Terrestrial ecology - Revision history

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	'''Decomposers'''		'''Decomposers'''

	"Decomposers," are organisms who feed on dead plant and animal material and also feed on waste. Decomposers break down and partly digest organic material. This feeding process aids in the maintenance of [[Nutrient Cycling]] and restoration of rich soil. ''Nutrient Cycling'' is the moving of organic and inorganic materials through an ecosystem, to provide nutrients. For example, earthworms feed on live and dead organic material. [[Earthworm]] secretions primarily create the organic composition of the "O Horizon," a layer of organic soil that classifies an ecosystem's Soil [[Properties]]. This was found to be true by Charles Darwin, who studied soil or [[Vegetable Mould]] and its decomposers. The soil properties directly affect the biotic factors within an ecosystem and largely influence the decomposers of the ecosystem. There are three types of decomposers, ''Protists'', ''Fungi'', and ''Bacteria''.		"Decomposers," are organisms who feed on dead plant and animal material and also feed on waste. Decomposers break down and partly digest organic material. This feeding process aids in the maintenance of [[Nutrient Cycling]] and restoration of rich soil. ''Nutrient Cycling'' is the moving of organic and inorganic materials through an ecosystem, to provide nutrients. For example, earthworms feed on live and dead organic material. [[Earthworm]] secretions primarily create the organic composition of the "O Horizon," a layer of organic soil that classifies an ecosystem's Soil [[Properties]]. This was found to be true by [[Charles Darwin]], who studied soil or [[Vegetable Mould]] and its decomposers. The soil properties directly affect the biotic factors within an ecosystem and largely influence the decomposers of the ecosystem. There are three types of decomposers, ''Protists'', ''Fungi'', and ''Bacteria''.

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	----		----
	Terrestrial ecosystems can be categorized through ''biotic'' and ''abiotic'' factors. The interactions that occur between biotic and abiotic factors can help us to better understand what is happening within a particular ecosystem and to further classify those factors and the ecosystem itself. Biotic factors or biological factors are the autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers of a particular ecosystem. You may remember these as producers or autotrophs, consumers or heterotrophs, and decomposers or detrivores. These biotic factors evidence the differentiation in ecosystems and biomes, for example and in most cases, an autotroph that typically lives in a cold, wet climate would not be able to survive in a hot, dry climate such as a desert or savanna. Abiotic factors are physical components to a ecosystem and these components affect the biological diversity. In short, abiotic factors directly affect biotic factors. Abiotic factors are the unique aspects of the climate, the weather, the type of [[soil]] in the region, and the water within the ecosystem. An example of this may be the type of soil within an ecosystem, whether it is [[silt]], [[clay]],[[loam]], silt loam, [[sand]], sand loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, and etc. A widely accepted method to classifying the type of soil through [[Soil Textures]] and this can present evidence of unique characteristics of [[Soil Structures]] within different ecosystems.		Terrestrial ecosystems can be categorized through ''biotic'' and ''abiotic'' factors. The interactions that occur between biotic and abiotic factors can help us to better understand what is happening within a particular ecosystem and to further classify those factors and the ecosystem itself. Biotic factors or biological factors are the autotrophs, heterotrophs, and [[decomposers]] of a particular ecosystem. You may remember these as producers or autotrophs, consumers or heterotrophs, and decomposers or detrivores. These biotic factors evidence the differentiation in ecosystems and biomes, for example and in most cases, an autotroph that typically lives in a cold, wet climate would not be able to survive in a hot, dry climate such as a desert or savanna. Abiotic factors are physical components to a ecosystem and these components affect the biological diversity. In short, abiotic factors directly affect biotic factors. Abiotic factors are the unique aspects of the climate, the weather, the type of [[soil]] in the region, and the water within the ecosystem. An example of this may be the type of soil within an ecosystem, whether it is [[silt]], [[clay]],[[loam]], silt loam, [[sand]], sand loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, and etc. A widely accepted method to classifying the type of soil through [[Soil Textures]] and this can present evidence of unique characteristics of [[Soil Structures]] within different ecosystems.


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	Climate: Wet, humid season. Dry season.		Climate: Wet, humid season. Dry season.

	Freshwater swamps and marshes are the most productive ecosystems on land. The lower elevation and warm, humid climate creates an ecosystem that is very productive in the simultaneous relationship between biotic and abiotic factors. Marshes resupply groundwater and they manage the flow of water to streams. Marshes play a vital role near "watersheds" by reducing the amount of damage from flooding and this is done through the storing of excess water. Marshes regulate extra sediments and pollutants through [[decomposition]] and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms and vegetation feed on the excess nutrients provided by the extra sediments and pollutants such as nitrogen or phosphorous from fertilizers, a very relevant challenge within pollution in agriculture. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna or plants and animals within wetlands. Flora and fauna are the biotic factors within ecosystems or the autotrophs and heterotrophs. The abiotic factors like the humid climate, overly saturated soil, and excess water directly affect the flora and fauna within swamps and marshes. Specifically, freshwater marshes, show the greatest efficiency and productivity for nutrient cycling and converting of resources than any other ecosystem. For example, [[Black Willow]], a type of tree that has roots made for taking in moisture and for living in soil that has a high level of moisture, like the wetlands. Decomposers play a vital role in the nutrient cycling and carbon distribution within a freshwater marsh. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, are most common within fresh water marshes, these decomposers convert a large amount of plant litter or "detritus" into Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen as a result of respiration and nitrogen fixing. Respiration occurs at a more productive rate within wet climates opposed to dry climates. When the fungi develop mycorrhizal relationships with plants, in an ecosystem that is humid and has excess water in the soil, the plants and fungus in theory would be working at a greater level of productivity. With more active plants, come higher levels of nutrients. For herbivores, this can create a competitive ecosystem for both space and nutrients. Many [[insects]] live in swamps and marshes and many feed on plants. The mycorrhizal relationships within swamps and marshes are not only great for nutrient cycling but also defense against these insects. The fungi release spores that can kill the insects trying to eat Another adaptation and protection against abiotic factors, are [[Flavonoids]]. [[Flavonoids]] are within all plants on Earth and they provide protection against UV, Protection against invasive pathogens, and signaling symbiosis. The flora and fauna within an ecosystem have developed adaptations to aid in interaction with both biotic and abiotic factors within their ecosystem. The biotic and abiotic factors have a unique symbiotic relationship that allows organisms to coincide with each other and their environment and this is what makes studying terrestrial ecology so interesting.		Freshwater swamps and marshes are the most productive ecosystems on land. The lower elevation and warm, humid climate creates an ecosystem that is very productive in the simultaneous relationship between biotic and abiotic factors. Marshes resupply groundwater and they manage the flow of water to streams. Marshes play a vital role near "watersheds" by reducing the amount of damage from flooding and this is done through the storing of excess water. Marshes regulate extra sediments and pollutants through [[decomposition]] and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms and vegetation feed on the excess nutrients provided by the extra sediments and pollutants such as nitrogen or phosphorous from fertilizers, a very relevant challenge within pollution in [[agriculture]]. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna or plants and animals within wetlands. Flora and fauna are the biotic factors within ecosystems or the autotrophs and heterotrophs. The abiotic factors like the humid climate, overly saturated soil, and excess water directly affect the flora and fauna within swamps and marshes. Specifically, freshwater marshes, show the greatest efficiency and productivity for nutrient cycling and converting of resources than any other ecosystem. For example, [[Black Willow]], a type of tree that has roots made for taking in moisture and for living in soil that has a high level of moisture, like the wetlands. Decomposers play a vital role in the nutrient cycling and carbon distribution within a freshwater marsh. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, are most common within fresh water marshes, these decomposers convert a large amount of plant litter or "detritus" into Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen as a result of respiration and nitrogen fixing. Respiration occurs at a more productive rate within wet climates opposed to dry climates. When the fungi develop mycorrhizal relationships with plants, in an ecosystem that is humid and has excess water in the soil, the plants and fungus in theory would be working at a greater level of productivity. With more active plants, come higher levels of nutrients. For herbivores, this can create a competitive ecosystem for both space and nutrients. Many [[insects]] live in swamps and marshes and many feed on plants. The mycorrhizal relationships within swamps and marshes are not only great for nutrient cycling but also defense against these insects. The fungi release spores that can kill the insects trying to eat Another adaptation and protection against abiotic factors, are [[Flavonoids]]. [[Flavonoids]] are within all plants on Earth and they provide protection against UV, Protection against invasive pathogens, and signaling symbiosis. The flora and fauna within an ecosystem have developed adaptations to aid in interaction with both biotic and abiotic factors within their ecosystem. The biotic and abiotic factors have a unique symbiotic relationship that allows organisms to coincide with each other and their environment and this is what makes studying terrestrial ecology so interesting.

	== References ==		== References ==

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2022-05-06T18:04:42Z

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	Lahr, Dan. 2014. March, 12. "Testate Amoeba CSI." https://testateamoebaeresearch.wordpress.com/category/dan-lahr/		Lahr, Dan. 2014. March, 12. "Testate Amoeba CSI." https://testateamoebaeresearch.wordpress.com/category/dan-lahr/

	Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17. "Mycorrhizae: Boost Plant Growth and Yield." http://www.mantisplantprotection.com/mycorrhizae-boost-plant-growth-yield/		Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17. "[[Mycorrhizae]]: Boost Plant Growth and Yield." http://www.mantisplantprotection.com/mycorrhizae-boost-plant-growth-yield/

	Miklos, Claudio. 2011. October, 29. "Euglena Diagram." https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17172675		Miklos, Claudio. 2011. October, 29. "Euglena Diagram." https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17172675

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2021-04-29T17:08:46Z

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	== References ==		== References ==

	Adl, M.S., V.V.S.R. Gupta. 2006, July. "Protists in soil ecology and forest nutrient cycling." http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A149615503/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&xid=dff4638c.		Adl, M.S., V.V.S.R. Gupta. 2006, July. "Protists in [[Soil Ecology\|soil ecology]] and forest nutrient cycling." http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A149615503/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&xid=dff4638c.

	Beacom, Betsy. 2017, April 25. "Food Chains In Deciduous Forests." https://sciencing.com/food-chains-deciduous-forest-7449795.html		Beacom, Betsy. 2017, April 25. "[[Food chains\|Food Chains]] In Deciduous Forests." https://sciencing.com/food-chains-deciduous-forest-7449795.html

	Blanchfield, Deirdre S. 2011 June, 13. "Biotic community." http://ic.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=&displayGroupName=Reference&docIndex=&source=&prodId=&mode=view&limiter=&display-query=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&windowstate=normal&currPage=&dviSelectedPage=&scanId=&query=&search_within_results=&p=SCIC&catId=&u=sunybuff_main&displayGroups=&documentId=GALE%7CCV2644151534&activityType=BasicSearch&failOverType=&commentary=		Blanchfield, Deirdre S. 2011 June, 13. "Biotic community." http://ic.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=&displayGroupName=Reference&docIndex=&source=&prodId=&mode=view&limiter=&display-query=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&windowstate=normal&currPage=&dviSelectedPage=&scanId=&query=&search_within_results=&p=SCIC&catId=&u=sunybuff_main&displayGroups=&documentId=GALE%7CCV2644151534&activityType=BasicSearch&failOverType=&commentary=
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	https://www.slideshare.net/ERCJPP/characteristics-of-living-things-50750349		https://www.slideshare.net/ERCJPP/characteristics-of-living-things-50750349

	Kayaken. 2017. March, 3. "Awesome Photos Of Nitrogen Cycle Apbio Werle Ecology Ch 50 55" http://big5kayakchallenge.com/photos-of-nitrogen-cycle/awesome-photos-of-nitrogen-cycle-apbio-werle-ecology-ch-50-55/		Kayaken. 2017. March, 3. "Awesome Photos Of [[Nitrogen cycle\|Nitrogen Cycle]] Apbio Werle Ecology Ch 50 55" http://big5kayakchallenge.com/photos-of-nitrogen-cycle/awesome-photos-of-nitrogen-cycle-apbio-werle-ecology-ch-50-55/

	Lahr, Dan. 2014. March, 12. "Testate Amoeba CSI." https://testateamoebaeresearch.wordpress.com/category/dan-lahr/		Lahr, Dan. 2014. March, 12. "Testate Amoeba CSI." https://testateamoebaeresearch.wordpress.com/category/dan-lahr/

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2021-04-29T17:05:52Z

Seperreg at 16:57, 15 April 2019

2019-04-15T16:57:40Z

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	Chemoautotrophs are said to be mainly found within the ocean and in the intestines of animals.		Chemoautotrophs are said to be mainly found within the ocean and in the intestines of animals.

	''Photoautotrophs'' are plants and bacteria that contain "chloroplasts" and chloroplasts are able to create energy by converting energy from photons into chemical energy in sugars or other molecules. This occurs in process of [[photosynthesis]]. Photoautotrophs play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems because they are a major provider in energy or food to animals. Plants or photoautotrophs are the primary or base within a food chain pyramid. However there are factors that make each ecosystem unique, so primary or base photoautotrophs will be different within different ecosystems.		''Photoautotrophs'' are plants and bacteria that contain "chloroplasts" and chloroplasts are able to create energy by converting energy from photons into chemical energy in sugars or other molecules. This occurs in process of photosynthesis. Photoautotrophs play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems because they are a major provider in energy or food to animals. Plants or photoautotrophs are the primary or base within a food chain pyramid. However there are factors that make each ecosystem unique, so primary or base photoautotrophs will be different within different ecosystems.

	Autotrophs can be differentiated by the type of energy they use. ''Chemoautotrophs'' use '''chemical energy''' and ''Photoautotrophs'' use '''light energy'''.		Autotrophs can be differentiated by the type of energy they use. ''Chemoautotrophs'' use '''chemical energy''' and ''Photoautotrophs'' use '''light energy'''.

Seperreg at 16:57, 15 April 2019

2019-04-15T16:57:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 15 April 2019
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	Chemoautotrophs are said to be mainly found within the ocean and in the intestines of animals.		Chemoautotrophs are said to be mainly found within the ocean and in the intestines of animals.

	''Photoautotrophs'' are plants and bacteria that contain "chloroplasts" and chloroplasts are able to create energy by converting energy from photons into chemical energy in sugars or other molecules. This occurs in process of photosynthesis. Photoautotrophs play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems because they are a major provider in energy or food to animals. Plants or photoautotrophs are the primary or base within a food chain pyramid. However there are factors that make each ecosystem unique, so primary or base photoautotrophs will be different within different ecosystems.		''Photoautotrophs'' are plants and bacteria that contain "chloroplasts" and chloroplasts are able to create energy by converting energy from photons into chemical energy in sugars or other molecules. This occurs in process of [[photosynthesis]]. Photoautotrophs play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems because they are a major provider in energy or food to animals. Plants or photoautotrophs are the primary or base within a food chain pyramid. However there are factors that make each ecosystem unique, so primary or base photoautotrophs will be different within different ecosystems.

	Autotrophs can be differentiated by the type of energy they use. ''Chemoautotrophs'' use '''chemical energy''' and ''Photoautotrophs'' use '''light energy'''.		Autotrophs can be differentiated by the type of energy they use. ''Chemoautotrophs'' use '''chemical energy''' and ''Photoautotrophs'' use '''light energy'''.

Njlohret: /* References */

2018-05-07T18:22:29Z

References

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	Moreno, J. Perez. Read. D.J. 2003. March, 3. "Mycorrhizas and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems- A Journey Towards Relevance." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/doi/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00704.x/full		Moreno, J. Perez. Read. D.J. 2003. March, 3. "Mycorrhizas and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems- A Journey Towards Relevance." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/doi/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00704.x/full

	Richardson, Curtis J. 2010, October 1. "The Everglades: North America's Subtropical Wetland." http://ll3md4hy6n.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.~~88-2004~~&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%~~3AUTF-8~~&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Everglades%3A+North+America%27s+subtropical+wetland&rft.jtitle=Wetlands+Ecology+and+Management&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Curtis+J&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.pub=Springer&rft.issn=0923-4861&rft.eissn=1572-9834&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=517&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11273-009-9156-4&rft.externalDBID=BSHEE&rft.externalDocID=238262864&paramdict=en-US		Richardson, Curtis J. 2010, October 1. "The Everglades: North America's Subtropical Wetland." http://ll3md4hy6n.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.882004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Everglades%3A+North+America%27s+subtropical+wetland&rft.jtitle=Wetlands+Ecology+and+Management&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Curtis+J&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.pub=Springer&rft.issn=0923-4861&rft.eissn=1572-9834&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=517&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11273-009-9156-4&rft.externalDBID=BSHEE&rft.externalDocID=238262864&paramdict=en-US

	University of Michigan. 2017. October, 20. "Microbes: Transformers of Matter and Material." https://globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/microbes/microbes.html		University of Michigan. 2017. October, 20. "Microbes: Transformers of Matter and Material." https://globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/microbes/microbes.html

Njlohret: /* References */

2018-05-07T18:21:51Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:21, 7 May 2018
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	Geyer,Wayne A. Row, John M. 2010, May. "Black Willow." https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_sani.pdf		Geyer,Wayne A. Row, John M. 2010, May. "Black Willow." https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_sani.pdf


	Lerner. K Lee. Lerner. Brenda Wilmoth. 2014 The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. "Autotroph." http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644030216/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&xid=14fc9a52.		Lerner. K Lee. Lerner. Brenda Wilmoth. 2014 The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. "Autotroph." http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644030216/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&xid=14fc9a52.

Njlohret: /* Putting It All Together */

2018-05-06T18:06:23Z

Putting It All Together

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:06, 6 May 2018
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	Climate: Wet, humid season. Dry season.		Climate: Wet, humid season. Dry season.

	Freshwater swamps and marshes are the most productive ecosystems on land. The lower elevation and warm, humid climate creates an ecosystem that is very productive in the simultaneous relationship between biotic and abiotic factors. Marshes resupply groundwater and they manage the flow of water to streams. Marshes play a vital role near "watersheds" by reducing the amount of damage from flooding and this is done through the storing of excess water. Marshes regulate extra sediments and pollutants through decomposition and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms and vegetation feed on the excess nutrients provided by the extra sediments and pollutants such as nitrogen or phosphorous from fertilizers, a very relevant challenge within pollution in agriculture. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna or plants and animals within wetlands. Flora and fauna are the biotic factors within ecosystems or the autotrophs and heterotrophs. The abiotic factors like the humid climate, overly saturated soil, and excess water directly affect the flora and fauna within swamps and marshes. Specifically, freshwater marshes, show the greatest efficiency and productivity for nutrient cycling and converting of resources than any other ecosystem. For example, [[Black Willow]], a type of tree that has roots made for taking in moisture and for living in soil that has a high level of moisture, like the wetlands. Decomposers play a vital role in the nutrient cycling and carbon distribution within a freshwater marsh. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, are most common within fresh water marshes, these decomposers convert a large amount of plant litter or "detritus" into Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen as a result of respiration and nitrogen fixing. Respiration occurs at a more productive rate within wet climates opposed to dry climates. When the fungi develop mycorrhizal relationships with plants, in an ecosystem that is humid and has excess water in the soil, the plants and fungus in theory would be working at a greater level of productivity. With more active plants, come higher levels of nutrients. For herbivores, this can create a competitive ecosystem for both space and nutrients. Many insects live in swamps and marshes and many feed on plants. The mycorrhizal relationships within swamps and marshes are not only great for nutrient cycling but also defense against these insects. The fungi release spores that can kill the insects trying to eat Another adaptation and protection against abiotic factors, are [[Flavonoids]]. [[Flavonoids]] are within all plants on Earth and they provide protection against UV, Protection against invasive pathogens, and signaling symbiosis. The flora and fauna within an ecosystem have developed adaptations to aid in interaction with both biotic and abiotic factors within their ecosystem. The biotic and abiotic factors have a unique symbiotic relationship that allows organisms to coincide with each other and their environment and this is what makes studying terrestrial ecology so interesting.		Freshwater swamps and marshes are the most productive ecosystems on land. The lower elevation and warm, humid climate creates an ecosystem that is very productive in the simultaneous relationship between biotic and abiotic factors. Marshes resupply groundwater and they manage the flow of water to streams. Marshes play a vital role near "watersheds" by reducing the amount of damage from flooding and this is done through the storing of excess water. Marshes regulate extra sediments and pollutants through decomposition and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms and vegetation feed on the excess nutrients provided by the extra sediments and pollutants such as nitrogen or phosphorous from fertilizers, a very relevant challenge within pollution in agriculture. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna or plants and animals within wetlands. Flora and fauna are the biotic factors within ecosystems or the autotrophs and heterotrophs. The abiotic factors like the humid climate, overly saturated soil, and excess water directly affect the flora and fauna within swamps and marshes. Specifically, freshwater marshes, show the greatest efficiency and productivity for nutrient cycling and converting of resources than any other ecosystem. For example, [[Black Willow]], a type of tree that has roots made for taking in moisture and for living in soil that has a high level of moisture, like the wetlands. Decomposers play a vital role in the nutrient cycling and carbon distribution within a freshwater marsh. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, are most common within fresh water marshes, these decomposers convert a large amount of plant litter or "detritus" into Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen as a result of respiration and nitrogen fixing. Respiration occurs at a more productive rate within wet climates opposed to dry climates. When the fungi develop mycorrhizal relationships with plants, in an ecosystem that is humid and has excess water in the soil, the plants and fungus in theory would be working at a greater level of productivity. With more active plants, come higher levels of nutrients. For herbivores, this can create a competitive ecosystem for both space and nutrients. Many [[insects]] live in swamps and marshes and many feed on plants. The mycorrhizal relationships within swamps and marshes are not only great for nutrient cycling but also defense against these insects. The fungi release spores that can kill the insects trying to eat Another adaptation and protection against abiotic factors, are [[Flavonoids]]. [[Flavonoids]] are within all plants on Earth and they provide protection against UV, Protection against invasive pathogens, and signaling symbiosis. The flora and fauna within an ecosystem have developed adaptations to aid in interaction with both biotic and abiotic factors within their ecosystem. The biotic and abiotic factors have a unique symbiotic relationship that allows organisms to coincide with each other and their environment and this is what makes studying terrestrial ecology so interesting.

	== References ==		== References ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:05, 29 April 2021
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	== '''Defining and Researching Terrestrial Ecology''' ==		== '''Defining and Researching Terrestrial Ecology''' ==
	'''''Terrestrial Ecology''''' specifies the relations of organisms and their physical environment on land. Terrestrial Ecology can be further defined through categorization of terrestrial biomes and terrestrial ecosystems. Interaction is the main factor in understanding what is happening in an ecosystem. When studying and researching terrestrial ecosystems look for specific factors that are unique from one another, such as the '''Biotic''' and '''Abiotic''' factors. The interactions between these factors are unique and can help you to understand a particular process and ecosystem, and affect the benefits that humans gain within an ecosystem through [[essential ecosystem services]].		'''''Terrestrial [[Ecology]]''''' specifies the relations of [[organisms]] and their physical environment on land. Terrestrial Ecology can be further defined through categorization of terrestrial [[biomes]] and terrestrial ecosystems. Interaction is the main factor in understanding what is happening in an ecosystem. When studying and researching terrestrial ecosystems look for specific factors that are unique from one another, such as the '''Biotic''' and '''Abiotic''' factors. The interactions between these factors are unique and can help you to understand a particular process and ecosystem, and affect the benefits that humans gain within an ecosystem through [[essential ecosystem services]].

	= '''Terrestrial Ecosystems vs Terrestrial Biomes''' =		= '''Terrestrial Ecosystems vs Terrestrial Biomes''' =
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	Terrestrial ecosystems can be categorized through ''biotic'' and ''abiotic'' factors. The interactions that occur between biotic and abiotic factors can help us to better understand what is happening within a particular ecosystem and to further classify those factors and the ecosystem itself. Biotic factors or biological factors are the autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers of a particular ecosystem. You may remember these as producers or autotrophs, consumers or heterotrophs, and decomposers or detrivores. These biotic factors evidence the differentiation in ecosystems and biomes, for example and in most cases, an autotroph that typically lives in a cold, wet climate would not be able to survive in a hot, dry climate such as a desert or savanna. Abiotic factors are physical components to a ecosystem and these components affect the biological diversity. In short, abiotic factors directly affect biotic factors. Abiotic factors are the unique aspects of the climate, the weather, the type of soil in the region, and the water within the ecosystem. An example of this may be the type of soil within an ecosystem, whether it is silt, clay,[[loam]], silt loam, sand, sand loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, and etc. A widely accepted method to classifying the type of soil through [[Soil Textures]] and this can present evidence of unique characteristics of [[Soil Structures]] within different ecosystems.		Terrestrial ecosystems can be categorized through ''biotic'' and ''abiotic'' factors. The interactions that occur between biotic and abiotic factors can help us to better understand what is happening within a particular ecosystem and to further classify those factors and the ecosystem itself. Biotic factors or biological factors are the autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers of a particular ecosystem. You may remember these as producers or autotrophs, consumers or heterotrophs, and decomposers or detrivores. These biotic factors evidence the differentiation in ecosystems and biomes, for example and in most cases, an autotroph that typically lives in a cold, wet climate would not be able to survive in a hot, dry climate such as a desert or savanna. Abiotic factors are physical components to a ecosystem and these components affect the biological diversity. In short, abiotic factors directly affect biotic factors. Abiotic factors are the unique aspects of the climate, the weather, the type of [[soil]] in the region, and the water within the ecosystem. An example of this may be the type of soil within an ecosystem, whether it is [[silt]], [[clay]],[[loam]], silt loam, [[sand]], sand loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, and etc. A widely accepted method to classifying the type of soil through [[Soil Textures]] and this can present evidence of unique characteristics of [[Soil Structures]] within different ecosystems.


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	''Heterotrophs'' are living organisms that gain energy and nutrition through consuming other organisms. The organisms form cells and body parts by using nutrients as "building blocks." [[Animals]] and most microorganisms are heterotrophs that can be classified by the organisms they consume. Humans are considered to be heterotrophs, we rely heavily on other organisms. For example, a large portion to most of our diets, [[Monocots]] are grains such as barley, rice and wheat. These grains are in many of the products we consume on a daily basis and even for every meal such as bread or even rice. Even fruits like coconut, pineapples and dates, can be classified as Monocots. Heterotrophs are secondary and tertiary consumers.		''Heterotrophs'' are living organisms that gain energy and nutrition through consuming other organisms. The organisms form cells and body parts by using nutrients as "building blocks." [[Animals]] and most [[microorganisms]] are heterotrophs that can be classified by the organisms they consume. Humans are considered to be heterotrophs, we rely heavily on other organisms. For example, a large portion to most of our diets, [[Monocots]] are grains such as barley, rice and wheat. These grains are in many of the products we consume on a daily basis and even for every meal such as bread or even rice. Even fruits like coconut, pineapples and dates, can be classified as Monocots. Heterotrophs are secondary and tertiary consumers.

	''Herbivore'': Organisms that eat plants		''Herbivore'': Organisms that eat plants
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	'''Decomposers'''		'''Decomposers'''

	"Decomposers," are organisms who feed on dead plant and animal material and also feed on waste. Decomposers break down and partly digest organic material. This feeding process aids in the maintenance of [[Nutrient Cycling]] and restoration of rich soil. ''Nutrient Cycling'' is the moving of organic and inorganic materials through an ecosystem, to provide nutrients. For example, earthworms feed on live and dead organic material. Earthworm secretions primarily create the organic composition of the "O Horizon," a layer of organic soil that classifies an ecosystem's Soil [[Properties]]. This was found to be true by Charles Darwin, who studied soil or [[Vegetable Mould]] and its decomposers. The soil properties directly affect the biotic factors within an ecosystem and largely influence the decomposers of the ecosystem. There are three types of decomposers, ''Protists'', ''Fungi'', and ''Bacteria''.		"Decomposers," are organisms who feed on dead plant and animal material and also feed on waste. Decomposers break down and partly digest organic material. This feeding process aids in the maintenance of [[Nutrient Cycling]] and restoration of rich soil. ''Nutrient Cycling'' is the moving of organic and inorganic materials through an ecosystem, to provide nutrients. For example, earthworms feed on live and dead organic material. [[Earthworm]] secretions primarily create the organic composition of the "O Horizon," a layer of organic soil that classifies an ecosystem's Soil [[Properties]]. This was found to be true by Charles Darwin, who studied soil or [[Vegetable Mould]] and its decomposers. The soil properties directly affect the biotic factors within an ecosystem and largely influence the decomposers of the ecosystem. There are three types of decomposers, ''Protists'', ''Fungi'', and ''Bacteria''.



	'''"Protists,"''' a single celled organism. Protists look for dead insects or other microorganisms to eat. There are four important types of protists: Flagelletes, Naked Amoeba, Testate Amoeba, and Cilliates.		'''"Protists,"''' a single celled organism. Protists look for dead insects or other microorganisms to eat. There are four important types of protists: Flagelletes, Naked [[Amoeba]], Testate Amoeba, and Cilliates.


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	(Miklos, Claudio. 2011 October, 29)		(Miklos, Claudio. 2011 October, 29)

	[[File:amoeba.jpg\|100px\|]]''Naked Amoeba'': Less common in dry soil and they eat everything. They look like a splattered, blob of jelly.		[[File:amoeba.jpg\|100px\|]]''[[Naked Amoeba]]'': Less common in dry soil and they eat everything. They look like a splattered, blob of jelly.

	(EnchantedLearning.com, Copyright2001-2016)		(EnchantedLearning.com, Copyright2001-2016)
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	Climate: Wet, humid season. Dry season.		Climate: Wet, humid season. Dry season.

	Freshwater swamps and marshes are the most productive ecosystems on land. The lower elevation and warm, humid climate creates an ecosystem that is very productive in the simultaneous relationship between biotic and abiotic factors. Marshes resupply groundwater and they manage the flow of water to streams. Marshes play a vital role near "watersheds" by reducing the amount of damage from flooding and this is done through the storing of excess water. Marshes regulate extra sediments and pollutants through decomposition and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms and vegetation feed on the excess nutrients provided by the extra sediments and pollutants such as nitrogen or phosphorous from fertilizers, a very relevant challenge within pollution in agriculture. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna or plants and animals within wetlands. Flora and fauna are the biotic factors within ecosystems or the autotrophs and heterotrophs. The abiotic factors like the humid climate, overly saturated soil, and excess water directly affect the flora and fauna within swamps and marshes. Specifically, freshwater marshes, show the greatest efficiency and productivity for nutrient cycling and converting of resources than any other ecosystem. For example, [[Black Willow]], a type of tree that has roots made for taking in moisture and for living in soil that has a high level of moisture, like the wetlands. Decomposers play a vital role in the nutrient cycling and carbon distribution within a freshwater marsh. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, are most common within fresh water marshes, these decomposers convert a large amount of plant litter or "detritus" into Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen as a result of respiration and nitrogen fixing. Respiration occurs at a more productive rate within wet climates opposed to dry climates. When the fungi develop mycorrhizal relationships with plants, in an ecosystem that is humid and has excess water in the soil, the plants and fungus in theory would be working at a greater level of productivity. With more active plants, come higher levels of nutrients. For herbivores, this can create a competitive ecosystem for both space and nutrients. Many [[insects]] live in swamps and marshes and many feed on plants. The mycorrhizal relationships within swamps and marshes are not only great for nutrient cycling but also defense against these insects. The fungi release spores that can kill the insects trying to eat Another adaptation and protection against abiotic factors, are [[Flavonoids]]. [[Flavonoids]] are within all plants on Earth and they provide protection against UV, Protection against invasive pathogens, and signaling symbiosis. The flora and fauna within an ecosystem have developed adaptations to aid in interaction with both biotic and abiotic factors within their ecosystem. The biotic and abiotic factors have a unique symbiotic relationship that allows organisms to coincide with each other and their environment and this is what makes studying terrestrial ecology so interesting.		Freshwater swamps and marshes are the most productive ecosystems on land. The lower elevation and warm, humid climate creates an ecosystem that is very productive in the simultaneous relationship between biotic and abiotic factors. Marshes resupply groundwater and they manage the flow of water to streams. Marshes play a vital role near "watersheds" by reducing the amount of damage from flooding and this is done through the storing of excess water. Marshes regulate extra sediments and pollutants through [[decomposition]] and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms and vegetation feed on the excess nutrients provided by the extra sediments and pollutants such as nitrogen or phosphorous from fertilizers, a very relevant challenge within pollution in agriculture. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna or plants and animals within wetlands. Flora and fauna are the biotic factors within ecosystems or the autotrophs and heterotrophs. The abiotic factors like the humid climate, overly saturated soil, and excess water directly affect the flora and fauna within swamps and marshes. Specifically, freshwater marshes, show the greatest efficiency and productivity for nutrient cycling and converting of resources than any other ecosystem. For example, [[Black Willow]], a type of tree that has roots made for taking in moisture and for living in soil that has a high level of moisture, like the wetlands. Decomposers play a vital role in the nutrient cycling and carbon distribution within a freshwater marsh. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, are most common within fresh water marshes, these decomposers convert a large amount of plant litter or "detritus" into Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen as a result of respiration and nitrogen fixing. Respiration occurs at a more productive rate within wet climates opposed to dry climates. When the fungi develop mycorrhizal relationships with plants, in an ecosystem that is humid and has excess water in the soil, the plants and fungus in theory would be working at a greater level of productivity. With more active plants, come higher levels of nutrients. For herbivores, this can create a competitive ecosystem for both space and nutrients. Many [[insects]] live in swamps and marshes and many feed on plants. The mycorrhizal relationships within swamps and marshes are not only great for nutrient cycling but also defense against these insects. The fungi release spores that can kill the insects trying to eat Another adaptation and protection against abiotic factors, are [[Flavonoids]]. [[Flavonoids]] are within all plants on Earth and they provide protection against UV, Protection against invasive pathogens, and signaling symbiosis. The flora and fauna within an ecosystem have developed adaptations to aid in interaction with both biotic and abiotic factors within their ecosystem. The biotic and abiotic factors have a unique symbiotic relationship that allows organisms to coincide with each other and their environment and this is what makes studying terrestrial ecology so interesting.

	== References ==		== References ==
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	Blanchfield, Deirdre S. 2011 June, 13. "Biotic community." http://ic.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=&displayGroupName=Reference&docIndex=&source=&prodId=&mode=view&limiter=&display-query=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&windowstate=normal&currPage=&dviSelectedPage=&scanId=&query=&search_within_results=&p=SCIC&catId=&u=sunybuff_main&displayGroups=&documentId=GALE%7CCV2644151534&activityType=BasicSearch&failOverType=&commentary=		Blanchfield, Deirdre S. 2011 June, 13. "Biotic community." http://ic.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=&displayGroupName=Reference&docIndex=&source=&prodId=&mode=view&limiter=&display-query=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&windowstate=normal&currPage=&dviSelectedPage=&scanId=&query=&search_within_results=&p=SCIC&catId=&u=sunybuff_main&displayGroups=&documentId=GALE%7CCV2644151534&activityType=BasicSearch&failOverType=&commentary=

	Blanchfield, Deirdre S. Gale "Detritivores." 2016. May, 25. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644150372/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&xid=6309b795.		Blanchfield, Deirdre S. Gale "[[Detritivores]]." 2016. May, 25. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644150372/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&xid=6309b795.

	Biology-online.org. 2015, June 14. "Diazotroph." https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Diazotroph		Biology-online.org. 2015, June 14. "Diazotroph." https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Diazotroph
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	Picture References		Picture References

	AlexiSeptimus. "Tomato feat. Zygomycota" https://www.deviantart.com/art/Tomato-feat-Zygomycota-51107074		AlexiSeptimus. "Tomato feat. [[Zygomycota]]" https://www.deviantart.com/art/Tomato-feat-Zygomycota-51107074

	CSERC. Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center.		CSERC. Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center.