Microplastics - Revision history

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2023-05-10T18:07:04Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:07, 10 May 2023
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	==Plastic Mulching==		==Plastic Mulching==
	[[File:20110829-FSA-XX-0028 - Flickr - USDAgov.jpg\|120px\|left\|thumb\|Plastic mulching in agriculture]]		[[File:20110829-FSA-XX-0028 - Flickr - USDAgov.jpg\|120px\|left\|thumb\|Plastic mulching in agriculture]]
	Plastic mulch is used to conserve water and subdue weed growth in agriculture. Conventional plastic polymers are typically used as biodegradable alternatives are usually much more expensive [3]. Plastic polymers tend to accumulate in soil as it is broken down due to lack of economical and legal incentive surrounding removal of plastic mulching [1].		Plastic mulch is used to conserve water and subdue weed growth in [[agriculture]]. Conventional plastic polymers are typically used as biodegradable alternatives are usually much more expensive [3]. Plastic polymers tend to accumulate in soil as it is broken down due to lack of economical and legal incentive surrounding removal of plastic mulching [1].

Ephanrah: Fixed citation spacing

2021-05-05T18:32:08Z

Fixed citation spacing

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	DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02212		DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02212

	[8]Kim, S. W., and Y.-J. An. 2019. Soil microplastics inhibit the movement of springtail species. Environment International 126:699–706.		[8] Kim, S. W., and Y.-J. An. 2019. Soil microplastics inhibit the movement of springtail species. Environment International 126:699–706.

	[9]Rahman, Arifur, et al. “Potential Human Health Risks Due to Environmental Exposure to Nano- and Microplastics and Knowledge Gaps: A Scoping Review.” The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 757, Elsevier B.V, 2021, pp. 143872–143872, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143872.		[9] Rahman, Arifur, et al. “Potential Human Health Risks Due to Environmental Exposure to Nano- and Microplastics and Knowledge Gaps: A Scoping Review.” The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 757, Elsevier B.V, 2021, pp. 143872–143872, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143872.

	[10]Li, Jingyi, et al. “Microplastics in Freshwater Systems: A Review on Occurrence, Environmental Effects, and Methods for Microplastics Detection.” Water Research (Oxford), vol. 137, Elsevier Ltd, 2018, pp. 362–74, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.056.		[10] Li, Jingyi, et al. “Microplastics in Freshwater Systems: A Review on Occurrence, Environmental Effects, and Methods for Microplastics Detection.” Water Research (Oxford), vol. 137, Elsevier Ltd, 2018, pp. 362–74, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.056.

Ephanrah: Fixed citation error for [10]

2021-05-05T18:31:26Z

Fixed citation error for [10]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:31, 5 May 2021
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	[9]Rahman, Arifur, et al. “Potential Human Health Risks Due to Environmental Exposure to Nano- and Microplastics and Knowledge Gaps: A Scoping Review.” The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 757, Elsevier B.V, 2021, pp. 143872–143872, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143872.		[9]Rahman, Arifur, et al. “Potential Human Health Risks Due to Environmental Exposure to Nano- and Microplastics and Knowledge Gaps: A Scoping Review.” The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 757, Elsevier B.V, 2021, pp. 143872–143872, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143872.

	[10]2. Li, Jingyi, et al. “Microplastics in Freshwater Systems: A Review on Occurrence, Environmental Effects, and Methods for Microplastics Detection.” Water Research (Oxford), vol. 137, Elsevier Ltd, 2018, pp. 362–74, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.056.		[10]Li, Jingyi, et al. “Microplastics in Freshwater Systems: A Review on Occurrence, Environmental Effects, and Methods for Microplastics Detection.” Water Research (Oxford), vol. 137, Elsevier Ltd, 2018, pp. 362–74, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.056.

Ephanrah: Addition of the definition of a microplastic, primary and secondary MPs, and human health risks

2021-05-05T18:28:35Z

Addition of the definition of a microplastic, primary and secondary MPs, and human health risks

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-==Overview==
+===Secondary Microplastics===
-Most commonly studied for the detrimental effects caused in marine environments, the impact of '''Microplastics''' on [[soil]] ecosystems have been largely neglected. The main sources of microplastic pollution in soil is thought to be plastic mulching film and fertilizer produced through waste water irrigation [1].
+Secondary microplastics are typically derived from the fragmentation or degradation of larger plastic debris through a few processes including photo-degradation, physical, chemical and biological interactions [10]. The majority of microplastics are categorized as secondary microplastics, and can originate from both land and ocean based sources including the following: [10]
-‎[[File:Microplasticsfoundinsoil.jpg|center|thumb|450px| A microscopic look at plastic microfibers found in soil.]]
+*Fishing nets
 ==Plastic Mulching==
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 [8]Kim, S. W., and Y.-J. An. 2019. Soil microplastics inhibit the movement of springtail species. Environment International 126:699–706.

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2021-04-29T17:07:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:07, 29 April 2021
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	==Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health==		==Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health==
	[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A [[springtail]], whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]		[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A [[springtail]], whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]
	The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant [[ecology]] in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[springtail]], an organism that plays a part in soil ecology [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].		The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant [[ecology]] in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[springtail]], an organism that plays a part in [[Soil Ecology\|soil ecology]] [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2021-04-29T17:04:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:04, 29 April 2021
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	==Overview==		==Overview==
	Most commonly studied for the detrimental effects caused in marine environments, the impact of '''Microplastics''' on soil ecosystems have been largely neglected. The main sources of microplastic pollution in soil is thought to be plastic mulching film and fertilizer produced through waste water irrigation [1].		Most commonly studied for the detrimental effects caused in marine environments, the impact of '''Microplastics''' on [[soil]] ecosystems have been largely neglected. The main sources of microplastic pollution in soil is thought to be plastic mulching film and fertilizer produced through waste water irrigation [1].
	‎[[File:Microplasticsfoundinsoil.jpg\|center\|thumb\|450px\| A microscopic look at plastic microfibers found in soil.]]		‎[[File:Microplasticsfoundinsoil.jpg\|center\|thumb\|450px\| A microscopic look at plastic microfibers found in soil.]]

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	==Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health==		==Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health==
	[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A [[springtail]], whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]		[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A [[springtail]], whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]
	The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant ecology in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[springtail]], an organism that plays a part in soil ecology [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].		The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant [[ecology]] in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[springtail]], an organism that plays a part in soil ecology [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].


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	[5] Rodríguez-Seijo, Andrés & Pereira, Ruth. (2019). Chapter 3. Microplastics in Agricultural Soils: Are They a Real Environmental Hazard?. 10.1201/9781315205137.		[5] Rodríguez-Seijo, Andrés & Pereira, Ruth. (2019). Chapter 3. Microplastics in Agricultural Soils: Are They a Real Environmental Hazard?. 10.1201/9781315205137.

	[6] Luís Carlos de Sá, Miguel Oliveira, Francisca Ribeiro, Thiago Lopes Rocha, Martyn Norman Futter.(2018).studies of the effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms: What do we know and where should we focus our efforts in the future?.Science of The Total Environment.Volume.645.1029-1039.0048-9697.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.207		[6] Luís Carlos de Sá, Miguel Oliveira, Francisca Ribeiro, Thiago Lopes Rocha, Martyn Norman Futter.(2018).studies of the effects of microplastics on aquatic [[organisms]]: What do we know and where should we focus our efforts in the future?.Science of The Total Environment.Volume.645.1029-1039.0048-9697.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.207

	[7] Anderson Abel de Souza Machado, Chung Wai Lau, Jennifer Till, Werner Kloas, Anika Lehmann, Roland Becker, and Matthias C. Rillig		[7] Anderson Abel de Souza Machado, Chung Wai Lau, Jennifer Till, Werner Kloas, Anika Lehmann, Roland Becker, and Matthias C. Rillig

Kyledesi at 12:43, 8 May 2019

2019-05-08T12:43:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:43, 8 May 2019
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	[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A [[springtail]], whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]		[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A [[springtail]], whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]
	The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant ecology in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[springtail]], an organism that plays a part in soil ecology [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].		The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant ecology in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[springtail]], an organism that plays a part in soil ecology [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].

Kyledesi at 12:43, 8 May 2019

2019-05-08T12:43:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:43, 8 May 2019
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	[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A [[springtail]], whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]		[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A [[springtail]], whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]
	The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant ecology in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[springtail]], an organism that plays a part in soil ecology [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].		The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant ecology in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[springtail]], an organism that plays a part in soil ecology [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].




	==Refrences==		==Refrences==

Kyledesi: /* Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health */

2019-05-08T12:42:51Z

Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:42, 8 May 2019
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	==Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health==		==Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health==
	[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A springtail, whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]		[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A [[springtail]], whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]
	The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant ecology in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[springtail]], an organism that plays a part in soil ecology [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].		The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant ecology in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[springtail]], an organism that plays a part in soil ecology [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].

Kyledesi: /* Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health */

2019-05-08T12:42:26Z

Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:42, 8 May 2019
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	==Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health==		==Potential Impacts on Plant and Soil Health==
	[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A springtail, whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]		[[File:Isotoma Habitus.jpg\|left\|200px\|thumb\|A springtail, whose movement and ability to escape predations may be debilitated due to microplastic interference with the furcula appendage.]]
	The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant ecology in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[~~collembola~~]], an organism that plays a part in soil ecology [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].		The vast potential consequences of microplastics on soil and plant ecology in generally unknown [2]. In a study conducted over five weeks, soil was exposed to a concentration of up to 2% of micro-fibrous plastics. Bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity were all measured. It was concluded that microplastics effected the bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, and the relationship between microbes and soil. The study suggests that microplastics could potentially be interfering with [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], a crucial symbiotic relationship many plants rely on. In another study, it was found that microplastics actually inhibit the movement of [[springtail]], an organism that plays a part in soil ecology [8]. There is a clear and surprising knowledge gap on the effects on microplastics on soils and more research is needed in order get a better understanding of the problem and the solutions to fix it [1].







	==Refrences==		==Refrences==