Symphyla - Revision history

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2025-05-01T18:46:24Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:46, 1 May 2025
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	== Description ==		== Description ==
	Symphylans are small pseudocentipedes in the phylum ''[[Arthropods\|Arthropoda]]'' and the subphylum ''[[Myriapoda]]''. Though they resemble centipedes, they are much smaller ranging in size from 2 to 30 millimeters depending on location, and are translucent in color [1]. Colored symphyla only occur when they absorb color from food, usually yellow or red [2]. Symphyla have two body regions, a head and a segmented trunk, containing a range of segments from 15-24 with 12 pair of legs throughout on the trunk which allow them to move rapidly throughout the [[soil]], and segmented antennae on the head [1]. Each leg has a stiff spine at the base, promoting movement, and a small sac, which allows for fluid exchange and regulation in the creature [2]. Younger symphylans only have 6 pairs of legs, but these increase to 12 throughout their lifetimes [1]. Symphylans also have a postantennal organ on their head region, similar to [[collembola]], and 3 mouth parts [1]. There are two families of symphylans, being the ''Scutigerellidae'' and the ''Scolopendrellidae'', which can only be easily differentiated by the rounded head of the ''Scutigerellidae'' opposed to the flatter of the ''Scolopendrellidae'' [2], and form a combined species total of around 200 [1]. Both families lack eyes and are blind, so their antennae serve as a sensory tool [1].		Symphylans are small pseudocentipedes in the phylum ''[[Arthropods\|Arthropoda]]'' and the subphylum ''[[Myriapoda]]''. Though they resemble centipedes, they are much smaller ranging in size from 2 to 30 millimeters depending on location, and are translucent in color [1]. Colored symphyla only occur when they absorb color from food, usually yellow or red [2]. Symphyla have two body regions, a head and a segmented trunk, containing a range of segments from 15-24 with 12 pair of legs throughout on the trunk which allow them to move rapidly throughout the [[soil]], and segmented antennae on the head [1]. Each leg has a stiff spine at the base, promoting movement, and a small sac, which allows for fluid exchange and regulation in the creature [2]. Younger symphylans only have 6 pairs of legs, but these increase to 12 throughout their lifetimes [1]. Symphylans also have a postantennal organ on their head region, similar to [[collembola]], and 3 mouth parts [1]. There are two families of symphylans, being the ''[[Scutigerellidae]]'' and the ''Scolopendrellidae'', which can only be easily differentiated by the rounded head of the ''Scutigerellidae'' opposed to the flatter of the ''Scolopendrellidae'' [2], and form a combined species total of around 200 [1]. Both families lack eyes and are blind, so their antennae serve as a sensory tool [1].

	== Life Cycle and Habitat==		== Life Cycle and Habitat==

Kawalsh at 19:09, 11 May 2022

2022-05-11T19:09:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:09, 11 May 2022
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	\|-		\|-
	! scope="row" \| Classification		! scope="row" \| Classification
	\| Animalia		\| [[Animals\|Animalia]]
	\| Arthropoda		\| [[Arthropods\|Arthropoda]]
	\| Myriapoda		\| [[Myriapoda]]
	\| Symphyla		\| Symphyla
	\|}		\|}
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	== Description ==		== Description ==
	Symphylans are small pseudocentipedes in the phylum Arthropoda and the subphylum [[Myriapoda]]. Though they resemble centipedes, they are much smaller ranging in size from 2 to 30 millimeters depending on location, and are translucent in color [1]. Colored symphyla only occur when they absorb color from food, usually yellow or red [2]. Symphyla have two body regions, a head and a segmented trunk, containing a range of segments from 15-24 with 12 pair of legs throughout on the trunk which allow them to move rapidly throughout the [[soil]], and segmented antennae on the head [1]. Each leg has a stiff spine at the base, promoting movement, and a small sac, which allows for fluid exchange and regulation in the creature [2]. Younger symphylans only have 6 pairs of legs, but these increase to 12 throughout their lifetimes [1]. Symphylans also have a postantennal organ on their head region, similar to [[collembola]], and 3 mouth parts [1]. There are two families of symphylans, being the ''Scutigerellidae'' and the ''Scolopendrellidae'', which can only be easily differentiated by the rounded head of the ''Scutigerellidae'' opposed to the flatter of the ''Scolopendrellidae'' [2], and form a combined species total of around 200 [1]. Both families lack eyes and are blind, so their antennae serve as a sensory tool [1].		Symphylans are small pseudocentipedes in the phylum ''[[Arthropods\|Arthropoda]]'' and the subphylum ''[[Myriapoda]]''. Though they resemble centipedes, they are much smaller ranging in size from 2 to 30 millimeters depending on location, and are translucent in color [1]. Colored symphyla only occur when they absorb color from food, usually yellow or red [2]. Symphyla have two body regions, a head and a segmented trunk, containing a range of segments from 15-24 with 12 pair of legs throughout on the trunk which allow them to move rapidly throughout the [[soil]], and segmented antennae on the head [1]. Each leg has a stiff spine at the base, promoting movement, and a small sac, which allows for fluid exchange and regulation in the creature [2]. Younger symphylans only have 6 pairs of legs, but these increase to 12 throughout their lifetimes [1]. Symphylans also have a postantennal organ on their head region, similar to [[collembola]], and 3 mouth parts [1]. There are two families of symphylans, being the ''Scutigerellidae'' and the ''Scolopendrellidae'', which can only be easily differentiated by the rounded head of the ''Scutigerellidae'' opposed to the flatter of the ''Scolopendrellidae'' [2], and form a combined species total of around 200 [1]. Both families lack eyes and are blind, so their antennae serve as a sensory tool [1].

	== Life Cycle and Habitat==		== Life Cycle and Habitat==

Kawalsh at 19:07, 11 May 2022

2022-05-11T19:07:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:07, 11 May 2022
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	== Feeding ==		== Feeding ==
	The quick moving symphyla primarily feed on decaying plant material and fungi, and are considered [[detritivores]], eating and helping to break down [[Organic Matter]] [1]. Some species can be herbivores and are considered pests to certain crops, such as ''Scutigerella immaculata'' or the garden centipede [1]. When available, they will feed on the seedlings or root fibers of these crops, causing damage [5]. Few species can be predatory [1]. More commonly however, they will consume dead plant and animal matter, which as mentioned can lead to a change in color from white or translucent to red or yellow.		The quick moving symphyla primarily feed on decaying plant material and fungi, and are considered [[detritivores]], eating and helping to break down [[Organic Matter\| organic matter]] [1]. Some species can be herbivores and are considered pests to certain crops, such as ''Scutigerella immaculata'' or the garden centipede [1]. When available, they will feed on the seedlings or root fibers of these crops, causing damage [5]. Few species can be predatory [1]. More commonly however, they will consume dead plant and animal matter, which as mentioned can lead to a change in color from white or translucent to red or yellow.

	== References ==		== References ==

Colincli: /* Description */

2022-05-11T02:45:51Z

Description

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:45, 10 May 2022
Line 21:		Line 21:

	== Description ==		== Description ==
	Symphylans are small pseudocentipedes in the phylum Arthropoda and the subphylum [[Myriapoda]]. Though they resemble centipedes, they are much smaller ranging in size from 2 to 30 millimeters depending on location, and are translucent in color [1]. Colored symphyla only occur when they absorb color from food, usually yellow or red [2]. Symphyla have two body regions, a head and a segmented trunk, containing a range of segments from 15-24 with 12 pair of legs throughout on the trunk which allow them to move rapidly throughout the [[soil]], and segmented antennae on the head [1]. Each leg has a stiff spine at the base, promoting movement, and a small sac, which allows for fluid exchange and regulation in the creature [2]. Younger symphylans only have 6 pairs of legs, but these increase to 12 throughout their lifetimes [1]. Symphylans also have a [[postantennal organ]] on their head region, similar to [[collembola]], and 3 mouth parts [1]. There are two families of symphylans, being the ''Scutigerellidae'' and the ''Scolopendrellidae'', which can only be easily differentiated by the rounded head of the ''Scutigerellidae'' opposed to the flatter of the ''Scolopendrellidae'' [2], and form a combined species total of around 200 [1]. Both families lack eyes and are blind, so their antennae serve as a sensory tool [1].		Symphylans are small pseudocentipedes in the phylum Arthropoda and the subphylum [[Myriapoda]]. Though they resemble centipedes, they are much smaller ranging in size from 2 to 30 millimeters depending on location, and are translucent in color [1]. Colored symphyla only occur when they absorb color from food, usually yellow or red [2]. Symphyla have two body regions, a head and a segmented trunk, containing a range of segments from 15-24 with 12 pair of legs throughout on the trunk which allow them to move rapidly throughout the [[soil]], and segmented antennae on the head [1]. Each leg has a stiff spine at the base, promoting movement, and a small sac, which allows for fluid exchange and regulation in the creature [2]. Younger symphylans only have 6 pairs of legs, but these increase to 12 throughout their lifetimes [1]. Symphylans also have a postantennal organ on their head region, similar to [[collembola]], and 3 mouth parts [1]. There are two families of symphylans, being the ''Scutigerellidae'' and the ''Scolopendrellidae'', which can only be easily differentiated by the rounded head of the ''Scutigerellidae'' opposed to the flatter of the ''Scolopendrellidae'' [2], and form a combined species total of around 200 [1]. Both families lack eyes and are blind, so their antennae serve as a sensory tool [1].

	== Life Cycle and Habitat==		== Life Cycle and Habitat==

Colincli: /* Life Cycle and Habitat */

2022-05-11T02:44:16Z

Life Cycle and Habitat

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 10 May 2022
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	== Life Cycle and Habitat==		== Life Cycle and Habitat==
	[[File:Symphyla_Eggs.jpg \|thumb\|left\| White, ridged eggs of the symphyla - ''Retrieved from'' https://twitter.com/invertophiles/status/1177470262129778689]]		[[File:Symphyla_Eggs.jpg \|thumb\|left\| White, ridged eggs of the symphyla - ''Retrieved from'' https://twitter.com/invertophiles/status/1177470262129778689]]
	Symphylan eggs can be found in any season, but typically the most eggs are found in the fall and early spring when weather is cooler [3]. Increasing egg numbers can also be found in April to August in the upper layers of the soil [4]. Eggs are white with predominant and interestingly shaped ridges when first laid, and turn a light tan color throughout their cycle [4], and can be produced in groups anywhere between 4 and 25. These eggs typically hatch in about 40 days [3], producing young symphylans or [[nymphs]]. This means that nymphs and adults are active in late fall to winter and the spring [4]. Nymphs have less trunk segments compared to adults, and only have 6 pairs of legs as opposed to 12. While life cycle and span depend on different conditions, such as soil temperatures, soil moistures, and [[Soil Structures\|soil structures]], it typically takes around 4 months for a nymph to progress into an adult in moderate conditions, meaning the full egg to adult process takes about 5 months [4]. These [[arthropods]] can be found worldwide but are predominant in the tropics, and are located in the northeast, north central, and western United States [3]. Since they cannot burrow holes into soil themselves, they rely on gaps created by [[plant roots]], and larger creatures such as the [[earthworm]], much like the other soil [[mesofauna]] [2]. There are usually one to two generations per year [3], and their full life cycle is typically 6 to 12 months, shedding their casings several times [2].		Symphylan eggs can be found in any season, but typically the most eggs are found in the fall and early spring when weather is cooler [3]. Increasing egg numbers can also be found in April to August in the upper layers of the soil [4]. Eggs are white with predominant and interestingly shaped ridges when first laid, and turn a light tan color throughout their cycle [4], and can be produced in groups anywhere between 4 and 25. These eggs typically hatch in about 40 days [3], producing young symphylans or nymphs. This means that nymphs and adults are active in late fall to winter and the spring [4]. Nymphs have less trunk segments compared to adults, and only have 6 pairs of legs as opposed to 12. While life cycle and span depend on different conditions, such as soil temperatures, soil moistures, and [[Soil Structures\|soil structures]], it typically takes around 4 months for a nymph to progress into an adult in moderate conditions, meaning the full egg to adult process takes about 5 months [4]. These [[arthropods]] can be found worldwide but are predominant in the tropics, and are located in the northeast, north central, and western United States [3]. Since they cannot burrow holes into soil themselves, they rely on gaps created by [[plant roots]], and larger creatures such as the [[earthworm]], much like the other soil [[mesofauna]] [2]. There are usually one to two generations per year [3], and their full life cycle is typically 6 to 12 months, shedding their casings several times [2].

	[[File:Red_Symphyla.jpeg \|thumb\| A Symphylan of reddish color due to feeding habits - ''Retrieved from'' https://www.chaosofdelight.org/symphyla]]		[[File:Red_Symphyla.jpeg \|thumb\| A Symphylan of reddish color due to feeding habits - ''Retrieved from'' https://www.chaosofdelight.org/symphyla]]

	== Feeding ==		== Feeding ==
	The quick moving symphyla primarily feed on decaying plant material and fungi, and are considered [[detritivores]], eating and helping to break down [[Organic Matter]] [1]. Some species can be herbivores and are considered pests to certain crops, such as ''Scutigerella immaculata'' or the garden centipede [1]. When available, they will feed on the seedlings or root fibers of these crops, causing damage [5]. Few species can be predatory [1]. More commonly however, they will consume dead plant and animal matter, which as mentioned can lead to a change in color from white or translucent to red or yellow.		The quick moving symphyla primarily feed on decaying plant material and fungi, and are considered [[detritivores]], eating and helping to break down [[Organic Matter]] [1]. Some species can be herbivores and are considered pests to certain crops, such as ''Scutigerella immaculata'' or the garden centipede [1]. When available, they will feed on the seedlings or root fibers of these crops, causing damage [5]. Few species can be predatory [1]. More commonly however, they will consume dead plant and animal matter, which as mentioned can lead to a change in color from white or translucent to red or yellow.

Colincli: /* Description */

2022-05-11T02:43:57Z

Description

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:43, 10 May 2022
Line 21:		Line 21:

	== Description ==		== Description ==
	Symphylans are small pseudocentipedes in the phylum [[Arthropoda]] and the subphylum [[Myriapoda]]. Though they resemble centipedes, they are much smaller ranging in size from 2 to 30 millimeters depending on location, and are translucent in color [1]. Colored symphyla only occur when they absorb color from food, usually yellow or red [2]. Symphyla have two body regions, a head and a segmented trunk, containing a range of segments from 15-24 with 12 pair of legs throughout on the trunk which allow them to move rapidly throughout the [[soil]], and segmented antennae on the head [1]. Each leg has a stiff spine at the base, promoting movement, and a small sac, which allows for fluid exchange and regulation in the creature [2]. Younger symphylans only have 6 pairs of legs, but these increase to 12 throughout their lifetimes [1]. Symphylans also have a [[postantennal organ]] on their head region, similar to [[collembola]], and 3 mouth parts [1]. There are two families of symphylans, being the ''Scutigerellidae'' and the ''Scolopendrellidae'', which can only be easily differentiated by the rounded head of the ''Scutigerellidae'' opposed to the flatter of the ''Scolopendrellidae'' [2], and form a combined species total of around 200 [1]. Both families lack eyes and are blind, so their antennae serve as a sensory tool [1].		Symphylans are small pseudocentipedes in the phylum Arthropoda and the subphylum [[Myriapoda]]. Though they resemble centipedes, they are much smaller ranging in size from 2 to 30 millimeters depending on location, and are translucent in color [1]. Colored symphyla only occur when they absorb color from food, usually yellow or red [2]. Symphyla have two body regions, a head and a segmented trunk, containing a range of segments from 15-24 with 12 pair of legs throughout on the trunk which allow them to move rapidly throughout the [[soil]], and segmented antennae on the head [1]. Each leg has a stiff spine at the base, promoting movement, and a small sac, which allows for fluid exchange and regulation in the creature [2]. Younger symphylans only have 6 pairs of legs, but these increase to 12 throughout their lifetimes [1]. Symphylans also have a [[postantennal organ]] on their head region, similar to [[collembola]], and 3 mouth parts [1]. There are two families of symphylans, being the ''Scutigerellidae'' and the ''Scolopendrellidae'', which can only be easily differentiated by the rounded head of the ''Scutigerellidae'' opposed to the flatter of the ''Scolopendrellidae'' [2], and form a combined species total of around 200 [1]. Both families lack eyes and are blind, so their antennae serve as a sensory tool [1].


	== Life Cycle and Habitat==		== Life Cycle and Habitat==

Kawalsh at 01:55, 11 May 2022

2022-05-11T01:55:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:55, 10 May 2022
Line 21:		Line 21:

	== Description ==		== Description ==
	Symphylans are small pseudocentipedes in the phylum Arthropoda and the subphylum [[Myriapoda]]. Though they resemble centipedes, they are much smaller ranging in size from 2 to 30 millimeters depending on location, and are translucent in color [1]. Colored symphyla only occur when they absorb color from food, usually yellow or red [2]. Symphyla have two body regions, a head and a segmented trunk, containing a range of segments from 15-24 with 12 pair of legs throughout on the trunk which allow them to move rapidly throughout the [[soil]], and segmented antennae on the head [1]. Each leg has a stiff spine at the base, promoting movement, and a small sac, which allows for fluid exchange and regulation in the creature [2]. Younger symphylans only have 6 pairs of legs, but these increase to 12 throughout their lifetimes [1]. Symphylans also have a postantennal organ on their head region, similar to [[collembola]], and 3 mouth parts [1]. There are two families of symphylans, being the ''Scutigerellidae'' and the ''Scolopendrellidae'', which can only be easily differentiated by the rounded head of the ''Scutigerellidae'' opposed to the flatter of the ''Scolopendrellidae'' [2], and form a combined species total of around 200 [1]. Both families lack eyes and are blind, so their antennae serve as a sensory tool [1].		Symphylans are small pseudocentipedes in the phylum [[Arthropoda]] and the subphylum [[Myriapoda]]. Though they resemble centipedes, they are much smaller ranging in size from 2 to 30 millimeters depending on location, and are translucent in color [1]. Colored symphyla only occur when they absorb color from food, usually yellow or red [2]. Symphyla have two body regions, a head and a segmented trunk, containing a range of segments from 15-24 with 12 pair of legs throughout on the trunk which allow them to move rapidly throughout the [[soil]], and segmented antennae on the head [1]. Each leg has a stiff spine at the base, promoting movement, and a small sac, which allows for fluid exchange and regulation in the creature [2]. Younger symphylans only have 6 pairs of legs, but these increase to 12 throughout their lifetimes [1]. Symphylans also have a [[postantennal organ]] on their head region, similar to [[collembola]], and 3 mouth parts [1]. There are two families of symphylans, being the ''Scutigerellidae'' and the ''Scolopendrellidae'', which can only be easily differentiated by the rounded head of the ''Scutigerellidae'' opposed to the flatter of the ''Scolopendrellidae'' [2], and form a combined species total of around 200 [1]. Both families lack eyes and are blind, so their antennae serve as a sensory tool [1].


	== Life Cycle and Habitat==		== Life Cycle and Habitat==
	[[File:Symphyla_Eggs.jpg \|thumb\|left\| White, ridged eggs of the symphyla - ''Retrieved from'' https://twitter.com/invertophiles/status/1177470262129778689]]		[[File:Symphyla_Eggs.jpg \|thumb\|left\| White, ridged eggs of the symphyla - ''Retrieved from'' https://twitter.com/invertophiles/status/1177470262129778689]]
	Symphylan eggs can be found in any season, but typically the most eggs are found in the fall and early spring when weather is cooler [3]. Increasing egg numbers can also be found in April to August in the upper layers of the soil [4]. Eggs are white with predominant and interestingly shaped ridges when first laid, and turn a light tan color throughout their cycle [4], and can be produced in groups anywhere between 4 and 25. These eggs typically hatch in about 40 days [3], producing young symphylans or nymphs. This means that nymphs and adults are active in late fall to winter and the spring [4]. Nymphs have less trunk segments compared to adults, and only have 6 pairs of legs as opposed to 12. While life cycle and span depend on different conditions, such as soil temperatures, soil moistures, and [[Soil Structures\|soil structures]], it typically takes around 4 months for a nymph to progress into an adult in moderate conditions, meaning the full egg to adult process takes about 5 months [4]. These [[arthropods]] can be found worldwide but are predominant in the tropics, and are located in the northeast, north central, and western United States [3]. Since they cannot burrow holes into soil themselves, they rely on gaps created by [[plant roots]], and larger creatures such as the [[earthworm]], much like the other soil [[mesofauna]] [2]. There are usually one to two generations per year [3], and their full life cycle is typically 6 to 12 months, shedding their casings several times [2].		Symphylan eggs can be found in any season, but typically the most eggs are found in the fall and early spring when weather is cooler [3]. Increasing egg numbers can also be found in April to August in the upper layers of the soil [4]. Eggs are white with predominant and interestingly shaped ridges when first laid, and turn a light tan color throughout their cycle [4], and can be produced in groups anywhere between 4 and 25. These eggs typically hatch in about 40 days [3], producing young symphylans or [[nymphs]]. This means that nymphs and adults are active in late fall to winter and the spring [4]. Nymphs have less trunk segments compared to adults, and only have 6 pairs of legs as opposed to 12. While life cycle and span depend on different conditions, such as soil temperatures, soil moistures, and [[Soil Structures\|soil structures]], it typically takes around 4 months for a nymph to progress into an adult in moderate conditions, meaning the full egg to adult process takes about 5 months [4]. These [[arthropods]] can be found worldwide but are predominant in the tropics, and are located in the northeast, north central, and western United States [3]. Since they cannot burrow holes into soil themselves, they rely on gaps created by [[plant roots]], and larger creatures such as the [[earthworm]], much like the other soil [[mesofauna]] [2]. There are usually one to two generations per year [3], and their full life cycle is typically 6 to 12 months, shedding their casings several times [2].

	[[File:Red_Symphyla.jpeg \|thumb\| A Symphylan of reddish color due to feeding habits - ''Retrieved from'' https://www.chaosofdelight.org/symphyla]]		[[File:Red_Symphyla.jpeg \|thumb\| A Symphylan of reddish color due to feeding habits - ''Retrieved from'' https://www.chaosofdelight.org/symphyla]]

Kawalsh at 01:44, 11 May 2022

2022-05-11T01:44:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:44, 10 May 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:Symphyla_Diagram.jpg \|thumb\| Symphyla, species ''Scutigerella immaculata'' - ''Retrieved from'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyla]]		[[File:Symphyla_Diagram.jpg \|thumb\|middle\| Symphyla, species ''Scutigerella immaculata'' - ''Retrieved from'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyla]]

	== Taxonomy ==		== Taxonomy ==

Kawalsh: /* References */

2022-05-11T01:42:39Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:42, 10 May 2022
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	== References ==		== References ==
			[1] Key to Australian freshwater and terrestrial [[invertebrates]]. (n.d.). . https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/TFI/start%20key/key/myriapoda%20key/Media/HTML/Symphyla.html.

			[2] Murray, A. (n.d.). All about symphyla. https://www.chaosofdelight.org/symphyla.

			[3] Berry, R. E. 1998. GARDEN SYMPHYLAN. https://ippc2.orst.edu/potato/.

			[4] GARDEN SYMPHYLAN LIFE CYCLE AND HABITS. (n.d.). . http://uspest.org/ipm/symp.html.

			[5] University, U. S. (n.d.). Sympylans (garden centipede). https://extension.usu.edu/vegetableguide/leafy-greens/garden-centipede.

Kawalsh at 01:33, 11 May 2022

2022-05-11T01:33:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:33, 10 May 2022
Line 28:		Line 28:
	Symphylan eggs can be found in any season, but typically the most eggs are found in the fall and early spring when weather is cooler [3]. Increasing egg numbers can also be found in April to August in the upper layers of the soil [4]. Eggs are white with predominant and interestingly shaped ridges when first laid, and turn a light tan color throughout their cycle [4], and can be produced in groups anywhere between 4 and 25. These eggs typically hatch in about 40 days [3], producing young symphylans or nymphs. This means that nymphs and adults are active in late fall to winter and the spring [4]. Nymphs have less trunk segments compared to adults, and only have 6 pairs of legs as opposed to 12. While life cycle and span depend on different conditions, such as soil temperatures, soil moistures, and [[Soil Structures\|soil structures]], it typically takes around 4 months for a nymph to progress into an adult in moderate conditions, meaning the full egg to adult process takes about 5 months [4]. These [[arthropods]] can be found worldwide but are predominant in the tropics, and are located in the northeast, north central, and western United States [3]. Since they cannot burrow holes into soil themselves, they rely on gaps created by [[plant roots]], and larger creatures such as the [[earthworm]], much like the other soil [[mesofauna]] [2]. There are usually one to two generations per year [3], and their full life cycle is typically 6 to 12 months, shedding their casings several times [2].		Symphylan eggs can be found in any season, but typically the most eggs are found in the fall and early spring when weather is cooler [3]. Increasing egg numbers can also be found in April to August in the upper layers of the soil [4]. Eggs are white with predominant and interestingly shaped ridges when first laid, and turn a light tan color throughout their cycle [4], and can be produced in groups anywhere between 4 and 25. These eggs typically hatch in about 40 days [3], producing young symphylans or nymphs. This means that nymphs and adults are active in late fall to winter and the spring [4]. Nymphs have less trunk segments compared to adults, and only have 6 pairs of legs as opposed to 12. While life cycle and span depend on different conditions, such as soil temperatures, soil moistures, and [[Soil Structures\|soil structures]], it typically takes around 4 months for a nymph to progress into an adult in moderate conditions, meaning the full egg to adult process takes about 5 months [4]. These [[arthropods]] can be found worldwide but are predominant in the tropics, and are located in the northeast, north central, and western United States [3]. Since they cannot burrow holes into soil themselves, they rely on gaps created by [[plant roots]], and larger creatures such as the [[earthworm]], much like the other soil [[mesofauna]] [2]. There are usually one to two generations per year [3], and their full life cycle is typically 6 to 12 months, shedding their casings several times [2].

			[[File:Red_Symphyla.jpeg \|thumb\| A Symphylan of reddish color due to feeding habits - ''Retrieved from'' https://www.chaosofdelight.org/symphyla]]
	== Feeding ==		== Feeding ==
	The quick moving symphyla primarily feed on decaying plant material and fungi, and are considered [[detritivores]], eating and helping to break down [[Organic Matter]] [1]. Some species can be herbivores and are considered pests to certain crops, such as ''Scutigerella immaculata'' or the garden centipede [1]. When available, they will feed on the seedlings or root fibers of these crops, causing damage [5]. Few species can be predatory [1]. More commonly however, they will consume dead plant and animal matter, which as mentioned can lead to a change in color from white or translucent to red or yellow.		The quick moving symphyla primarily feed on decaying plant material and fungi, and are considered [[detritivores]], eating and helping to break down [[Organic Matter]] [1]. Some species can be herbivores and are considered pests to certain crops, such as ''Scutigerella immaculata'' or the garden centipede [1]. When available, they will feed on the seedlings or root fibers of these crops, causing damage [5]. Few species can be predatory [1]. More commonly however, they will consume dead plant and animal matter, which as mentioned can lead to a change in color from white or translucent to red or yellow.

	== References ==		== References ==