Hybrid Map. 2006. Target building, Soldiers Delight Visitor Center. [1]
  • Holmgren, Noel H. 1998. Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern U. S. and Adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, 937 pages.
  • Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2003. Explanation of Rank and Status Codes. [2]
  • Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 2004. Current and Historical Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Baltimore County, Maryland. [3]
  • [M]   Monteferrante, Frank. 1973. A Phytosociological Study of Soldiers Delight, Baltimore County, Maryland. Towson State College, Towson, Maryland.
  • [R]   Reed, Clyde F. 1984. Floras of the Serpentinite Formations in Eastern North America, with descriptions of geomorphology and mineralogy of the formations. Reed Herbarium, Baltimore, Maryland.
  • [We]   Wennerstrom, Jack. 1995. Soldiers Delight Journal - Exploring a Globally Rare Ecosystem. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburg and London, 247 pages.
  • [Wo]   Worthley, Elmer G. 1955-1985. List of Plants of Soldier's Delight. Unpublished.

External links

Template:Commons category

  1. ↑ “Discover How Scientists Have Recreated the Benefits of Insects' Compound Eyes as Compound Lenses.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/video/216533/Artificial-bug-eyes-could-lead-to-new-vision-systems. dnr.state.md: SDNEA guide Template:Webarchive
  2. ↑ dnr.state.md: SDNEA Features
  3. ↑ [4] gsa.confex.com: Serpentine
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