Soil - Revision history

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	==Formation==		==Formation==
	Soil formation, or [[pedogenesis]], is a combination of the effects of chemical, biological, physical, and anthropogenic processes on soil parent material. Soil is formed when organic matter has accumulated and colloids are washed downward, leaving deposits of clay, [[humus]], iron oxide, carbonate, and gypsum, producing a distinct layer called the B horizon. These constituents are moved from one level to another by water and animal activity. Resulting in the forming of layers. Movement of materials in the soil causes the forming of [[soil horizons]]. [15]		Soil formation, or [[pedogenesis]], is a combination of the effects of chemical, biological, physical, and anthropogenic processes on soil parent material. Soil is formed when [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]] has accumulated and colloids are washed downward, leaving deposits of clay, [[humus]], iron oxide, carbonate, and gypsum, producing a distinct layer called the B horizon. These constituents are moved from one level to another by water and animal activity. Resulting in the forming of layers. Movement of materials in the soil causes the forming of [[soil horizons]]. [15]

	==Forming Factors==		==Forming Factors==

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	Over time, soil will develop a soil profile which consists of multiple layers or [[soil Horizons]] that differ in one or more [[properties]] ([[Soil Textures\|texture]], structure, [[porosity]], density, etc.). [13] They differ in thickness and don’t exhibit hard boundaries. The formation of these layers is reliant on the parent material, the modification processes of the parent materials, and soil forming factors that influence those processes. The biological influences on soil [[properties]] are strongest near the surface, while the geochemical influences on soil [[properties]] increase with depth.		Over time, soil will develop a soil profile which consists of multiple layers or [[soil Horizons]] that differ in one or more [[properties]] ([[Soil Textures\|texture]], structure, [[porosity]], density, etc.). [13] They differ in thickness and don’t exhibit hard boundaries. The formation of these layers is reliant on the parent material, the modification processes of the parent materials, and soil forming factors that influence those processes. The biological influences on soil [[properties]] are strongest near the surface, while the geochemical influences on soil [[properties]] increase with depth.

	The [[soil texture]] is determined by the relative proportions of the individual particles of [[sand]], [[silt]], and [[clay]] that make up the soil. The interaction of the individual mineral particles with organic matter, water, gases via biotic and abiotic processes causes those particles to flocculate (stick together) to form aggregates or peds. [14] Where these [[Aggregate formation\|aggregates]] can be identified, a soil can be said to be developed, and can be described further in terms of color, porosity, consistency, reaction (acidity), etc. [[File:USDA_Soil_Texture.png\|280px\|thumb\|right\|USDA Soil Texture Triangle [21]]]		The [[soil texture]] is determined by the relative proportions of the individual particles of [[sand]], [[silt]], and [[clay]] that make up the soil. The interaction of the individual mineral particles with [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]], water, gases via biotic and abiotic processes causes those particles to flocculate (stick together) to form aggregates or peds. [14] Where these [[Aggregate formation\|aggregates]] can be identified, a soil can be said to be developed, and can be described further in terms of color, porosity, consistency, reaction (acidity), etc. [[File:USDA_Soil_Texture.png\|280px\|thumb\|right\|USDA Soil Texture Triangle [21]]]

	==Formation==		==Formation==

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2024-06-17T17:31:42Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:31, 17 June 2024
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	==Composition==		==Composition==
	[[File:Soil Horizons.gif\|thumb\|left\|A basic diagram of the most common Master Horizons of a soil profile, with the E Horizon omitted [22]]]		[[File:Soil Horizons.gif\|thumb\|left\|A basic diagram of the most common Master Horizons of a soil profile, with the E Horizon omitted [22]]]
	Soil is typically 50% pores half/half occupied with water and gas, and solids like minerals or organic matter. [11] The pore space allows for the infiltration and movement of air and water, both of which are critical for life in soil. [12] Compaction creates problems for this.		Soil is typically 50% pores half/half occupied with water and gas, and solids like minerals or [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]]. [11] The pore space allows for the infiltration and movement of air and water, both of which are critical for life in soil. [12] Compaction creates problems for this.

	Over time, soil will develop a soil profile which consists of multiple layers or [[soil Horizons]] that differ in one or more [[properties]] ([[Soil Textures\|texture]], structure, [[porosity]], density, etc.). [13] They differ in thickness and don’t exhibit hard boundaries. The formation of these layers is reliant on the parent material, the modification processes of the parent materials, and soil forming factors that influence those processes. The biological influences on soil [[properties]] are strongest near the surface, while the geochemical influences on soil [[properties]] increase with depth.		Over time, soil will develop a soil profile which consists of multiple layers or [[soil Horizons]] that differ in one or more [[properties]] ([[Soil Textures\|texture]], structure, [[porosity]], density, etc.). [13] They differ in thickness and don’t exhibit hard boundaries. The formation of these layers is reliant on the parent material, the modification processes of the parent materials, and soil forming factors that influence those processes. The biological influences on soil [[properties]] are strongest near the surface, while the geochemical influences on soil [[properties]] increase with depth.

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2023-06-05T19:14:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:14, 5 June 2023
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	Soil is a mixture of minerals, liquids, gases, [[organisms]], and [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]] that when together can support life. The Earth’s soil is called the [[pedosphere]], which has 4 main functions: it is a means of water storage, purification and supply; it is a medium for plant growth; it is habitat for organisms that modify the soil; it is a modifier of Earth’s atmosphere.		Soil is a mixture of minerals, liquids, gases, [[organisms]], and [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]] that when together can support life. The Earth’s soil is called the [[pedosphere]], which has 4 main functions: it is a means of water storage, purification and supply; it is a medium for plant growth; it is habitat for organisms that modify the soil; it is a modifier of Earth’s atmosphere.

	Things like the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere interact with soil. In soil there is a solid phase of organic matter and minerals, as well as a water and gas holding porous phase. [1,2,3] Soils are sometimes treated as a 3-state system of solid, liquids, and gases.[4]		Things like the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere interact with soil. In soil there is a solid phase of [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]] and minerals, as well as a water and gas holding porous phase. [1,2,3] Soils are sometimes treated as a 3-state system of solid, liquids, and gases.[4]

	Soil is influenced by temporally interacting with factors of the [[Jenny Equation]] S= f (cl, o, r, p, t, …) where S is soil formation, f is for a function of, cl is climate, o is organisms, r is relief (topography), p is parent material, and t is time. The ‘…’ was left just in case there were more factors that could be considered in the future.[5] Soil is continually being subjected to many chemical, physical, and biological processes. This includes weathering with erosion.		Soil is influenced by temporally interacting with factors of the [[Jenny Equation]] S= f (cl, o, r, p, t, …) where S is soil formation, f is for a function of, cl is climate, o is organisms, r is relief (topography), p is parent material, and t is time. The ‘…’ was left just in case there were more factors that could be considered in the future.[5] Soil is continually being subjected to many chemical, physical, and biological processes. This includes weathering with erosion.

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2023-05-10T18:08:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:08, 10 May 2023
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	Soil is typically 50% pores half/half occupied with water and gas, and solids like minerals or organic matter. [11] The pore space allows for the infiltration and movement of air and water, both of which are critical for life in soil. [12] Compaction creates problems for this.		Soil is typically 50% pores half/half occupied with water and gas, and solids like minerals or organic matter. [11] The pore space allows for the infiltration and movement of air and water, both of which are critical for life in soil. [12] Compaction creates problems for this.

	Over time, soil will develop a soil profile which consists of multiple layers or [[soil Horizons]] that differ in one or more [[properties]] ([[Soil Textures\|texture]], structure, porosity, density, etc.). [13] They differ in thickness and don’t exhibit hard boundaries. The formation of these layers is reliant on the parent material, the modification processes of the parent materials, and soil forming factors that influence those processes. The biological influences on soil [[properties]] are strongest near the surface, while the geochemical influences on soil [[properties]] increase with depth.		Over time, soil will develop a soil profile which consists of multiple layers or [[soil Horizons]] that differ in one or more [[properties]] ([[Soil Textures\|texture]], structure, [[porosity]], density, etc.). [13] They differ in thickness and don’t exhibit hard boundaries. The formation of these layers is reliant on the parent material, the modification processes of the parent materials, and soil forming factors that influence those processes. The biological influences on soil [[properties]] are strongest near the surface, while the geochemical influences on soil [[properties]] increase with depth.

	The [[soil texture]] is determined by the relative proportions of the individual particles of [[sand]], [[silt]], and [[clay]] that make up the soil. The interaction of the individual mineral particles with organic matter, water, gases via biotic and abiotic processes causes those particles to flocculate (stick together) to form aggregates or peds. [14] Where these [[Aggregate formation\|aggregates]] can be identified, a soil can be said to be developed, and can be described further in terms of color, porosity, consistency, reaction (acidity), etc. [[File:USDA_Soil_Texture.png\|280px\|thumb\|right\|USDA Soil Texture Triangle [21]]]		The [[soil texture]] is determined by the relative proportions of the individual particles of [[sand]], [[silt]], and [[clay]] that make up the soil. The interaction of the individual mineral particles with organic matter, water, gases via biotic and abiotic processes causes those particles to flocculate (stick together) to form aggregates or peds. [14] Where these [[Aggregate formation\|aggregates]] can be identified, a soil can be said to be developed, and can be described further in terms of color, porosity, consistency, reaction (acidity), etc. [[File:USDA_Soil_Texture.png\|280px\|thumb\|right\|USDA Soil Texture Triangle [21]]]

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2023-03-31T18:30:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:30, 31 March 2023
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	[[File:Soil.jpg\|thumb\|A soil profile. [24]]]		[[File:Soil.jpg\|thumb\|A soil profile. [24]]]
	Soil is a mixture of minerals, liquids, gases, [[organisms]], and organic matter that when together can support life. The Earth’s soil is called the [[pedosphere]], which has 4 main functions: it is a means of water storage, purification and supply; it is a medium for plant growth; it is habitat for organisms that modify the soil; it is a modifier of Earth’s atmosphere.		Soil is a mixture of minerals, liquids, gases, [[organisms]], and [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]] that when together can support life. The Earth’s soil is called the [[pedosphere]], which has 4 main functions: it is a means of water storage, purification and supply; it is a medium for plant growth; it is habitat for organisms that modify the soil; it is a modifier of Earth’s atmosphere.

	Things like the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere interact with soil. In soil there is a solid phase of organic matter and minerals, as well as a water and gas holding porous phase. [1,2,3] Soils are sometimes treated as a 3-state system of solid, liquids, and gases.[4]		Things like the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere interact with soil. In soil there is a solid phase of organic matter and minerals, as well as a water and gas holding porous phase. [1,2,3] Soils are sometimes treated as a 3-state system of solid, liquids, and gases.[4]

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2022-05-06T18:04:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 6 May 2022
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	[[File:Soil.jpg\|thumb\|A soil profile. [24]]]		[[File:Soil.jpg\|thumb\|A soil profile. [24]]]
	Soil is a mixture of minerals, liquids, gases, [[organisms]], and organic matter that when together can support life. The Earth’s soil is called the pedosphere, which has 4 main functions: it is a means of water storage, purification and supply; it is a medium for plant growth; it is habitat for organisms that modify the soil; it is a modifier of Earth’s atmosphere.		Soil is a mixture of minerals, liquids, gases, [[organisms]], and organic matter that when together can support life. The Earth’s soil is called the [[pedosphere]], which has 4 main functions: it is a means of water storage, purification and supply; it is a medium for plant growth; it is habitat for organisms that modify the soil; it is a modifier of Earth’s atmosphere.

	Things like the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere interact with soil. In soil there is a solid phase of organic matter and minerals, as well as a water and gas holding porous phase. [1,2,3] Soils are sometimes treated as a 3-state system of solid, liquids, and gases.[4]		Things like the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere interact with soil. In soil there is a solid phase of organic matter and minerals, as well as a water and gas holding porous phase. [1,2,3] Soils are sometimes treated as a 3-state system of solid, liquids, and gases.[4]
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	A characteristic of most soils is that they have a dry bulk density between 1.1 and 1.6 g/cm^3, but while also having a particle density that can go from 2.6 to 2.7 g/cm^3.		A characteristic of most soils is that they have a dry bulk density between 1.1 and 1.6 g/cm^3, but while also having a particle density that can go from 2.6 to 2.7 g/cm^3.

	Soil science has two basic branches of study: edaphology and pedology. Edaphology is concerned with the influence of soils on living things. [6] Pedology is focused on the formation, description (morphology), and classification of soils in their natural environment. [7] In engineering terms, soil is included in the broader concept of regolith, which also includes other loose material that lies above the [[bedrock]]. [8]		Soil science has two basic branches of study: edaphology and pedology. Edaphology is concerned with the influence of soils on living things. [6] Pedology is focused on the formation, description (morphology), and classification of soils in their natural environment. [7] In engineering terms, soil is included in the broader concept of [[regolith]], which also includes other loose material that lies above the [[bedrock]]. [8]

	==Soil Function==		==Soil Function==

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2021-04-29T17:05:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:05, 29 April 2021
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	[[File:Soil.jpg\|thumb\|A soil profile. [24]]]		[[File:Soil.jpg\|thumb\|A soil profile. [24]]]
	Soil is a mixture of minerals, liquids, gases, organisms, and organic matter that when together can support life. The Earth’s soil is called the pedosphere, which has 4 main functions: it is a means of water storage, purification and supply; it is a medium for plant growth; it is habitat for organisms that modify the soil; it is a modifier of Earth’s atmosphere.		Soil is a mixture of minerals, liquids, gases, [[organisms]], and organic matter that when together can support life. The Earth’s soil is called the pedosphere, which has 4 main functions: it is a means of water storage, purification and supply; it is a medium for plant growth; it is habitat for organisms that modify the soil; it is a modifier of Earth’s atmosphere.

	Things like the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere interact with soil. In soil there is a solid phase of organic matter and minerals, as well as a water and gas holding porous phase. [1,2,3] Soils are sometimes treated as a 3-state system of solid, liquids, and gases.[4]		Things like the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere interact with soil. In soil there is a solid phase of organic matter and minerals, as well as a water and gas holding porous phase. [1,2,3] Soils are sometimes treated as a 3-state system of solid, liquids, and gases.[4]
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	A characteristic of most soils is that they have a dry bulk density between 1.1 and 1.6 g/cm^3, but while also having a particle density that can go from 2.6 to 2.7 g/cm^3.		A characteristic of most soils is that they have a dry bulk density between 1.1 and 1.6 g/cm^3, but while also having a particle density that can go from 2.6 to 2.7 g/cm^3.

	Soil science has two basic branches of study: edaphology and pedology. Edaphology is concerned with the influence of soils on living things. [6] Pedology is focused on the formation, description (morphology), and classification of soils in their natural environment. [7] In engineering terms, soil is included in the broader concept of regolith, which also includes other loose material that lies above the bedrock. [8]		Soil science has two basic branches of study: edaphology and pedology. Edaphology is concerned with the influence of soils on living things. [6] Pedology is focused on the formation, description (morphology), and classification of soils in their natural environment. [7] In engineering terms, soil is included in the broader concept of regolith, which also includes other loose material that lies above the [[bedrock]]. [8]

	==Soil Function==		==Soil Function==
	Soil is a major component of the Earth's ecosystem. The world's ecosystems are impacted in far-reaching ways by the processes carried out in the soil, from ozone depletion and global warming, to rainforest destruction and water pollution. With respect to Earth's carbon cycle, soil is an important carbon reservoir, and it is potentially one of the most reactive to human disturbance and climate change. [9]		Soil is a major component of the Earth's ecosystem. The world's ecosystems are impacted in far-reaching ways by the processes carried out in the soil, from ozone depletion and global warming, to rainforest destruction and water pollution. With respect to Earth's carbon cycle, soil is an important carbon reservoir, and it is potentially one of the most reactive to human disturbance and climate change. [9]

	Soil can act as a habitat for [[soil organisms]], a regulator of water quality, an atmosphere composition modifier, an engineering medium, a recycling system for organic wastes and nutrients, and a medium of plant growth. This makes it a very import provider of ecosystem services. Since soil has a tremendous range of available niches and habitats, it contains most of the Earth's genetic diversity. A gram of soil can contain billions of organisms, belonging to thousands of species, mostly microbial and in the main still unexplored. [10]		Soil can act as a habitat for [[soil organisms]], a regulator of water quality, an atmosphere composition modifier, an engineering medium, a recycling system for organic wastes and nutrients, and a medium of plant growth. This makes it a very import provider of [[ecosystem services]]. Since soil has a tremendous range of available niches and habitats, it contains most of the Earth's genetic [[diversity]]. A gram of soil can contain billions of organisms, belonging to thousands of species, mostly microbial and in the main still unexplored. [10]

	==Composition==		==Composition==
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	==Formation==		==Formation==
	Soil formation, or [[pedogenesis]], is a combination of the effects of chemical, biological, physical, and anthropogenic processes on soil parent material. Soil is formed when organic matter has accumulated and colloids are washed downward, leaving deposits of clay, humus, iron oxide, carbonate, and gypsum, producing a distinct layer called the B horizon. These constituents are moved from one level to another by water and animal activity. Resulting in the forming of layers. Movement of materials in the soil causes the forming of [[soil horizons]]. [15]		Soil formation, or [[pedogenesis]], is a combination of the effects of chemical, biological, physical, and anthropogenic processes on soil parent material. Soil is formed when organic matter has accumulated and colloids are washed downward, leaving deposits of clay, [[humus]], iron oxide, carbonate, and gypsum, producing a distinct layer called the B horizon. These constituents are moved from one level to another by water and animal activity. Resulting in the forming of layers. Movement of materials in the soil causes the forming of [[soil horizons]]. [15]

	==Forming Factors==		==Forming Factors==

Eralvut at 19:21, 10 April 2021

2021-04-10T19:21:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:21, 10 April 2021
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	Soil is typically 50% pores half/half occupied with water and gas, and solids like minerals or organic matter. [11] The pore space allows for the infiltration and movement of air and water, both of which are critical for life in soil. [12] Compaction creates problems for this.		Soil is typically 50% pores half/half occupied with water and gas, and solids like minerals or organic matter. [11] The pore space allows for the infiltration and movement of air and water, both of which are critical for life in soil. [12] Compaction creates problems for this.

	Over time, soil will develop a soil profile which consists of multiple layers or [[soil ~~horizons~~]] that differ in one or more [[properties]] ([[Soil Textures\|texture]], structure, porosity, density, etc.). [13] They differ in thickness and don’t exhibit hard boundaries. The formation of these layers is reliant on the parent material, the modification processes of the parent materials, and soil forming factors that influence those processes. The biological influences on soil [[properties]] are strongest near the surface, while the geochemical influences on soil [[properties]] increase with depth.		Over time, soil will develop a soil profile which consists of multiple layers or [[soil Horizons]] that differ in one or more [[properties]] ([[Soil Textures\|texture]], structure, porosity, density, etc.). [13] They differ in thickness and don’t exhibit hard boundaries. The formation of these layers is reliant on the parent material, the modification processes of the parent materials, and soil forming factors that influence those processes. The biological influences on soil [[properties]] are strongest near the surface, while the geochemical influences on soil [[properties]] increase with depth.

	The [[soil texture]] is determined by the relative proportions of the individual particles of [[sand]], [[silt]], and [[clay]] that make up the soil. The interaction of the individual mineral particles with organic matter, water, gases via biotic and abiotic processes causes those particles to flocculate (stick together) to form aggregates or peds. [14] Where these [[Aggregate formation\|aggregates]] can be identified, a soil can be said to be developed, and can be described further in terms of color, porosity, consistency, reaction (acidity), etc. [[File:USDA_Soil_Texture.png\|280px\|thumb\|right\|USDA Soil Texture Triangle [21]]]		The [[soil texture]] is determined by the relative proportions of the individual particles of [[sand]], [[silt]], and [[clay]] that make up the soil. The interaction of the individual mineral particles with organic matter, water, gases via biotic and abiotic processes causes those particles to flocculate (stick together) to form aggregates or peds. [14] Where these [[Aggregate formation\|aggregates]] can be identified, a soil can be said to be developed, and can be described further in terms of color, porosity, consistency, reaction (acidity), etc. [[File:USDA_Soil_Texture.png\|280px\|thumb\|right\|USDA Soil Texture Triangle [21]]]

Eralvut at 22:38, 29 March 2021

2021-03-29T22:38:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:38, 29 March 2021
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	Things like the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere interact with soil. In soil there is a solid phase of organic matter and minerals, as well as a water and gas holding porous phase. [1,2,3] Soils are sometimes treated as a 3-state system of solid, liquids, and gases.[4]		Things like the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere interact with soil. In soil there is a solid phase of organic matter and minerals, as well as a water and gas holding porous phase. [1,2,3] Soils are sometimes treated as a 3-state system of solid, liquids, and gases.[4]

	Soil is influenced by temporally interacting with factors of the [[Jenny ~~equation~~]] S= f (cl, o, r, p, t, …) where S is soil formation, f is for a function of, cl is climate, o is organisms, r is relief (topography), p is parent material, and t is time. The ‘…’ was left just in case there were more factors that could be considered in the future.[5] Soil is continually being subjected to many chemical, physical, and biological processes. This includes weathering with erosion.		Soil is influenced by temporally interacting with factors of the [[Jenny Equation]] S= f (cl, o, r, p, t, …) where S is soil formation, f is for a function of, cl is climate, o is organisms, r is relief (topography), p is parent material, and t is time. The ‘…’ was left just in case there were more factors that could be considered in the future.[5] Soil is continually being subjected to many chemical, physical, and biological processes. This includes weathering with erosion.

	A characteristic of most soils is that they have a dry bulk density between 1.1 and 1.6 g/cm^3, but while also having a particle density that can go from 2.6 to 2.7 g/cm^3.		A characteristic of most soils is that they have a dry bulk density between 1.1 and 1.6 g/cm^3, but while also having a particle density that can go from 2.6 to 2.7 g/cm^3.