Lignin - Revision history

Betrotte at 15:59, 9 May 2023

2023-05-09T15:59:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:59, 9 May 2023
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	== Description ==		== Description ==
	'''Lignin''' is a complex polymer found in the cell walls of many plant species. Lignin is especially important in the formation of cell walls in rigid and woody plant species. Lignin is incredibly rigid, allowing tree species to grow tall, while also allowing for movement of the branches in the presence of stressors such as wind and animal inhabitance. Lignin also aids in the transportation of water and minerals throughout the organism [1]. Lastly, it provides the plant with mechanisms that resist damage from pathogens and invading pests. All plants containing lignin are called tracheophytes, ~~which~~ have a vascular system of roots, leaves, and stems. Plants without lignin are called bryophytes and are non-vascular with no roots, leaves, or stems [2].		'''Lignin''' is a complex polymer found in the cell walls of many plant species. Lignin is especially important in the formation of cell walls in rigid and woody plant species. Lignin is incredibly rigid, allowing tree species to grow tall, while also allowing for movement of the branches in the presence of stressors such as wind and animal inhabitance. Lignin also aids in the transportation of water and minerals throughout the organism [1]. Lastly, it provides the plant with mechanisms that resist damage from pathogens and invading pests. All plants containing lignin are called tracheophytes, meaning they have a vascular system of roots, leaves, and stems. Plants without lignin are called bryophytes and are non-vascular with no roots, leaves, or stems [2].

	== Structure ==		== Structure ==
	Lignin is formed by the crossing of lignols. There are three main types of lignols; coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and paracoumaryl alcohol. These lignols are found in all plant species containing lignin. However, their abundance will change according to the rigidity and type of ~~the~~ wood they are found in. Hardwoods have a higher abundance of coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, ~~while~~ softwoods are ~~more rich~~ in coniferyl alcohol, and grasses have a higher abundance of sinapyl units. A higher concentration of lignin of any kind will result in a more rigid material [3].		Lignin is formed by the crossing of lignols. There are three main types of lignols; coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and paracoumaryl alcohol. These lignols are found in all plant species containing lignin. However, their abundance will change according to the rigidity and type of wood they are found in. Hardwoods have a higher abundance of coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, softwoods are richer in coniferyl alcohol, and grasses have a higher abundance of sinapyl units. A higher concentration of lignin of any kind will result in a more rigid material [3].

	[[File:Lignin.jpg\|125px\|thumb\|left\|structure of the 3 main lignols]]		[[File:Lignin.jpg\|125px\|thumb\|left\|structure of the 3 main lignols]]
Line 12:		Line 12:

	[[File:pinetree.jpeg\|150px\|thumb\|center\|Pine Tree, very common Softwood (less lignin)]]		[[File:pinetree.jpeg\|150px\|thumb\|center\|Pine Tree, very common Softwood (less lignin)]]




	== Ecological Importance ==		== Ecological Importance ==
	Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest [[decomposers]] of lignin since they have the ability to produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick-start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].		Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest [[decomposers]] of lignin since they have the ability to produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick-start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].

	Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In addition to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. While a plant's leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin itself is hydrophobic, or water-repellent. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water, which allows the plant to transport it more efficiently [5]. The last major significance of lignin is its ability to act as a antimicrobial defense polymer, meaning it can protect the plants that contain it from pathogens. It does this by activating various pathogen-fighting genes when an attack is detected, all with the help of the enzyme polymerase [6].		Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In addition to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. While a plant's leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin itself is hydrophobic, or water-repellent. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water, which allows the plant to transport it more efficiently [5]. The last major significance of lignin is its ability to act as an antimicrobial defense polymer, meaning it can protect the plants that contain it from pathogens. It does this by activating various pathogen-fighting genes when an attack is detected, all with the help of the enzyme polymerase [6].

	== References==		== References==

Kvvullo: /* Ecological Importance */

2023-05-08T16:29:04Z

Ecological Importance

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:29, 8 May 2023
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	Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest [[decomposers]] of lignin since they have the ability to produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick-start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].		Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest [[decomposers]] of lignin since they have the ability to produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick-start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].

	Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In addition to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. While a plant's leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin itself is hydrophobic, or water-repellent. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water, which allows the plant to transport it more efficiently [5]. The last major significance of lignin is its ability to act as an antimicrobial defense polymer, meaning it can protect the plants that contain it from pathogens. It does this by activating various pathogen-fighting genes when an attack is detected, all with the help of the enzyme polymerase [6].		Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In addition to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. While a plant's leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin itself is hydrophobic, or water-repellent. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water, which allows the plant to transport it more efficiently [5]. The last major significance of lignin is its ability to act as a antimicrobial defense polymer, meaning it can protect the plants that contain it from pathogens. It does this by activating various pathogen-fighting genes when an attack is detected, all with the help of the enzyme polymerase [6].

	== References==		== References==

Kvvullo: /* Ecological Importance */

2023-05-08T16:28:22Z

Ecological Importance

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:28, 8 May 2023
Line 16:		Line 16:
	Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest [[decomposers]] of lignin since they have the ability to produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick-start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].		Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest [[decomposers]] of lignin since they have the ability to produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick-start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].

	Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose ~~and~~ hemicellulose and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In addition to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. While a plant's leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin itself is hydrophobic, or water-repellent. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water, which allows the plant to transport it more efficiently [5]. The last major significance of lignin is its ability to act as an antimicrobial defense polymer, meaning it can protect the plants that contain it from pathogens. It does this by activating various pathogen-fighting genes when an attack is detected, all with the help of the enzyme polymerase [6].		Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In addition to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. While a plant's leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin itself is hydrophobic, or water-repellent. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water, which allows the plant to transport it more efficiently [5]. The last major significance of lignin is its ability to act as an antimicrobial defense polymer, meaning it can protect the plants that contain it from pathogens. It does this by activating various pathogen-fighting genes when an attack is detected, all with the help of the enzyme polymerase [6].

	== References==		== References==

Kvvullo: /* Ecological Importance */

2023-05-08T16:27:52Z

Ecological Importance

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:27, 8 May 2023
Line 14:		Line 14:

	== Ecological Importance ==		== Ecological Importance ==
	Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest [[decomposers]] of lignin since they have the ability produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].		Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest [[decomposers]] of lignin since they have the ability to produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick-start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].

	Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose and hemicellulose and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In addition to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. While a plant's leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin itself is hydrophobic, or water-repellent. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water, which allows the plant to transport it more efficiently [5]. The last major significance of lignin is its ability to act as an antimicrobial defense polymer, meaning it can protect the plants that contain it from pathogens. It does this by activating various pathogen-fighting genes when an attack is detected, all with the help of the enzyme polymerase [6].		Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose and hemicellulose and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In addition to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. While a plant's leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin itself is hydrophobic, or water-repellent. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water, which allows the plant to transport it more efficiently [5]. The last major significance of lignin is its ability to act as an antimicrobial defense polymer, meaning it can protect the plants that contain it from pathogens. It does this by activating various pathogen-fighting genes when an attack is detected, all with the help of the enzyme polymerase [6].

Kvvullo: /* Structure */

2023-05-08T16:26:41Z

Structure

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:26, 8 May 2023
Line 5:		Line 5:

	== Structure ==		== Structure ==
	Lignin is formed by the crossing of lignols. There are three main types of lignols; coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and paracoumaryl alcohol. These lignols are found in all plant species containing lignin, ~~however~~ their abundance will change according to the rigidity and type of the wood they are found in. Hardwoods have a higher abundance of coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, while softwoods are more rich in coniferyl alcohol, and grasses have a higher abundance of sinapyl units. A higher concentration of lignin of any kind will result in a more rigid material [3].		Lignin is formed by the crossing of lignols. There are three main types of lignols; coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and paracoumaryl alcohol. These lignols are found in all plant species containing lignin. However, their abundance will change according to the rigidity and type of the wood they are found in. Hardwoods have a higher abundance of coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, while softwoods are more rich in coniferyl alcohol, and grasses have a higher abundance of sinapyl units. A higher concentration of lignin of any kind will result in a more rigid material [3].

	[[File:Lignin.jpg\|125px\|thumb\|left\|structure of the 3 main lignols]]		[[File:Lignin.jpg\|125px\|thumb\|left\|structure of the 3 main lignols]]

Mastrong at 19:02, 7 May 2023

2023-05-07T19:02:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:02, 7 May 2023
Line 19:		Line 19:

	== References==		== References==
	[1] Bodo, S. & Lehnen, R. (July 2007). "Lignin". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a15_305.pub3		[1] Bodo, S. & Lehnen, R. (July 2007). "Lignin". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a15_305.pub3

	[2] Jing-Ke W., Xu, L., Stout, J., & Chappel, C. (June 2008). "Independent origins of syringyl lignin in vascular plants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801696105		[2] Jing-Ke W., Xu, L., Stout, J., & Chappel, C. (June 2008). "Independent origins of syringyl lignin in vascular plants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801696105

	[3] Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., & Baucher, M. (June 2003). "Lignin biosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54 (1): 519–549. doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938		[3] Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., & Baucher, M. (June 2003). "Lignin biosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54 (1): 519–549. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938

	[4] Gadd, G. & Sariaslani, S. (March 2013). Advances in applied microbiology. Vol. 82. Oxford: Academic. pp. 1–28. ISBN 9780124076792. OCLC 841913543		[4] Gadd, G. & Sariaslani, S. (March 2013). Advances in applied microbiology. Vol. 82. Oxford: Academic. pp. 1–28. ISBN 9780124076792. OCLC 841913543

	[5] Sarkanen, K. V. & Ludwig, C. H. (eds) (March 1972). "Lignins: Occurrence, Formation, Structure, and Reactions". Journal of Polymer Science New York: Wiley Interscience. doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.110100315		[5] Sarkanen, K. V. & Ludwig, C. H. (eds) (March 1972). "Lignins: Occurrence, Formation, Structure, and Reactions". Journal of Polymer Science New York: Wiley Interscience. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.110100315

	[6] Xie, M., J. Zhang, T. J. Tschaplinski, G. A. Tuskan, J. G. Chen, & W. Muchero. (September 2018). "Regulation of lignin biosynthesis and its role in growth-defense tradeoffs". Frontiers in Plant Science 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01427		[6] Xie, M., J. Zhang, T. J. Tschaplinski, G. A. Tuskan, J. G. Chen, & W. Muchero. (September 2018). "Regulation of lignin biosynthesis and its role in growth-defense tradeoffs". Frontiers in Plant Science 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01427

Mastrong: /* References */

2023-05-06T16:58:42Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:58, 6 May 2023
Line 19:		Line 19:

	== References==		== References==
	[1] Bodo, S. & Lehnen, R. (July 2007). "Lignin". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_305.pub3		[1] Bodo, S. & Lehnen, R. (July 2007). "Lignin". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a15_305.pub3

	[2] Jing-Ke W., Xu, L., Stout, J., & Chappel, C. (June 2008). "Independent origins of syringyl lignin in vascular plants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.0801696105		[2] Jing-Ke W., Xu, L., Stout, J., & Chappel, C. (June 2008). "Independent origins of syringyl lignin in vascular plants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801696105

	[3] Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., & Baucher, M. (June 2003). "Lignin biosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54 (1): 519–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938		[3] Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., & Baucher, M. (June 2003). "Lignin biosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54 (1): 519–549. doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938

	[4] Gadd, G. & Sariaslani, S. (March 2013). Advances in applied microbiology. Vol. 82. Oxford: Academic. pp. 1–28. ISBN 9780124076792. OCLC 841913543		[4] Gadd, G. & Sariaslani, S. (March 2013). Advances in applied microbiology. Vol. 82. Oxford: Academic. pp. 1–28. ISBN 9780124076792. OCLC 841913543

	[5] Sarkanen, K. V. & Ludwig, C. H. (eds) (March 1972). "Lignins: Occurrence, Formation, Structure, and Reactions". Journal of Polymer Science New York: Wiley Interscience. doi:10.1002/pol.1972.110100315		[5] Sarkanen, K. V. & Ludwig, C. H. (eds) (March 1972). "Lignins: Occurrence, Formation, Structure, and Reactions". Journal of Polymer Science New York: Wiley Interscience. doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.110100315

	[6] Xie, M., J. Zhang, T. J. Tschaplinski, G. A. Tuskan, J. G. Chen, & W. Muchero. (September 2018). "Regulation of lignin biosynthesis and its role in growth-defense tradeoffs". Frontiers in Plant Science 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01427		[6] Xie, M., J. Zhang, T. J. Tschaplinski, G. A. Tuskan, J. G. Chen, & W. Muchero. (September 2018). "Regulation of lignin biosynthesis and its role in growth-defense tradeoffs". Frontiers in Plant Science 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01427

Mastrong: /* References */

2023-05-06T16:55:58Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:55, 6 May 2023
Line 19:		Line 19:

	== References==		== References==
	[1] Bodo, S., & Lehnen, R. (July 2007). "Lignin". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_305.pub3		[1] Bodo, S. & Lehnen, R. (July 2007). "Lignin". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_305.pub3

	[2] Jing-Ke W., Xu, L., Stout, J., Chappel, C. (June 2008). "Independent origins of syringyl lignin in vascular plants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.0801696105		[2] Jing-Ke W., Xu, L., Stout, J., & Chappel, C. (June 2008). "Independent origins of syringyl lignin in vascular plants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.0801696105

	[3] Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., Baucher, M. (June 2003). "Lignin biosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54 (1): 519–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938		[3] Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., & Baucher, M. (June 2003). "Lignin biosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54 (1): 519–549. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938

	[4] Gadd, G., Sariaslani, S. (March 2013). Advances in applied microbiology. Vol. 82. Oxford: Academic. pp. 1–28. ISBN 9780124076792. OCLC 841913543		[4] Gadd, G. & Sariaslani, S. (March 2013). Advances in applied microbiology. Vol. 82. Oxford: Academic. pp. 1–28. ISBN 9780124076792. OCLC 841913543

	[5] Sarkanen, K. V., & Ludwig, C. H. (eds) (March 1972). "Lignins: Occurrence, Formation, Structure, and Reactions". Journal of Polymer Science New York: Wiley Interscience. doi:10.1002/pol.1972.110100315		[5] Sarkanen, K. V. & Ludwig, C. H. (eds) (March 1972). "Lignins: Occurrence, Formation, Structure, and Reactions". Journal of Polymer Science New York: Wiley Interscience. doi:10.1002/pol.1972.110100315

			[6] Xie, M., J. Zhang, T. J. Tschaplinski, G. A. Tuskan, J. G. Chen, & W. Muchero. (September 2018). "Regulation of lignin biosynthesis and its role in growth-defense tradeoffs". Frontiers in Plant Science 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01427

Mastrong: /* Ecological Importance */

2023-05-06T16:50:53Z

Ecological Importance

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:50, 6 May 2023
Line 16:		Line 16:
	Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest [[decomposers]] of lignin since they have the ability produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].		Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest [[decomposers]] of lignin since they have the ability produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].

	Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose and hemicellulose and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In ~~edition~~ to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. ~~while~~ a ~~plants~~ leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin is hydrophobic. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water ~~allowing~~ the plant to transport it more efficiently [5].		Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose and hemicellulose and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In addition to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. While a plant's leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin itself is hydrophobic, or water-repellent. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water, which allows the plant to transport it more efficiently [5]. The last major significance of lignin is its ability to act as an antimicrobial defense polymer, meaning it can protect the plants that contain it from pathogens. It does this by activating various pathogen-fighting genes when an attack is detected, all with the help of the enzyme polymerase [6].

	== References==		== References==

Mastrong: /* Structure */

2023-05-06T16:11:32Z

Structure

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:11, 6 May 2023
Line 5:		Line 5:

	== Structure ==		== Structure ==
	Lignin is formed by the crossing of lignols. There are three main types of lignols; ~~conyferal~~ alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and paracoumaryl alcohol. These lignols are found in all plant species containing lignin, however their abundance will change according to the rigidity and type of the wood they are found in ~~[3]~~. Hardwoods have a higher abundance of ~~conyferal~~ alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, while softwoods are more rich in ~~conyferal~~ alcohol, and grasses have a higher abundance of ~~sianpyl~~ units. ~~The~~ higher ~~the~~ concentration of lignin of any kind will result in a more rigid material.		Lignin is formed by the crossing of lignols. There are three main types of lignols; coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and paracoumaryl alcohol. These lignols are found in all plant species containing lignin, however their abundance will change according to the rigidity and type of the wood they are found in. Hardwoods have a higher abundance of coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, while softwoods are more rich in coniferyl alcohol, and grasses have a higher abundance of sinapyl units. A higher concentration of lignin of any kind will result in a more rigid material [3].

	[[File:Lignin.jpg\|125px\|thumb\|left\|structure of the 3 main lignols]]		[[File:Lignin.jpg\|125px\|thumb\|left\|structure of the 3 main lignols]]
Line 11:		Line 11:
	[[File:oaktree.jpeg\|125px\|thumb\|right\|Oak Tree, very common Hardwood (contains more lignin)]]		[[File:oaktree.jpeg\|125px\|thumb\|right\|Oak Tree, very common Hardwood (contains more lignin)]]

	[[File:pinetree.jpeg\|150px\|thumb\|center\|Pine Tree, very common Softwood (less. lignin)]]		[[File:pinetree.jpeg\|150px\|thumb\|center\|Pine Tree, very common Softwood (less lignin)]]

	== Ecological Importance ==		== Ecological Importance ==
	Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest decomposers of lignin since they have the ability produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].		Lignin plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle. Lignin absorbs atmospheric carbon and holds it within the plant tissue. It also is one of the slowest [[decomposing]] materials of a dead tree, becoming a very high fraction of the production of [[humus]] and top [[soil]]. Only a small amount of [[organisms]] are able to decompose lignin. Fungi are known to be the greatest [[decomposers]] of lignin since they have the ability produce an extracellular peroxidase that can kick start the [[decomposition]] of the material [4].

	Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose and hemicellulose and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In edition to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. while a plants leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin is hydrophobic. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water allowing the plant to transport it more efficiently [5].		Lignin fills in the extracellular space between cellulose and hemicellulose and pectin creating a dense, rigid structure to support the plant. In edition to providing rigidity and support, lignin also aids in the transport of water through the plant. while a plants leaf tissue can easily absorb water, lignin is hydrophobic. Its presence in the tissue of the leaves acts as a barrier, slowing down the absorption of water allowing the plant to transport it more efficiently [5].