Pinedrop - Revision history

Mpmulvih at 17:15, 29 April 2025

2025-04-29T17:15:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:15, 29 April 2025
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	=='''Introduction'''==		=='''Introduction'''==
	Pterospora andromedea, commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the Heath family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that a plant takes nutrients like carbon from[[ectomycorrhizal fungi]][1]. Pinedrops take advantage of the mycoheterotrophic process by taking the nitrogen, carbon, and broken down [[soil]] nutrients from the fungi, stealing nutrients from[[plant roots]] specifically pine trees. Pinedrops are easily identified by their red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down. Stems in the eastern United States tend to reach a maximum height of 50cm, while some species on the west coast reach 100cm.[4]		Pterospora andromedea, commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the Heath family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that a plant takes nutrients like carbon from [[ectomycorrhizal fungi]][1]. Pinedrops take advantage of the mycoheterotrophic process by taking the nitrogen, carbon, and broken down [[soil]] nutrients from the fungi, stealing nutrients from[[plant roots]] specifically pine trees. Pinedrops are easily identified by their red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down. Stems in the eastern United States tend to reach a maximum height of 50cm, while some species on the west coast reach 100cm.[4]

	=='''Range & Habitat'''==		=='''Range & Habitat'''==

Mpmulvih at 17:12, 29 April 2025

2025-04-29T17:12:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:12, 29 April 2025
Line 10:		Line 10:

	=='''Introduction'''==		=='''Introduction'''==
	Pterospora andromedea, commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the Heath family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that ~~involves getting its~~ carbon and ~~other~~ nutrients from fungi ~~rather than photosynthesis~~ [1]. Pinedrops are easily identified by their red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down. Stems in the eastern United States tend to reach a maximum height of 50cm, while some species on the west coast reach 100cm.[4]		Pterospora andromedea, commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the Heath family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that a plant takes nutrients like carbon from[[ectomycorrhizal fungi]][1]. Pinedrops take advantage of the mycoheterotrophic process by taking the nitrogen, carbon, and broken down [[soil]] nutrients from the fungi, stealing nutrients from[[plant roots]] specifically pine trees. Pinedrops are easily identified by their red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down. Stems in the eastern United States tend to reach a maximum height of 50cm, while some species on the west coast reach 100cm.[4]

	=='''Range & Habitat'''==		=='''Range & Habitat'''==
	Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America, and commonly grow from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions such as the Northern Appalachians or the Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained, nutrient-poor soils [3]. They also need coniferous forests with ectomycorrhizal growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less disturbance because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on. In the eastern United States, Pinedrops are most commonly found in white pine forests[4].		Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America, and commonly grow from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions such as the Northern Appalachians or the Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained, nutrient-poor [[soils]] [3]. They also need coniferous forests with ectomycorrhizal growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less disturbance because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on. In the eastern United States, Pinedrops are most commonly found in white pine forests[4].

	=='''~~Mycroheterotrophy~~ and Role in Soil Ecology'''==		=='''Mycoheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==
	The mutualistic relationship between pines and ~~mycorrhizal~~ fungi allows Pinedrops to survive. ~~The~~ trees ~~provide the fungi with the~~ glucose ~~created~~ through photosynthesis. In exchange, the fungus provides nutrients the tree is not capable of retrieving on its own, like nitrogen. ~~Mycorrhizal~~ fungi can also make it easier for the tree to collect water [2]. Pinedrops are parasites and take advantage of this mutualism. ~~They take~~ the ~~nutrients~~ glucose ~~and water from~~ the fungi ~~while it~~ is ~~exchanging~~ with the ~~tree~~. These specific relationships and circumstances make the Pinedrop uncommon. They can also be used as an indicator to tell if a forest is thriving and when there are changes from effects like climate change[5].		The mutualistic relationship between pines and [[ectomycorrhizal fungi]] allows Pinedrops to survive. Pine trees produce glucose through photosynthesis, which is transferred through plant roots to fungi. In exchange, the fungus provides nutrients the tree is not capable of retrieving on its own, like nitrogen. [[Ectomycorrhizal fungi]] can also make it easier for the tree to collect water [2]. Pinedrops are parasites and take advantage of this mutualism by parasitizing the fungi. It is only a nuisance to the tree because the glucose being used to grow the fungi is going into supplying Pinedrops with the nutrients they need. These specific relationships and circumstances make the Pinedrop uncommon. They can also be used as an indicator to tell if a forest is thriving and when there are changes from effects like climate change[5]. Species like this will only be found in forests with high biodiversity and specific conditions.

	==Refrences==		==Refrences==

Mpmulvih at 16:30, 29 April 2025

2025-04-29T16:30:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:30, 29 April 2025
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	=='''Classification'''==		=='''Classification'''==

	Kingdom: ''~~Animalia~~''		Kingdom: ''Plantae''

	Phylum: ''Magnoliophyta''		Phylum: ''Magnoliophyta''
Line 10:		Line 10:

	=='''Introduction'''==		=='''Introduction'''==
	Pterospora andromedea, commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the ~~heath~~ family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that involves getting its carbon and other nutrients from fungi rather than photosynthesis [1]. ~~They have a~~ red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down.		Pterospora andromedea, commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the Heath family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that involves getting its carbon and other nutrients from fungi rather than photosynthesis [1]. Pinedrops are easily identified by their red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down. Stems in the eastern United States tend to reach a maximum height of 50cm, while some species on the west coast reach 100cm.[4]

	=='''Range & Habitat'''==		=='''Range & Habitat'''==
	Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America, and commonly ~~growing~~ from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions such as the Northern Appalachians or Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained ~~soils that are~~ nutrient-poor [3]. They also need coniferous forests with ectomycorrhizal growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less disturbance because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on.		Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America, and commonly grow from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions such as the Northern Appalachians or the Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained, nutrient-poor soils [3]. They also need coniferous forests with ectomycorrhizal growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less disturbance because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on. In the eastern United States, Pinedrops are most commonly found in white pine forests[4].

	=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==		=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==
	The mutualistic relationship between pines and mycorrhizal fungi allows Pinedrops to survive. The trees provide the fungi with the glucose created through photosynthesis in exchange the fungus provides nutrients the tree is not capable of ~~retreaving~~ on its own like nitrogen ~~the fungus~~ can also make it easier for the tree to collect water [2]. Pinedrops are parasites and take advantage of this mutualism. They take the nutrients glucose and water from the fungi while it is exchanging with the tree. These specific relationships and circumstances make the Pinedrop uncommon. They can also be used as an indicator to tell if a forest is thriving.		The mutualistic relationship between pines and mycorrhizal fungi allows Pinedrops to survive. The trees provide the fungi with the glucose created through photosynthesis. In exchange, the fungus provides nutrients the tree is not capable of retrieving on its own, like nitrogen. Mycorrhizal fungi can also make it easier for the tree to collect water [2]. Pinedrops are parasites and take advantage of this mutualism. They take the nutrients glucose and water from the fungi while it is exchanging with the tree. These specific relationships and circumstances make the Pinedrop uncommon. They can also be used as an indicator to tell if a forest is thriving and when there are changes from effects like climate change[5].

	==Refrences==		==Refrences==
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	[3]Woodland Pinedrops. (n.d.). . https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/pterospora_andromedea.shtml.		[3]Woodland Pinedrops. (n.d.). . https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/pterospora_andromedea.shtml.

			[4]Hazard, C., E. A. Lilleskov, and T. R. Horton. 2012. Is rarity of pinedrops (Pterospora andromedea) in eastern North America linked to rarity of its unique fungal symbiont? Mycorrhiza 22:393–402. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00572-011-0414-y

			[5]Grubisha, L. C., B. A. Nelson, N. J. Dowie, S. L. Miller, and M. R. Klooster. 2014. Characterization of microsatellite markers for pinedrops, Pterospora andromedea (Ericaceae), from Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Applications in Plant Sciences 2:1400072.https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3732/apps.1400072

Mpmulvih at 22:46, 18 April 2025

2025-04-18T22:46:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:46, 18 April 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	=='''Classification'''==		=='''Classification'''==

	Kingdom: ''~~Plantae~~''		Kingdom: ''Animalia''

	Phylum: ''Magnoliophyta''		Phylum: ''Magnoliophyta''

Lydiamul at 21:12, 15 April 2025

2025-04-15T21:12:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:12, 15 April 2025
Line 10:		Line 10:

	=='''Introduction'''==		=='''Introduction'''==
	Pterospora andromedea commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the heath family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that involves getting its carbon and other nutrients from fungi rather than photosynthesis [1]. They have a red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down.		Pterospora andromedea, commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the heath family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that involves getting its carbon and other nutrients from fungi rather than photosynthesis [1]. They have a red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down.

	=='''Range & Habitat'''==		=='''Range & Habitat'''==
	Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America commonly growing from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions ~~like~~ the ~~northern~~ Appalachians or Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained soils that are nutrient-poor [3]. They also need coniferous forests with ectomycorrhizal growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less disturbance because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on.		Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America, and commonly growing from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions such as the Northern Appalachians or Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained soils that are nutrient-poor [3]. They also need coniferous forests with ectomycorrhizal growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less disturbance because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on.

	=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==		=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==
	The mutualistic relationship between pines and ~~microrysal~~ fungi ~~is what~~ allows Pinedrops to survive. The trees provide the fungi with the glucose created through photosynthesis in exchange the fungus provides nutrients the tree is not capable of retreaving on its own like nitrogen the fungus can also make it easier for the tree to collect water [2]. Pinedrops are parasites and take advantage of this mutualism. They take the nutrients glucose and water from the fungi while it is exchanging with the tree. These specific relationships and circumstances make the Pinedrop uncommon. They can also be used as an indicator to tell if a forest is thriving.		The mutualistic relationship between pines and mycorrhizal fungi allows Pinedrops to survive. The trees provide the fungi with the glucose created through photosynthesis in exchange the fungus provides nutrients the tree is not capable of retreaving on its own like nitrogen the fungus can also make it easier for the tree to collect water [2]. Pinedrops are parasites and take advantage of this mutualism. They take the nutrients glucose and water from the fungi while it is exchanging with the tree. These specific relationships and circumstances make the Pinedrop uncommon. They can also be used as an indicator to tell if a forest is thriving.

	==Refrences==		==Refrences==

Alexsamo: /* Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology */

2025-04-04T16:38:23Z

Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:38, 4 April 2025
Line 16:		Line 16:

	=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==		=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==
	The mutualistic relationship between pines and microrysal fungi is what allows Pinedrops to survive. The trees provide the fungi with the glucose created through photosynthesis in exchange the fungus provides nutrients the tree is not capable of retreaving on its own like nitrogen the fungus can also make it easier for the tree to collect water[2]. Pinedrops are parasites and take advantage of this mutualism. They take the nutrients glucose and water from the fungi while it is exchanging with the tree. These specific relationships and circumstances make the Pinedrop uncommon. They can also be used as an indicator to tell if a forest is thriving.		The mutualistic relationship between pines and microrysal fungi is what allows Pinedrops to survive. The trees provide the fungi with the glucose created through photosynthesis in exchange the fungus provides nutrients the tree is not capable of retreaving on its own like nitrogen the fungus can also make it easier for the tree to collect water [2]. Pinedrops are parasites and take advantage of this mutualism. They take the nutrients glucose and water from the fungi while it is exchanging with the tree. These specific relationships and circumstances make the Pinedrop uncommon. They can also be used as an indicator to tell if a forest is thriving.

	==Refrences==		==Refrences==

Alexsamo: /* Range & Habitat */

2025-04-04T16:38:02Z

Range & Habitat

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:38, 4 April 2025
Line 13:		Line 13:

	=='''Range & Habitat'''==		=='''Range & Habitat'''==
	Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America commonly growing from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions like the northern Appalachians or Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained soils that are nutrient-poor [3]. They also need coniferous forests with ~~ectmycrorhizal~~ growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less ~~disterbnces~~ because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on.		Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America commonly growing from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions like the northern Appalachians or Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained soils that are nutrient-poor [3]. They also need coniferous forests with ectomycorrhizal growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less disturbance because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on.

	=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==		=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==

Alexsamo: /* Range & Habitat */

2025-04-04T16:37:00Z

Range & Habitat

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:37, 4 April 2025
Line 13:		Line 13:

	=='''Range & Habitat'''==		=='''Range & Habitat'''==
	Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America commonly growing from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions like the northern Appalachians or Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained soils that are nutrient-poor[3]. They also need coniferous forests with ectmycrorhizal growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less disterbnces because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on.		Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America commonly growing from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions like the northern Appalachians or Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained soils that are nutrient-poor [3]. They also need coniferous forests with ectmycrorhizal growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less disterbnces because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on.

	=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==		=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==

Alexsamo: /* Introduction */

2025-04-04T16:36:45Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:36, 4 April 2025
Line 10:		Line 10:

	=='''Introduction'''==		=='''Introduction'''==
	Pterospora andromedea commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the heath family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that involves getting its carbon and other nutrients from fungi rather than photosynthesis[1]. They have a red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down.		Pterospora andromedea commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the heath family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that involves getting its carbon and other nutrients from fungi rather than photosynthesis [1]. They have a red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down.

	=='''Range & Habitat'''==		=='''Range & Habitat'''==

Mpmulvih at 02:44, 1 April 2025

2025-04-01T02:44:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 31 March 2025
Line 10:		Line 10:

	=='''Introduction'''==		=='''Introduction'''==
	Pterospora andromedea commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the heath family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that involves getting its carbon and other nutrients from fungi rather than photosynthesis. They have a red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down.		Pterospora andromedea commonly known as Pinedrops, is a parasitic plant of the heath family. This plant relies on mycoheterotrophy, the plant nutrition tactic that involves getting its carbon and other nutrients from fungi rather than photosynthesis[1]. They have a red stalk with bell-shaped flowers that hang upside down.

	=='''Range & Habitat'''==		=='''Range & Habitat'''==
	Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America commonly growing from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions like the northern Appalachians or Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained soils that are nutrient-poor. They also need coniferous forests with ectmycrorhizal growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less disterbnces because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on.		Pinedrops are native to coniferous forests of North America commonly growing from the [[soil]] below pine trees. Populations can be found in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, though it is most commonly found in mountainous regions like the northern Appalachians or Rockies. Pinedrop grows well in acidic, well-drained soils that are nutrient-poor[3]. They also need coniferous forests with ectmycrorhizal growth, which they rely on for nutrients. Pinedrops are more likely to be found in older forests with less disterbnces because these conditions promote the growth of the fungi systems they prey on.

	=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==		=='''Mycroheterotrophy and Role in Soil Ecology'''==
	The mutualistic relationship between pines and microrysal fungi is what allows Pinedrops to survive. The trees provide the fungi with the glucose created through photosynthesis in exchange the fungus provides nutrients the tree is not capable of retreaving on its own like nitrogen the fungus can also make it easier for the tree to collect water. Pinedrops are parasites and take advantage of this mutualism. They take the nutrients glucose and water from the fungi while it is exchanging with the tree. These specific relationships and circumstances make the Pinedrop uncommon. They can also be used as an indicator to tell if a forest is thriving.		The mutualistic relationship between pines and microrysal fungi is what allows Pinedrops to survive. The trees provide the fungi with the glucose created through photosynthesis in exchange the fungus provides nutrients the tree is not capable of retreaving on its own like nitrogen the fungus can also make it easier for the tree to collect water[2]. Pinedrops are parasites and take advantage of this mutualism. They take the nutrients glucose and water from the fungi while it is exchanging with the tree. These specific relationships and circumstances make the Pinedrop uncommon. They can also be used as an indicator to tell if a forest is thriving.

	==Refrences==		==Refrences==