Soil Horizons - Revision history

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	== A Horizon ==		== A Horizon ==
	The A Horizon is a well-weathered and fertile layer dominated by mineral particles but still rich in [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]], especially if covered by an O Horizon, which can leach decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]] into the A Horizon. This is a much thicker layer than the O Horizon, dominated by highly weathered mineral particles (the most highly weathered from the parent material of the soil), and typically darker and coarser than other Soil Horizons. (Elements pg. 53) The A Horizon is considered ''topsoil''. If this layer has [[properties]] of both an A and an E Horizon, it is considered an A Horizon if it is dominated by humidified organic matter. [4] Subterranean life (including microfauna, [[mesofauna]], and [[macrofauna]]) tends to be the most abundant in this layer due to the rich, soft, and well-weathered environment of the soil.		The A Horizon is a well-weathered and fertile layer dominated by mineral particles but still rich in [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]], especially if covered by an O Horizon, which can leach decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]] into the A Horizon. This is a much thicker layer than the O Horizon, dominated by highly weathered mineral particles (the most highly weathered from the parent material of the soil), and typically darker and coarser than other Soil Horizons. (Elements pg. 53) The A Horizon is considered ''topsoil''. If this layer has [[properties]] of both an A and an E Horizon, it is considered an A Horizon if it is dominated by humidified [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]. [4] Subterranean life (including microfauna, [[mesofauna]], and [[macrofauna]]) tends to be the most abundant in this layer due to the rich, soft, and well-weathered environment of the soil.

	== E Horizon ==		== E Horizon ==

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← Older revision		Revision as of 15:18, 2 May 2025
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	== A Horizon ==		== A Horizon ==
	The A Horizon is a well-weathered and fertile layer dominated by mineral particles but still rich in [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]], especially if covered by an O Horizon, which can leach decomposed organic matter into the A Horizon. This is a much thicker layer than the O Horizon, dominated by highly weathered mineral particles (the most highly weathered from the parent material of the soil), and typically darker and coarser than other Soil Horizons. (Elements pg. 53) The A Horizon is considered ''topsoil''. If this layer has [[properties]] of both an A and an E Horizon, it is considered an A Horizon if it is dominated by humidified organic matter. [4] Subterranean life (including microfauna, [[mesofauna]], and [[macrofauna]]) tends to be the most abundant in this layer due to the rich, soft, and well-weathered environment of the soil.		The A Horizon is a well-weathered and fertile layer dominated by mineral particles but still rich in [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]], especially if covered by an O Horizon, which can leach decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]] into the A Horizon. This is a much thicker layer than the O Horizon, dominated by highly weathered mineral particles (the most highly weathered from the parent material of the soil), and typically darker and coarser than other Soil Horizons. (Elements pg. 53) The A Horizon is considered ''topsoil''. If this layer has [[properties]] of both an A and an E Horizon, it is considered an A Horizon if it is dominated by humidified organic matter. [4] Subterranean life (including microfauna, [[mesofauna]], and [[macrofauna]]) tends to be the most abundant in this layer due to the rich, soft, and well-weathered environment of the soil.

	== E Horizon ==		== E Horizon ==

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2025-05-01T18:46:11Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:46, 1 May 2025
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	== A Horizon ==		== A Horizon ==
	The A Horizon is a well-weathered and fertile layer dominated by mineral particles but still rich in [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]], especially if covered by an O Horizon, which can leach decomposed organic matter into the A Horizon. This is a much thicker layer than the O Horizon, dominated by highly weathered mineral particles (the most highly weathered from the parent material of the soil), and typically darker and coarser than other Soil Horizons. (Elements pg. 53) The A Horizon is considered ''topsoil''. If this layer has [[properties]] of both an A and an E Horizon, it is considered an A Horizon if it is dominated by humidified organic matter. [4] Subterranean life (including microfauna, [[mesofauna]], and macrofauna) tends to be the most abundant in this layer due to the rich, soft, and well-weathered environment of the soil.		The A Horizon is a well-weathered and fertile layer dominated by mineral particles but still rich in [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]], especially if covered by an O Horizon, which can leach decomposed organic matter into the A Horizon. This is a much thicker layer than the O Horizon, dominated by highly weathered mineral particles (the most highly weathered from the parent material of the soil), and typically darker and coarser than other Soil Horizons. (Elements pg. 53) The A Horizon is considered ''topsoil''. If this layer has [[properties]] of both an A and an E Horizon, it is considered an A Horizon if it is dominated by humidified organic matter. [4] Subterranean life (including microfauna, [[mesofauna]], and [[macrofauna]]) tends to be the most abundant in this layer due to the rich, soft, and well-weathered environment of the soil.

	== E Horizon ==		== E Horizon ==

SOILSysop: /* References */

2024-06-17T17:53:27Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:53, 17 June 2024
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	== A Horizon ==		== A Horizon ==
	The A Horizon is a well-weathered and fertile layer dominated by mineral particles but still rich in organic matter, especially if covered by an O Horizon, which can leach decomposed organic matter into the A Horizon. This is a much thicker layer than the O Horizon, dominated by highly weathered mineral particles (the most highly weathered from the parent material of the soil), and typically darker and coarser than other Soil Horizons. (Elements pg. 53) The A Horizon is considered ''topsoil''. If this layer has [[properties]] of both an A and an E Horizon, it is considered an A Horizon if it is dominated by humidified organic matter. [4] Subterranean life (including microfauna, [[mesofauna]], and macrofauna) tends to be the most abundant in this layer due to the rich, soft, and well-weathered environment of the soil.		The A Horizon is a well-weathered and fertile layer dominated by mineral particles but still rich in [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]], especially if covered by an O Horizon, which can leach decomposed organic matter into the A Horizon. This is a much thicker layer than the O Horizon, dominated by highly weathered mineral particles (the most highly weathered from the parent material of the soil), and typically darker and coarser than other Soil Horizons. (Elements pg. 53) The A Horizon is considered ''topsoil''. If this layer has [[properties]] of both an A and an E Horizon, it is considered an A Horizon if it is dominated by humidified organic matter. [4] Subterranean life (including microfauna, [[mesofauna]], and macrofauna) tends to be the most abundant in this layer due to the rich, soft, and well-weathered environment of the soil.

	== E Horizon ==		== E Horizon ==
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	= References =		= References =
	[1] Brady, Nile C.; Weil, Ray R.. ''Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soil''. (Second Edition) Pearson Education, Inc. 2004. pg 53-55. Retrieved 2018-03-05...		[1] Brady, Nile C.; Weil, Ray R.. ''Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soil''. (Second Edition) Pearson Education, Inc. 2004. pg 53-55. Retrieved 2018-03-05.

	[2] Turenne, Jim. ''Soil Horizons (a Basic Power Point Presentation)''. Retrieved 2018-03-06. http://nesoil.com/properties/horizons/		[2] Turenne, Jim. ''Soil Horizons (a Basic Power Point Presentation)''. Retrieved 2018-03-06. http://nesoil.com/properties/horizons/

SOILSysop: /* References */

2024-06-17T17:53:17Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:53, 17 June 2024
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	== O Horizon ==		== O Horizon ==

	The O Horizon is composed of organic material that has accumulated and been modified (physically and chemically) over time, typically from the remains of plant and [[animals]] [1]. This horizon is most easily observed in soils that are rarely, if ever, disturbed and with plenty of foliage and/or [[organisms]] nearby to contribute to its development, such as forests. In more barren locations such as grasslands, an O Horizon is rarer. [1] Due to the fact that its presence is determined by external factors (outside of the original parent materials that form soils), it is the only layer not dominated by mineral substances. This layer has three well-accepted subordinate horizons: Oi (slightly decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), Oe (moderately decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), and Oa (highly decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]). [1] Microbial activity is high in this layer, utilizing the abundance of organic matter and [[decomposing]] it in ways that allow it to contribute to the soil profile.		The O Horizon is composed of organic material that has accumulated and been modified (physically and chemically) over time, typically from the remains of plant and [[animals]] [1]. This horizon is most easily observed in soils that are rarely, if ever, disturbed and with plenty of foliage and/or [[organisms]] nearby to contribute to its development, such as forests. In more barren locations such as grasslands, an O Horizon is rarer. [1] Due to the fact that its presence is determined by external factors (outside of the original parent materials that form soils), it is the only layer not dominated by mineral substances. This layer has three well-accepted subordinate horizons: Oi (slightly decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), Oe (moderately decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), and Oa (highly decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]). [1] Microbial activity is high in this layer, utilizing the abundance of [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]] and [[decomposing]] it in ways that allow it to contribute to the soil profile.

	== A Horizon ==		== A Horizon ==
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	= References =		= References =
	[1] Brady, Nile C.; Weil, Ray R.. ''Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soil''. (Second Edition) Pearson Education, Inc. 2004. pg 53-55. Retrieved 2018-03-05.		[1] Brady, Nile C.; Weil, Ray R.. ''Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soil''. (Second Edition) Pearson Education, Inc. 2004. pg 53-55. Retrieved 2018-03-05...

	[2] Turenne, Jim. ''Soil Horizons (a Basic Power Point Presentation)''. Retrieved 2018-03-06. http://nesoil.com/properties/horizons/		[2] Turenne, Jim. ''Soil Horizons (a Basic Power Point Presentation)''. Retrieved 2018-03-06. http://nesoil.com/properties/horizons/

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2024-06-17T17:31:43Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:31, 17 June 2024
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	== O Horizon ==		== O Horizon ==

	The O Horizon is composed of organic material that has accumulated and been modified (physically and chemically) over time, typically from the remains of plant and [[animals]] [1]. This horizon is most easily observed in soils that are rarely, if ever, disturbed and with plenty of foliage and/or [[organisms]] nearby to contribute to its development, such as forests. In more barren locations such as grasslands, an O Horizon is rarer. [1] Due to the fact that its presence is determined by external factors (outside of the original parent materials that form soils), it is the only layer not dominated by mineral substances. This layer has three well-accepted subordinate horizons: Oi (slightly decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), Oe (moderately decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), and Oa (highly decomposed organic matter). [1] Microbial activity is high in this layer, utilizing the abundance of organic matter and [[decomposing]] it in ways that allow it to contribute to the soil profile.		The O Horizon is composed of organic material that has accumulated and been modified (physically and chemically) over time, typically from the remains of plant and [[animals]] [1]. This horizon is most easily observed in soils that are rarely, if ever, disturbed and with plenty of foliage and/or [[organisms]] nearby to contribute to its development, such as forests. In more barren locations such as grasslands, an O Horizon is rarer. [1] Due to the fact that its presence is determined by external factors (outside of the original parent materials that form soils), it is the only layer not dominated by mineral substances. This layer has three well-accepted subordinate horizons: Oi (slightly decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), Oe (moderately decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), and Oa (highly decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]). [1] Microbial activity is high in this layer, utilizing the abundance of organic matter and [[decomposing]] it in ways that allow it to contribute to the soil profile.

	== A Horizon ==		== A Horizon ==

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2023-06-05T19:14:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:14, 5 June 2023
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	== O Horizon ==		== O Horizon ==

	The O Horizon is composed of organic material that has accumulated and been modified (physically and chemically) over time, typically from the remains of plant and [[animals]] [1]. This horizon is most easily observed in soils that are rarely, if ever, disturbed and with plenty of foliage and/or [[organisms]] nearby to contribute to its development, such as forests. In more barren locations such as grasslands, an O Horizon is rarer. [1] Due to the fact that its presence is determined by external factors (outside of the original parent materials that form soils), it is the only layer not dominated by mineral substances. This layer has three well-accepted subordinate horizons: Oi (slightly decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), Oe (moderately decomposed organic matter), and Oa (highly decomposed organic matter). [1] Microbial activity is high in this layer, utilizing the abundance of organic matter and [[decomposing]] it in ways that allow it to contribute to the soil profile.		The O Horizon is composed of organic material that has accumulated and been modified (physically and chemically) over time, typically from the remains of plant and [[animals]] [1]. This horizon is most easily observed in soils that are rarely, if ever, disturbed and with plenty of foliage and/or [[organisms]] nearby to contribute to its development, such as forests. In more barren locations such as grasslands, an O Horizon is rarer. [1] Due to the fact that its presence is determined by external factors (outside of the original parent materials that form soils), it is the only layer not dominated by mineral substances. This layer has three well-accepted subordinate horizons: Oi (slightly decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), Oe (moderately decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), and Oa (highly decomposed organic matter). [1] Microbial activity is high in this layer, utilizing the abundance of organic matter and [[decomposing]] it in ways that allow it to contribute to the soil profile.

	== A Horizon ==		== A Horizon ==

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2023-05-10T18:08:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:08, 10 May 2023
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	[3] ''Soils Glossary Appendix''. Soil Science Society of America. 2018. Retrieved 2018-03-06 https://www.soils.org/publications/glossary/appendix/		[3] ''Soils Glossary Appendix''. Soil Science Society of America. 2018. Retrieved 2018-03-06 https://www.soils.org/publications/glossary/appendix/

	[4] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ''World reference base for soil resources''. Rome 1998. Appendix 1: Soil Horizon Designations. Retrieved 2018-03-07. http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8594E/w8594e0g.htm		[4] Food and [[Agriculture]] Organization of the United Nations. ''World reference base for soil resources''. Rome 1998. Appendix 1: Soil Horizon Designations. Retrieved 2018-03-07. http://www.fao.org/docrep/W8594E/w8594e0g.htm

	[5] Forest Floor. ''Soil Horizons''. Retrieved 2018-03-07. http://forestfloor.soilweb.ca/definitions/soil-horizons/		[5] Forest Floor. ''Soil Horizons''. Retrieved 2018-03-07. http://forestfloor.soilweb.ca/definitions/soil-horizons/

	[6] Lamb, John A.; Rehm, George W.. ''Five factors of soil formation''. University of Minnesota. Retrieved 2018-03-07. https://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/soils/soil-properties/five-factors-soil-formation/		[6] Lamb, John A.; Rehm, George W.. ''Five factors of soil formation''. University of Minnesota. Retrieved 2018-03-07. https://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/soils/soil-properties/five-factors-soil-formation/

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2023-03-31T18:30:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:30, 31 March 2023
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	== O Horizon ==		== O Horizon ==

	The O Horizon is composed of organic material that has accumulated and been modified (physically and chemically) over time, typically from the remains of plant and [[animals]] [1]. This horizon is most easily observed in soils that are rarely, if ever, disturbed and with plenty of foliage and/or [[organisms]] nearby to contribute to its development, such as forests. In more barren locations such as grasslands, an O Horizon is rarer. [1] Due to the fact that its presence is determined by external factors (outside of the original parent materials that form soils), it is the only layer not dominated by mineral substances. This layer has three well-accepted subordinate horizons: Oi (slightly decomposed organic matter), Oe (moderately decomposed organic matter), and Oa (highly decomposed organic matter). [1] Microbial activity is high in this layer, utilizing the abundance of organic matter and [[decomposing]] it in ways that allow it to contribute to the soil profile.		The O Horizon is composed of organic material that has accumulated and been modified (physically and chemically) over time, typically from the remains of plant and [[animals]] [1]. This horizon is most easily observed in soils that are rarely, if ever, disturbed and with plenty of foliage and/or [[organisms]] nearby to contribute to its development, such as forests. In more barren locations such as grasslands, an O Horizon is rarer. [1] Due to the fact that its presence is determined by external factors (outside of the original parent materials that form soils), it is the only layer not dominated by mineral substances. This layer has three well-accepted subordinate horizons: Oi (slightly decomposed [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]), Oe (moderately decomposed organic matter), and Oa (highly decomposed organic matter). [1] Microbial activity is high in this layer, utilizing the abundance of organic matter and [[decomposing]] it in ways that allow it to contribute to the soil profile.

	== A Horizon ==		== A Horizon ==

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2022-05-06T18:04:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 6 May 2022
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	== A Horizon ==		== A Horizon ==
	The A Horizon is a well-weathered and fertile layer dominated by mineral particles but still rich in organic matter, especially if covered by an O Horizon, which can leach decomposed organic matter into the A Horizon. This is a much thicker layer than the O Horizon, dominated by highly weathered mineral particles (the most highly weathered from the parent material of the soil), and typically darker and coarser than other Soil Horizons. (Elements pg. 53) The A Horizon is considered ''topsoil''. If this layer has [[properties]] of both an A and an E Horizon, it is considered an A Horizon if it is dominated by humidified organic matter. [4] Subterranean life (including microfauna, mesofauna, and macrofauna) tends to be the most abundant in this layer due to the rich, soft, and well-weathered environment of the soil.		The A Horizon is a well-weathered and fertile layer dominated by mineral particles but still rich in organic matter, especially if covered by an O Horizon, which can leach decomposed organic matter into the A Horizon. This is a much thicker layer than the O Horizon, dominated by highly weathered mineral particles (the most highly weathered from the parent material of the soil), and typically darker and coarser than other Soil Horizons. (Elements pg. 53) The A Horizon is considered ''topsoil''. If this layer has [[properties]] of both an A and an E Horizon, it is considered an A Horizon if it is dominated by humidified organic matter. [4] Subterranean life (including microfauna, [[mesofauna]], and macrofauna) tends to be the most abundant in this layer due to the rich, soft, and well-weathered environment of the soil.

	== E Horizon ==		== E Horizon ==