Plant Hormones - Revision history

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2023-05-10T18:08:01Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:08, 10 May 2023
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	#Su, Ying-Hua, et al. “Auxin-Cytokinin Interaction Regulates Meristem Development.” Molecular plant, vol. 4, no. 4, Elsevier Inc, 2011, pp. 616–25, doi:10.1093/mp/ssr007.		#Su, Ying-Hua, et al. “Auxin-Cytokinin Interaction Regulates Meristem Development.” Molecular plant, vol. 4, no. 4, Elsevier Inc, 2011, pp. 616–25, doi:10.1093/mp/ssr007.
	#G. Eric Schaller, et al. “The Yin-Yang of Hormones: Cytokinin and Auxin Interactions in Plant Development.” The Plant Cell, vol. 27, no. 1, American Society of Plant Biologists, 2015, pp. 44–63, doi:10.1105/tpc.114.133595.		#G. Eric Schaller, et al. “The Yin-Yang of Hormones: Cytokinin and Auxin Interactions in Plant Development.” The Plant Cell, vol. 27, no. 1, American Society of Plant Biologists, 2015, pp. 44–63, doi:10.1105/tpc.114.133595.
	#Zaman, Mohammad, et al. “Enhancing Crop Yield with the Use of N‐based Fertilizers Co‐applied with Plant Hormones or Growth Regulators.” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 95, no. 9, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015, pp. 1777–85, doi:10.1002/jsfa.6938.		#Zaman, Mohammad, et al. “Enhancing Crop Yield with the Use of N‐based Fertilizers Co‐applied with Plant Hormones or Growth Regulators.” Journal of the Science of Food and [[Agriculture]], vol. 95, no. 9, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015, pp. 1777–85, doi:10.1002/jsfa.6938.
	#Sandalio, Luisa M., et al. “Leaf Epinasty and Auxin: A Biochemical and Molecular Overview.” Plant Science (Limerick), vol. 253, Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2016, pp. 187–93, doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.10.002.		#Sandalio, Luisa M., et al. “Leaf Epinasty and Auxin: A Biochemical and Molecular Overview.” Plant Science (Limerick), vol. 253, Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2016, pp. 187–93, doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.10.002.
	#Kieber, Joseph J., and G. Eric Schaller. “Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development.” Development (Cambridge), vol. 145, no. 4, COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD, 2018, p. dev149344–, doi:10.1242/dev.149344.		#Kieber, Joseph J., and G. Eric Schaller. “Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development.” Development (Cambridge), vol. 145, no. 4, COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD, 2018, p. dev149344–, doi:10.1242/dev.149344.
	#Momoko Ikeuchi, et al. “Plant Callus: Mechanisms of Induction and Repression.” The Plant Cell, vol. 25, no. 9, American Society of Plant Biologists, 2013, pp. 3159–73, doi:10.1105/tpc.113.116053.		#Momoko Ikeuchi, et al. “Plant Callus: Mechanisms of Induction and Repression.” The Plant Cell, vol. 25, no. 9, American Society of Plant Biologists, 2013, pp. 3159–73, doi:10.1105/tpc.113.116053.
	#Berry, James O. “Rec#6 Hormones and Plant Form.” 2021.		#Berry, James O. “Rec#6 Hormones and Plant Form.” 2021.

Ephanrah at 20:02, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T20:02:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:02, 5 May 2021
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	Auxins are extremely important to plant growth as they are responsible primarily for cellular elongation, root development, and apical dominance during vegetative growth. During apical dominance, auxin produced by the apical meristem creates a downward concentration gradient, preventing axillary buds from activating through cytokinin initiation. This concentration gradient also creates a hormone sink in the roots, where auxin stimulates root development. They are widely used commercially for root induction for plant propagation [3].		Auxins are extremely important to plant growth as they are responsible primarily for cellular elongation, root development, and apical dominance during vegetative growth. During apical dominance, auxin produced by the apical meristem creates a downward concentration gradient, preventing axillary buds from activating through cytokinin initiation. This concentration gradient also creates a hormone sink in the roots, where auxin stimulates root development. They are widely used commercially for root induction for plant propagation [3].

	Interestingly, auxins can induce epinastic responses through localized auxin concentrations~~, causing~~ plant bending in a process known as phototropism. In this process, the plant will bend toward the localized auxin concentration. It may also induce leaf epinasty, where leaves bend downward "as result of disturbances in their growth, with greater expansion in adaxial cells as compared to abaxial surface cells" [4].		Interestingly, auxins can induce epinastic and hyponastic responses through localized auxin concentrations. This causes plant bending in the process known as phototropism, where plants such as sunflowers tend to face direct sunlight to increase photosynthetic function. In this process, the plant will bend toward the localized auxin concentration. It may also induce leaf epinasty, where leaves bend downward "as result of disturbances in their growth, with greater expansion in adaxial cells as compared to abaxial surface cells" [4].

	==Cytokinin==		==Cytokinin==

Ephanrah at 19:54, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T19:54:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:54, 5 May 2021
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	[[File:EVS463_Callus_Formation.JPG\|left\|200px\|thumb\|Plant callus tissue forms as a result of wounding, followed by cellular regeneration controlled by the ratio of auxin to cytokinin [7]]]		[[File:EVS463_Callus_Formation.JPG\|left\|200px\|thumb\|Plant callus tissue forms as a result of wounding, followed by cellular regeneration controlled by the ratio of auxin to cytokinin [7]]]
	Callus formation on plants occurs as a result of wounding, infection, or unregulated and undifferentiated cellular regeneration, controlled by concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Studies have shown "an intermediate ratio of auxin and cytokinin promotes callus induction, while a high ratio of auxin-to-cytokinin or cytokinin-to-auxin induces root and shoot regeneration, respectively" [6]. These hormones are important for infection processes in plants such as agrobacterium where transgenes are inserted into the host genome. The agrobacterium T-DNA has oncogenes which promote production of auxin and cytokinin in order to provide a favorable environment for the bacteria to reproduce and feed. This site is typically referred to as the crown gall. Eventually the plant will die, in which the bacteria are released back into the [[soil]] to begin the infection process again.		Callus formation on plants occurs as a result of wounding, infection, or unregulated and undifferentiated cellular regeneration, controlled by concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Studies have shown "an intermediate ratio of auxin and cytokinin promotes callus induction, while a high ratio of auxin-to-cytokinin or cytokinin-to-auxin induces root and shoot regeneration, respectively" [6]. These hormones are important for infection processes in plants such as agrobacterium where transgenes are inserted into the host genome. The agrobacterium T-DNA has oncogenes which promote production of auxin and cytokinin in order to provide a favorable environment for the bacteria to reproduce and feed. This site is typically referred to as the crown gall. Eventually the plant will die, in which the bacteria are released back into the [[soil]] to begin the infection process again.

Ephanrah at 19:54, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T19:54:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:54, 5 May 2021
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	==Auxin==		==Auxin==
	[[File:EVS463_Auxin_Image.JPG\|right\|300px\|Organic and synthetic Auxins]]		[[File:EVS463_Auxin_Image.JPG\|right\|300px\|thumb\|Organic and synthetic Auxins [7]]]
	The plant hormone auxin, produced in the apical meristem, can be found in nature as a compound known as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and is primarily synthesized from the well-known amino acid tryptophan [4]. There are also synthetic auxins known as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) [3].		The plant hormone auxin, produced in the apical meristem, can be found in nature as a compound known as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and is primarily synthesized from the well-known amino acid tryptophan [4]. There are also synthetic auxins known as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) [3].

	Auxins are extremely important to plant growth as they are responsible primarily for cellular elongation, root development, and apical dominance during vegetative growth. During apical dominance, auxin produced by the apical meristem creates a downward concentration gradient, preventing axillary buds from activating through cytokinin initiation. This concentration gradient also creates a hormone sink in the roots, where auxin stimulates root development. They are widely used commercially for root induction for plant propagation [3].		Auxins are extremely important to plant growth as they are responsible primarily for cellular elongation, root development, and apical dominance during vegetative growth. During apical dominance, auxin produced by the apical meristem creates a downward concentration gradient, preventing axillary buds from activating through cytokinin initiation. This concentration gradient also creates a hormone sink in the roots, where auxin stimulates root development. They are widely used commercially for root induction for plant propagation [3].

	Interestingly, auxins can induce epinastic responses through localized auxin concentrations, causing plant bending in a process known as phototropism. ~~Due to the hormone's cellular elongation [[properties]], it can swell the cells on one side like a balloon~~, ~~bending~~ the plant in the ~~opposite direction from its application~~. It may also induce leaf epinasty, where leaves bend downward "as result of disturbances in their growth, with greater expansion in adaxial cells as compared to abaxial surface cells" [4].		Interestingly, auxins can induce epinastic responses through localized auxin concentrations, causing plant bending in a process known as phototropism. In this process, the plant will bend toward the localized auxin concentration. It may also induce leaf epinasty, where leaves bend downward "as result of disturbances in their growth, with greater expansion in adaxial cells as compared to abaxial surface cells" [4].

	==Cytokinin==		==Cytokinin==
	[[File:EVS463_Cytokinin_image.JPG\|right\|300px\|Organic and synthetic cytokinins]]		[[File:EVS463_Cytokinin_image.JPG\|right\|300px\|thumb\|Organic and synthetic cytokinins [7]]]
	The plant hormone cytokinin, produced in leaf tissues of plants, is primarily found in nature as a compound known as zeatin. Interestingly, "almost all [[organisms]] make cytokinin; for example, isopentenyl adenine derivatives found adjacent to the anticodon loop of a subset of tRNAs in most eukaryotes and bacteria" [5]. These were first discovered while searching for factors that promote cell proliferation in plant cells in concert with auxin to regulate cell division and differentiation [5].		The plant hormone cytokinin, produced in leaf tissues of plants, is primarily found in nature as a compound known as zeatin. Interestingly, "almost all [[organisms]] make cytokinin; for example, isopentenyl adenine derivatives found adjacent to the anticodon loop of a subset of tRNAs in most eukaryotes and bacteria" [5]. These were first discovered while searching for factors that promote cell proliferation in plant cells in concert with auxin to regulate cell division and differentiation [5].

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	==Plant Callus Formation==		==Plant Callus Formation==
	[[File:EVS463_Callus_Formation.JPG\|~~right~~\|200px\|thumb\|Plant callus tissue forms as a result of wounding, followed by cellular regeneration controlled by the ratio of auxin to cytokinin]]		[[File:EVS463_Callus_Formation.JPG\|left\|200px\|thumb\|Plant callus tissue forms as a result of wounding, followed by cellular regeneration controlled by the ratio of auxin to cytokinin [7]]]
	Callus formation on plants occurs as a result of wounding, infection, or unregulated and undifferentiated cellular regeneration, controlled by concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Studies have shown "an intermediate ratio of auxin and cytokinin promotes callus induction, while a high ratio of auxin-to-cytokinin or cytokinin-to-auxin induces root and shoot regeneration, respectively" [6]. These hormones are important for infection processes in plants such as agrobacterium where transgenes are inserted into the host genome. The agrobacterium T-DNA has oncogenes which promote production of auxin and cytokinin in order to provide a favorable environment for the bacteria to reproduce and feed. This site is typically referred to as the crown gall. Eventually the plant will die, in which the bacteria are released back into the [[soil]] to begin the infection process again.		Callus formation on plants occurs as a result of wounding, infection, or unregulated and undifferentiated cellular regeneration, controlled by concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Studies have shown "an intermediate ratio of auxin and cytokinin promotes callus induction, while a high ratio of auxin-to-cytokinin or cytokinin-to-auxin induces root and shoot regeneration, respectively" [6]. These hormones are important for infection processes in plants such as agrobacterium where transgenes are inserted into the host genome. The agrobacterium T-DNA has oncogenes which promote production of auxin and cytokinin in order to provide a favorable environment for the bacteria to reproduce and feed. This site is typically referred to as the crown gall. Eventually the plant will die, in which the bacteria are released back into the [[soil]] to begin the infection process again.




	==References==		==References==

Ephanrah at 19:54, 2 May 2021

2021-05-02T19:54:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:54, 2 May 2021
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	==Plant Callus Formation==		==Plant Callus Formation==
	[[File:EVS463_Callus_Formation.JPG\|right\|200px\|Plant callus tissue forms as a result of wounding, followed by cellular regeneration controlled by the ratio of auxin to cytokinin]]		[[File:EVS463_Callus_Formation.JPG\|right\|200px\|thumb\|Plant callus tissue forms as a result of wounding, followed by cellular regeneration controlled by the ratio of auxin to cytokinin]]
	Callus formation on plants occurs as a result of wounding, infection, or unregulated and undifferentiated cellular regeneration, controlled by concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Studies have shown "an intermediate ratio of auxin and cytokinin promotes callus induction, while a high ratio of auxin-to-cytokinin or cytokinin-to-auxin induces root and shoot regeneration, respectively" [6]. These hormones are important for infection processes in plants such as agrobacterium where transgenes are inserted into the host genome. The agrobacterium T-DNA has oncogenes which promote production of auxin and cytokinin in order to provide a favorable environment for the bacteria to reproduce and feed. This site is typically referred to as the crown gall. Eventually the plant will die, in which the bacteria are released back into the [[soil]] to begin the infection process again.		Callus formation on plants occurs as a result of wounding, infection, or unregulated and undifferentiated cellular regeneration, controlled by concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Studies have shown "an intermediate ratio of auxin and cytokinin promotes callus induction, while a high ratio of auxin-to-cytokinin or cytokinin-to-auxin induces root and shoot regeneration, respectively" [6]. These hormones are important for infection processes in plants such as agrobacterium where transgenes are inserted into the host genome. The agrobacterium T-DNA has oncogenes which promote production of auxin and cytokinin in order to provide a favorable environment for the bacteria to reproduce and feed. This site is typically referred to as the crown gall. Eventually the plant will die, in which the bacteria are released back into the [[soil]] to begin the infection process again.

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2021-04-29T17:05:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:05, 29 April 2021
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	Auxins are extremely important to plant growth as they are responsible primarily for cellular elongation, root development, and apical dominance during vegetative growth. During apical dominance, auxin produced by the apical meristem creates a downward concentration gradient, preventing axillary buds from activating through cytokinin initiation. This concentration gradient also creates a hormone sink in the roots, where auxin stimulates root development. They are widely used commercially for root induction for plant propagation [3].		Auxins are extremely important to plant growth as they are responsible primarily for cellular elongation, root development, and apical dominance during vegetative growth. During apical dominance, auxin produced by the apical meristem creates a downward concentration gradient, preventing axillary buds from activating through cytokinin initiation. This concentration gradient also creates a hormone sink in the roots, where auxin stimulates root development. They are widely used commercially for root induction for plant propagation [3].

	Interestingly, auxins can induce epinastic responses through localized auxin concentrations, causing plant bending in a process known as phototropism. Due to the hormone's cellular elongation properties, it can swell the cells on one side like a balloon, bending the plant in the opposite direction from its application. It may also induce leaf epinasty, where leaves bend downward "as result of disturbances in their growth, with greater expansion in adaxial cells as compared to abaxial surface cells" [4].		Interestingly, auxins can induce epinastic responses through localized auxin concentrations, causing plant bending in a process known as phototropism. Due to the hormone's cellular elongation [[properties]], it can swell the cells on one side like a balloon, bending the plant in the opposite direction from its application. It may also induce leaf epinasty, where leaves bend downward "as result of disturbances in their growth, with greater expansion in adaxial cells as compared to abaxial surface cells" [4].

	==Cytokinin==		==Cytokinin==
	[[File:EVS463_Cytokinin_image.JPG\|right\|300px\|Organic and synthetic cytokinins]]		[[File:EVS463_Cytokinin_image.JPG\|right\|300px\|Organic and synthetic cytokinins]]
	The plant hormone cytokinin, produced in leaf tissues of plants, is primarily found in nature as a compound known as zeatin. Interestingly, "almost all organisms make cytokinin; for example, isopentenyl adenine derivatives found adjacent to the anticodon loop of a subset of tRNAs in most eukaryotes and bacteria" [5]. These were first discovered while searching for factors that promote cell proliferation in plant cells in concert with auxin to regulate cell division and differentiation [5].		The plant hormone cytokinin, produced in leaf tissues of plants, is primarily found in nature as a compound known as zeatin. Interestingly, "almost all [[organisms]] make cytokinin; for example, isopentenyl adenine derivatives found adjacent to the anticodon loop of a subset of tRNAs in most eukaryotes and bacteria" [5]. These were first discovered while searching for factors that promote cell proliferation in plant cells in concert with auxin to regulate cell division and differentiation [5].

	Cytokinins are primarily responsible for cellular division and overcoming apical dominance to stimulate lateral shoot formation. If the plant apical meristem becomes damaged, the auxin concentration of the plant falls allowing cytokinin concentrations to accumulate and activate dormant axillary buds [5]. In some cases, the auxin concentration gradient falls below levels of apical dominance near the ground, causing lateral shoot formation in a Christmas-tree like effect.		Cytokinins are primarily responsible for cellular division and overcoming apical dominance to stimulate lateral shoot formation. If the plant apical meristem becomes damaged, the auxin concentration of the plant falls allowing cytokinin concentrations to accumulate and activate dormant axillary buds [5]. In some cases, the auxin concentration gradient falls below levels of apical dominance near the ground, causing lateral shoot formation in a Christmas-tree like effect.
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	==Plant Callus Formation==		==Plant Callus Formation==
	[[File:EVS463_Callus_Formation.JPG\|right\|200px\|Plant callus tissue forms as a result of wounding, followed by cellular regeneration controlled by the ratio of auxin to cytokinin]]		[[File:EVS463_Callus_Formation.JPG\|right\|200px\|Plant callus tissue forms as a result of wounding, followed by cellular regeneration controlled by the ratio of auxin to cytokinin]]
	Callus formation on plants occurs as a result of wounding, infection, or unregulated and undifferentiated cellular regeneration, controlled by concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Studies have shown "an intermediate ratio of auxin and cytokinin promotes callus induction, while a high ratio of auxin-to-cytokinin or cytokinin-to-auxin induces root and shoot regeneration, respectively" [6]. These hormones are important for infection processes in plants such as agrobacterium where transgenes are inserted into the host genome. The agrobacterium T-DNA has oncogenes which promote production of auxin and cytokinin in order to provide a favorable environment for the bacteria to reproduce and feed. This site is typically referred to as the crown gall. Eventually the plant will die, in which the bacteria are released back into the soil to begin the infection process again.		Callus formation on plants occurs as a result of wounding, infection, or unregulated and undifferentiated cellular regeneration, controlled by concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Studies have shown "an intermediate ratio of auxin and cytokinin promotes callus induction, while a high ratio of auxin-to-cytokinin or cytokinin-to-auxin induces root and shoot regeneration, respectively" [6]. These hormones are important for infection processes in plants such as agrobacterium where transgenes are inserted into the host genome. The agrobacterium T-DNA has oncogenes which promote production of auxin and cytokinin in order to provide a favorable environment for the bacteria to reproduce and feed. This site is typically referred to as the crown gall. Eventually the plant will die, in which the bacteria are released back into the [[soil]] to begin the infection process again.

	==References==		==References==

Ephanrah: /* Plant Callus Formation */

2021-04-26T19:47:55Z

Plant Callus Formation

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:47, 26 April 2021
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	==Plant Callus Formation==		==Plant Callus Formation==
			[[File:EVS463_Callus_Formation.JPG\|right\|200px\|Plant callus tissue forms as a result of wounding, followed by cellular regeneration controlled by the ratio of auxin to cytokinin]]
	Callus formation on plants occurs as a result of wounding, infection, or unregulated and undifferentiated cellular regeneration, controlled by concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Studies have shown "an intermediate ratio of auxin and cytokinin promotes callus induction, while a high ratio of auxin-to-cytokinin or cytokinin-to-auxin induces root and shoot regeneration, respectively" [6]. These hormones are important for infection processes in plants such as agrobacterium where transgenes are inserted into the host genome. The agrobacterium T-DNA has oncogenes which promote production of auxin and cytokinin in order to provide a favorable environment for the bacteria to reproduce and feed. This site is typically referred to as the crown gall. Eventually the plant will die, in which the bacteria are released back into the soil to begin the infection process again.		Callus formation on plants occurs as a result of wounding, infection, or unregulated and undifferentiated cellular regeneration, controlled by concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Studies have shown "an intermediate ratio of auxin and cytokinin promotes callus induction, while a high ratio of auxin-to-cytokinin or cytokinin-to-auxin induces root and shoot regeneration, respectively" [6]. These hormones are important for infection processes in plants such as agrobacterium where transgenes are inserted into the host genome. The agrobacterium T-DNA has oncogenes which promote production of auxin and cytokinin in order to provide a favorable environment for the bacteria to reproduce and feed. This site is typically referred to as the crown gall. Eventually the plant will die, in which the bacteria are released back into the soil to begin the infection process again.

Ephanrah: /* References */

2021-04-26T19:37:48Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 26 April 2021
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	#Kieber, Joseph J., and G. Eric Schaller. “Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development.” Development (Cambridge), vol. 145, no. 4, COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD, 2018, p. dev149344–, doi:10.1242/dev.149344.		#Kieber, Joseph J., and G. Eric Schaller. “Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development.” Development (Cambridge), vol. 145, no. 4, COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD, 2018, p. dev149344–, doi:10.1242/dev.149344.
	#Momoko Ikeuchi, et al. “Plant Callus: Mechanisms of Induction and Repression.” The Plant Cell, vol. 25, no. 9, American Society of Plant Biologists, 2013, pp. 3159–73, doi:10.1105/tpc.113.116053.		#Momoko Ikeuchi, et al. “Plant Callus: Mechanisms of Induction and Repression.” The Plant Cell, vol. 25, no. 9, American Society of Plant Biologists, 2013, pp. 3159–73, doi:10.1105/tpc.113.116053.
			#Berry, James O. “Rec#6 Hormones and Plant Form.” 2021.

Ephanrah: /* Cytokinin */

2021-04-26T19:37:19Z

Cytokinin

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 26 April 2021
Line 11:		Line 11:

	==Cytokinin==		==Cytokinin==
			[[File:EVS463_Cytokinin_image.JPG\|right\|300px\|Organic and synthetic cytokinins]]
	The plant hormone cytokinin, produced in leaf tissues of plants, is primarily found in nature as a compound known as zeatin. Interestingly, "almost all organisms make cytokinin; for example, isopentenyl adenine derivatives found adjacent to the anticodon loop of a subset of tRNAs in most eukaryotes and bacteria" [5]. These were first discovered while searching for factors that promote cell proliferation in plant cells in concert with auxin to regulate cell division and differentiation [5].		The plant hormone cytokinin, produced in leaf tissues of plants, is primarily found in nature as a compound known as zeatin. Interestingly, "almost all organisms make cytokinin; for example, isopentenyl adenine derivatives found adjacent to the anticodon loop of a subset of tRNAs in most eukaryotes and bacteria" [5]. These were first discovered while searching for factors that promote cell proliferation in plant cells in concert with auxin to regulate cell division and differentiation [5].

Ephanrah: /* Auxin */

2021-04-26T19:36:34Z

Auxin

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 26 April 2021
Line 3:		Line 3:

	==Auxin==		==Auxin==
			[[File:EVS463_Auxin_Image.JPG\|right\|300px\|Organic and synthetic Auxins]]
	The plant hormone auxin, produced in the apical meristem, can be found in nature as a compound known as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and is primarily synthesized from the well-known amino acid tryptophan [4]. There are also synthetic auxins known as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) [3].		The plant hormone auxin, produced in the apical meristem, can be found in nature as a compound known as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and is primarily synthesized from the well-known amino acid tryptophan [4]. There are also synthetic auxins known as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) [3].