Root hairs - Revision history

Eavolker: /* Overview */

2021-05-07T20:32:07Z

Overview

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:32, 7 May 2021
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	==Overview==		==Overview==
	Root hairs provide an interface between larger [[plant roots]] and the [[soil]]. Aside from the larger more commonly known system, root hairs are smaller cylindrical extensions of larger roots that are important for nutrient acquisition, microbial interactions below-ground, and for plant anchorage in the soil. Root hairs are ~~able to be~~ beneficial to the health of a plant and its root systems because it effectively increases the surface area and diameter of the roots [1]. Root hairs can be 10μm in diameter or up to 1mm in diameter. The study of root hairs is important for [[ecology]], cell biology, and plant physiology because of their unique cell makeup and cell growth. Root hairs are often players in the formation of root nodules on legume plants; these facilitate symbiotic mycorrhizal interactions. Root hairs are usually visible to the naked eye but are better seen with a compound microscope or electron microscope. [[File:Root_hair_diagram.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Diagram of different zones of the root [9]]]		Root hairs provide an interface between larger [[plant roots]] and the [[soil]]. Aside from the larger more commonly known system, root hairs are smaller cylindrical extensions of larger roots that are important for nutrient acquisition, microbial interactions below-ground, and for plant anchorage in the soil. Root hairs are substantially beneficial to the health of a plant and its root systems because it effectively increases the surface area and diameter of the roots [1]. Root hairs can be 10μm in diameter or up to 1mm in diameter. The study of root hairs is important for [[ecology]], cell biology, and plant physiology because of their unique cell makeup and cell growth. Root hairs are often players in the formation of root nodules on legume plants; these facilitate symbiotic mycorrhizal interactions. Root hairs are usually visible to the naked eye but are better seen with a compound microscope or electron microscope. [[File:Root_hair_diagram.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Diagram of different zones of the root [9]]]

	==Growth and Development==		==Growth and Development==

Eavolker: /* Overview */

2021-05-07T20:31:20Z

Overview

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:31, 7 May 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Overview==		==Overview==
	Root hairs provide an interface between ~~the primary~~ [[plant roots]] and the [[soil]]. Aside from the larger more commonly known system, root hairs are smaller cylindrical extensions of larger roots that are important for nutrient acquisition, microbial interactions below-ground, and for plant anchorage in the soil. Root hairs are able to be beneficial to the health of a plant and its root systems because it effectively increases the surface area and diameter of the roots [1]. Root hairs can be 10μm in diameter or up to 1mm in diameter. The study of root hairs is important for [[ecology]], cell biology, and plant physiology because of their unique cell makeup and cell growth. Root hairs are often players in the formation of root nodules on legume plants; these facilitate symbiotic mycorrhizal interactions. Root hairs are usually visible to the naked eye but are better seen with a compound microscope or electron microscope. [[File:Root_hair_diagram.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Diagram of different zones of the root [9]]]		Root hairs provide an interface between larger [[plant roots]] and the [[soil]]. Aside from the larger more commonly known system, root hairs are smaller cylindrical extensions of larger roots that are important for nutrient acquisition, microbial interactions below-ground, and for plant anchorage in the soil. Root hairs are able to be beneficial to the health of a plant and its root systems because it effectively increases the surface area and diameter of the roots [1]. Root hairs can be 10μm in diameter or up to 1mm in diameter. The study of root hairs is important for [[ecology]], cell biology, and plant physiology because of their unique cell makeup and cell growth. Root hairs are often players in the formation of root nodules on legume plants; these facilitate symbiotic mycorrhizal interactions. Root hairs are usually visible to the naked eye but are better seen with a compound microscope or electron microscope. [[File:Root_hair_diagram.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Diagram of different zones of the root [9]]]

	==Growth and Development==		==Growth and Development==

Eavolker at 20:30, 7 May 2021

2021-05-07T20:30:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:30, 7 May 2021
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	Root hairs also play significant roles in water uptake, similar to nutrient acquisition. Roots consist of many zones. Lateral roots and root caps sometimes exist in regions that have low water permeability due to immature water conduit and root suberization [8]. It has been shown that the root hair zone tends to be the most permeable zone which suggests the root hair's contributions to a plant's water uptake ability. Root water uptake is increased not only because of increased surface area of roots in small crevices of soil, but also because these small root hairs increase water potential which physically makes water uptake easier and more possible [8].		Root hairs also play significant roles in water uptake, similar to nutrient acquisition. Roots consist of many zones. Lateral roots and root caps sometimes exist in regions that have low water permeability due to immature water conduit and root suberization [8]. It has been shown that the root hair zone tends to be the most permeable zone which suggests the root hair's contributions to a plant's water uptake ability. Root water uptake is increased not only because of increased surface area of roots in small crevices of soil, but also because these small root hairs increase water potential which physically makes water uptake easier and more possible [8].

	==Sampling ~~techniques~~==		==Sampling methods/limitations==
	===Sequential Soil Coring===		===Sequential Soil Coring===
	Root cores can be used to obtain information about root hair length and mass, number of root tips, mycorrhizal biomass, and distribution of nutrient contents. Iron cylinders are driven into penetrable soils at a desired sampling depth. This is hard to use past 1m because the presence of stones can prohibit the use of the coring tools to greater depths [11]. The limitations of this method are that it can be time consuming, which limits the amounts of samples that can be obtained during the growing period. [11]		Root cores can be used to obtain information about root hair length and mass, number of root tips, mycorrhizal biomass, and distribution of nutrient contents. Iron cylinders are driven into penetrable soils at a desired sampling depth. This is hard to use past 1m because the presence of stones can prohibit the use of the coring tools to greater depths [11]. The limitations of this method are that it can be time consuming, which limits the amounts of samples that can be obtained during the growing period. [11]

Eavolker: /* Nutrient Acquisition */

2021-05-07T19:54:51Z

Nutrient Acquisition

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:54, 7 May 2021
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	==Nutrient Acquisition==		==Nutrient Acquisition==
	Previously mentioned, root hairs play a significant role in nutrient acquisition because of their small size and role in increasing the surface area of the below-ground root system. Root hairs are especially important for the uptake of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for the health and growth of the shoots above ground [3]. Not only do root hairs increase nutrient acquisition through their extension of root surface area into soil spaces that could not otherwise be reached, root hairs also increase the preferential expression of enzymes involved in the mobilization of and uptake of multiple nutrients that are vital to plant growth [6]. These extensions of the root systems contribute to increased surface area as discussed above which improves soil contact, and can account for up to 80% of P intake [7]. Improving P uptake in particularly P deficient soil lays in the hands of root hairs. Certain root morphological and architectural adaptations can increase total soil exploration by altering the size, angle, and length of the root hairs. It has also been shown that even in P deficient environments, root hair growth increases in order to locate sparse sources of P in the soil. This has been seen with other vital nutrients as well such as Pi, K, N, and C [7].		Previously mentioned, root hairs play a significant role in [[nutrient acquisition]] because of their small size and role in increasing the surface area of the below-ground root system. Root hairs are especially important for the uptake of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for the health and growth of the shoots above ground [3]. Not only do root hairs increase nutrient acquisition through their extension of root surface area into soil spaces that could not otherwise be reached, root hairs also increase the preferential expression of enzymes involved in the mobilization of and uptake of multiple nutrients that are vital to plant growth [6]. These extensions of the root systems contribute to increased surface area as discussed above which improves soil contact, and can account for up to 80% of P intake [7]. Improving P uptake in particularly P deficient soil lays in the hands of root hairs. Certain root morphological and architectural adaptations can increase total soil exploration by altering the size, angle, and length of the root hairs. It has also been shown that even in P deficient environments, root hair growth increases in order to locate sparse sources of P in the soil. This has been seen with other vital nutrients as well such as Pi, K, N, and C [7].

	==Water Uptake and Hydraulics==		==Water Uptake and Hydraulics==

Eavolker: /* Type 3: */

2021-05-07T19:54:05Z

Type 3:

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:54, 7 May 2021
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	cortical cell. This makes for adequate spacing between root hair growths.		cortical cell. This makes for adequate spacing between root hair growths.

	Auxin, a signaling hormone used for regulating the growth of almost all plant development was previously studied mainly in the aboveground development of plant leaves and shoots. Recently, genetic and physiological evidence has shown that auxin is also a key player in the growth of both lateral roots and root hairs below-ground [4].		[[Auxin]], a signaling hormone used for regulating the growth of almost all plant development was previously studied mainly in the aboveground development of plant leaves and shoots. Recently, genetic and physiological evidence has shown that auxin is also a key player in the growth of both lateral roots and root hairs below-ground [4].

	==Root Hair Surface Area==		==Root Hair Surface Area==

Eavolker: /* Minirhizotron */

2021-05-05T17:31:33Z

Minirhizotron

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:31, 5 May 2021
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	===Minirhizotron===		===Minirhizotron===
	This is a nondestructive method that can be useful for measuring the same root over longer time periods, which the ingrowth coring method does not offer [11]. Minirhizotrons are glass tubes that are installed into the soil, and root intersections along the tube can be viewed with a small camera. These can be used to obtain quantitative data on root length and production, root longevity, root density and root diameter [11]. Similar to the sequential soil coring method discussed previously, limitations of minirhizotrons include difficulty implementing them into stony soils. [[File:Minirhizotron.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|~~left~~\|Vizualizing the minirhizotron]]		This is a nondestructive method that can be useful for measuring the same root over longer time periods, which the ingrowth coring method does not offer [11]. Minirhizotrons are glass tubes that are installed into the soil, and root intersections along the tube can be viewed with a small camera. These can be used to obtain quantitative data on root length and production, root longevity, root density and root diameter [11]. Similar to the sequential soil coring method discussed previously, limitations of minirhizotrons include difficulty implementing them into stony soils. [[File:Minirhizotron.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Vizualizing the minirhizotron]]

	===Image Analysis===		===Image Analysis===

Eavolker: /* Minirhizotron */

2021-05-05T17:30:48Z

Minirhizotron

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:30, 5 May 2021
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	===Minirhizotron===		===Minirhizotron===
	This is a nondestructive method that can be useful for measuring the same root over longer time periods, which the ingrowth coring method does not offer [11]. Minirhizotrons are glass tubes that are installed into the soil, and root intersections along the tube can be viewed with a small camera. These can be used to obtain quantitative data on root length and production, root longevity, root density and root diameter [11]. Similar to the sequential soil coring method discussed previously, limitations of minirhizotrons include difficulty implementing them into stony soils.		This is a nondestructive method that can be useful for measuring the same root over longer time periods, which the ingrowth coring method does not offer [11]. Minirhizotrons are glass tubes that are installed into the soil, and root intersections along the tube can be viewed with a small camera. These can be used to obtain quantitative data on root length and production, root longevity, root density and root diameter [11]. Similar to the sequential soil coring method discussed previously, limitations of minirhizotrons include difficulty implementing them into stony soils. [[File:Minirhizotron.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|left\|Vizualizing the minirhizotron]]

	===Image Analysis===		===Image Analysis===

Eavolker: /* Growth and Development */

2021-05-05T17:26:19Z

Growth and Development

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:26, 5 May 2021
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	==Growth and Development==		==Growth and Development==
	Root hairs are excellent specimens to study in the field of cell biology. Root hairs are tip growing extensions from specialized root epidermal cell (trichoblasts); in most [[angiosperms]] root hairs develop on epidermal cells in the differentiation zones of younger roots [2]. In most eudicots, the first sign of root hair development is a bulge on the outer radial wall (periclinal wall) of the epidermal cell [2]. Cells of the plant epidermis in the differentiation zone can either become a root hair or non root hair cell. After the basic understanding that the root epidermis consists of root hair cells and non root hair cells, it is important to understand that there are three different types patterns of differentiation that have been seen to occur in the development of root hairs [3].[[File:Root_hair_cells.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|left\|Diagram of root hair cells and non root hair cells.[1]]]]		Root hairs are excellent specimens to study in the field of cell biology. Root hairs are tip growing extensions from specialized root epidermal cell (trichoblasts); in most [[angiosperms]] root hairs develop on epidermal cells in the differentiation zones of younger roots [2]. In most eudicots, the first sign of root hair development is a bulge on the outer radial wall (periclinal wall) of the epidermal cell [2]. Cells of the plant epidermis in the differentiation zone can either become a root hair or non root hair cell. After the basic understanding that the root epidermis consists of root hair cells and non root hair cells, it is important to understand that there are three different types patterns of differentiation that have been seen to occur in the development of root hairs [3].[[File:Root_hair_cells.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|left\|Diagram of root hair cells and non root hair cells.[1]]]
	====Type 1:====		====Type 1:====
	Root hairs can emerge from any kind of cell and can be considered a random type.		Root hairs can emerge from any kind of cell and can be considered a random type.

Eavolker: /* Overview */

2021-05-05T17:26:01Z

Overview

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:26, 5 May 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Overview==		==Overview==
	Root hairs provide an interface between the primary [[plant roots]] and the [[soil]]. Aside from the larger more commonly known system, root hairs are smaller cylindrical extensions of larger roots that are important for nutrient acquisition, microbial interactions below-ground, and for plant anchorage in the soil. Root hairs are able to be beneficial to the health of a plant and its root systems because it effectively increases the surface area and diameter of the roots [1]. Root hairs can be 10μm in diameter or up to 1mm in diameter. The study of root hairs is important for [[ecology]], cell biology, and plant physiology because of their unique cell makeup and cell growth. Root hairs are often players in the formation of root nodules on legume plants; these facilitate symbiotic mycorrhizal interactions. Root hairs are usually visible to the naked eye but are better seen with a compound microscope or electron microscope. [[File:Root_hair_diagram.jpg\|~~200px~~\|thumb\|right\|Diagram of different zones of the root [9]]]		Root hairs provide an interface between the primary [[plant roots]] and the [[soil]]. Aside from the larger more commonly known system, root hairs are smaller cylindrical extensions of larger roots that are important for nutrient acquisition, microbial interactions below-ground, and for plant anchorage in the soil. Root hairs are able to be beneficial to the health of a plant and its root systems because it effectively increases the surface area and diameter of the roots [1]. Root hairs can be 10μm in diameter or up to 1mm in diameter. The study of root hairs is important for [[ecology]], cell biology, and plant physiology because of their unique cell makeup and cell growth. Root hairs are often players in the formation of root nodules on legume plants; these facilitate symbiotic mycorrhizal interactions. Root hairs are usually visible to the naked eye but are better seen with a compound microscope or electron microscope. [[File:Root_hair_diagram.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Diagram of different zones of the root [9]]]

	==Growth and Development==		==Growth and Development==

Eavolker: /* Growth and Development */

2021-05-05T17:25:34Z

Growth and Development

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:25, 5 May 2021
Line 3:		Line 3:

	==Growth and Development==		==Growth and Development==
	Root hairs are excellent specimens to study in the field of cell biology. Root hairs are tip growing extensions from specialized root epidermal cell (trichoblasts); in most [[angiosperms]] root hairs develop on epidermal cells in the differentiation zones of younger roots [2]. In most eudicots, the first sign of root hair development is a bulge on the outer radial wall (periclinal wall) of the epidermal cell [2]. Cells of the plant epidermis in the differentiation zone can either become a root hair or non root hair cell. After the basic understanding that the root epidermis consists of root hair cells and non root hair cells, it is important to understand that there are three different types patterns of differentiation that have been seen to occur in the development of root hairs [3].[[File:Root_hair_cells.jpg\|~~300px~~\|thumb\|left\|Diagram of root hair cells and non root hair cells.[1]]]]		Root hairs are excellent specimens to study in the field of cell biology. Root hairs are tip growing extensions from specialized root epidermal cell (trichoblasts); in most [[angiosperms]] root hairs develop on epidermal cells in the differentiation zones of younger roots [2]. In most eudicots, the first sign of root hair development is a bulge on the outer radial wall (periclinal wall) of the epidermal cell [2]. Cells of the plant epidermis in the differentiation zone can either become a root hair or non root hair cell. After the basic understanding that the root epidermis consists of root hair cells and non root hair cells, it is important to understand that there are three different types patterns of differentiation that have been seen to occur in the development of root hairs [3].[[File:Root_hair_cells.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|left\|Diagram of root hair cells and non root hair cells.[1]]]]
	====Type 1:====		====Type 1:====
	Root hairs can emerge from any kind of cell and can be considered a random type.		Root hairs can emerge from any kind of cell and can be considered a random type.