Hydraulic Actions of Water - Revision history

Teresato at 19:21, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T19:21:46Z

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	Hydraulic action is the physical weathering of materials caused by the movement of water over rocks [6]. This process can lead to ~~the~~ erosion of sediments and rocks along the ~~shorlines~~ via flowing water in rivers, streams and break waves in other bodies of water [7].		Hydraulic action is the physical weathering of materials caused by the movement of water over rocks [6]. This process can lead to different forms of erosion of sediments and rocks along the shorelines via flowing water in rivers, streams, and break waves in other bodies of water [7].

	== Physical Properties of Water ==		== Physical Properties of Water ==

Teresato: /* Vapor: */

2021-05-05T19:00:37Z

Vapor:

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	=== Vapor: ===		=== Vapor: ===
	Water vapor is a direct interaction between soil and the atmosphere. Dry ~~soils~~ will maintain a relativity humidity of 98% [2]. Soil [[organisms]] living in this humid environment rely on a habitat saturated with water through absorbing and loosing water via their integuments [1].		Water vapor is a direct interaction between [[soil]] and the atmosphere. Dry [[soil]]s will maintain a relativity humidity of 98% [2]. [[Soil]] [[organisms]] living in this humid [[environment] rely on a habitat saturated with water through absorbing and loosing water via their integuments [1].

	== Molecular Properties of Water ==		== Molecular Properties of Water ==

Teresato: /* Physical Properties of water */

2021-05-05T18:59:43Z

Physical Properties of water

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	Hydraulic action is the physical weathering of materials caused by the movement of water over rocks [6]. This process can lead to the erosion of sediments and rocks along the shorlines via flowing water in rivers, streams and break waves in other bodies of water [7].		Hydraulic action is the physical weathering of materials caused by the movement of water over rocks [6]. This process can lead to the erosion of sediments and rocks along the shorlines via flowing water in rivers, streams and break waves in other bodies of water [7].

	== Physical Properties of ~~water~~ ==		== Physical Properties of Water ==
	Water is present almost everywhere in [[soil]] held by strong capillary forces. In soils, water is a large contributor to biochemical factors [3]. Water influences the movement of solids, liquids, and gasses [3]. Water also is one of the greatest factors controlling flora growth and development [3].[[File:Water functions.jpg \|thumb\|'''Figure 1:''' The interactions of water with solids, liquids, and gases [3]]]		Water is present almost everywhere in [[soil]] held by strong capillary forces. In soils, water is a large contributor to biochemical factors [3]. Water influences the movement of solids, liquids, and gasses [3]. Water also is one of the greatest factors controlling flora growth and development [3].[[File:Water functions.jpg \|thumb\|'''Figure 1:''' The interactions of water with solids, liquids, and gases [3]]]

Teresato: /* Soil Wetness */

2021-05-05T18:57:40Z

Soil Wetness

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	== Soil Wetness ==		== Soil Wetness ==

	~~'''Max Retentive Capacity:''' All~~ pores are filled with water also referred to as saturation [2]. This occurs right after a rain event or snowmelt		Soil wetness is the quantity of water contained in the soil. at max retentive capacity all pores in the soil are filled with water. this can also be referred to as saturation [2]. This occurs right after a rain event or snowmelt. Field Capacity is the maximum soil water content after gravity forces drain soil water [2]. This occurs around 1-3 days after a rain event and is used by plants [2]. Wilting Point is reached when the soil water content is at or below the level that [[plant roots]] can reach to absorb [2].

	~~'''~~Field Capacity~~:''' Maximum~~ soil water content after gravity forces drain soil water [2]. This occurs around 1-3 days after a rain event and is used by plants [2].

	~~'''~~Wilting Point~~:''' When~~ the soil water content is at or below the level that [[plant roots]] can reach to absorb [2].

	More information in [[Water Behavior in Soils]]		More information in [[Water Behavior in Soils]]

Teresato: /* Soil Water Types */

2021-05-05T18:55:06Z

Soil Water Types

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	=== Gravitational Water: ===		=== Gravitational Water: ===
	Gravitational water is found in macropores within the [[soil]], this form of water movement occurs when water moves rapidly through well drained soils [4]. This type of groundwater is considered not available to plants since it is temporally in place often draining away quickly [4]. Water can move through the unsaturated and saturated zones of soil via infiltration or percolation [2].		Gravitational water is found in macropores within the [[soil]], this form of water movement occurs when water moves rapidly through well drained soils [4]. This type of groundwater is considered not available to plants since it is temporally in place often draining away quickly [4]. Water can move through the unsaturated and saturated zones of soil via infiltration or percolation [2].

	=== Capillary Water: ===		=== Capillary Water: ===
	Capillary water can be found in the micropores of soil. This is the water available to plants [4]. Water molecules are held in soil through cohesion and adhesion forces being stronger than gravitational forces [4].		Capillary water can be found in the micropores of soil. This is the water available to plants [4]. Water molecules are held in soil through cohesion and adhesion forces being stronger than gravitational forces [4].

	=== Hygroscopic Water: ===		=== Hygroscopic Water: ===
	Hygroscopic water is water that forms a very thin film around [[soil]] particles not available to plants [3]. [[Clay]] particles hold onto this water strongly due to a large surface area [2]. Hygroscopic water is created through adhesion forces [4].		Hygroscopic water is water that forms a very thin film around [[soil]] particles not available to plants [3]. [[Clay]] particles hold onto this water strongly due to a large surface area [2]. Hygroscopic water is created through adhesion forces [4].

Teresato: /* Hygroscopic Water: */

2021-05-05T18:54:52Z

Hygroscopic Water:

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	=== Hygroscopic Water: ===		=== Hygroscopic Water: ===
	~~Water~~ that forms a very thin film around [[soil]] particles not available to plants [3]. [[Clay]] particles hold onto this water strongly due to a large surface area [2]. Hygroscopic water is created through adhesion forces [4].		Hygroscopic water is water that forms a very thin film around [[soil]] particles not available to plants [3]. [[Clay]] particles hold onto this water strongly due to a large surface area [2]. Hygroscopic water is created through adhesion forces [4].

	== Soil Water measurements ==		== Soil Water measurements ==

Teresato: /* Gravitational Water: */

2021-05-05T18:54:29Z

Gravitational Water:

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	== Soil Water Types ==		== Soil Water Types ==
	=== Gravitational Water: ===		=== Gravitational Water: ===
	~~gravitational~~ water is found in macropores within the [[soil]], this form of water movement occurs when water moves rapidly through well drained soils [4]. This type of groundwater is considered not available to plants since it is temporally in place often draining away quickly [4]. Water can move through the unsaturated and saturated zones of soil via infiltration or percolation [2].		Gravitational water is found in macropores within the [[soil]], this form of water movement occurs when water moves rapidly through well drained soils [4]. This type of groundwater is considered not available to plants since it is temporally in place often draining away quickly [4]. Water can move through the unsaturated and saturated zones of soil via infiltration or percolation [2].

	=== Capillary Water: ===		=== Capillary Water: ===

Teresato: /* Gravitational Water: */

2021-05-05T18:54:19Z

Gravitational Water:

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	== Soil Water Types ==		== Soil Water Types ==
	=== Gravitational Water: ===		=== Gravitational Water: ===
	~~Found~~ in macropores within the [[soil]], this form of water movement occurs when water moves rapidly through well drained soils [4]. This type of groundwater is considered not available to plants since it is temporally in place often draining away quickly [4]. Water can move through the unsaturated and saturated zones of soil via infiltration or percolation [2].		gravitational water is found in macropores within the [[soil]], this form of water movement occurs when water moves rapidly through well drained soils [4]. This type of groundwater is considered not available to plants since it is temporally in place often draining away quickly [4]. Water can move through the unsaturated and saturated zones of soil via infiltration or percolation [2].

	=== Capillary Water: ===		=== Capillary Water: ===

Teresato: /* Molecular Properties of Water */

2021-05-05T18:50:49Z

Molecular Properties of Water

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	== Molecular Properties of Water ==		== Molecular Properties of Water ==
	Cohesion, molecular polarity, and hydrogen bonding all contribute to the movement of water in [[soil]] [2]		Cohesion, molecular polarity, and hydrogen bonding all contribute to the movement of water in [[soil]] [2]. Hydrogen Bonding is the bonds between the positive hydrogen molecules and the negative oxygen molecules within water particles [2]. Cohesion is defined as the attraction of water molecules between each other due to hydrogen bonding. Adhesion Also called “adsorption”, is the attraction of water molecules to solid surfaces such as soil particles [2]. The surface area of particles determines the magnitude of adhesion [4]. Clay particles will have stronger adhesion forces compared to [[sand]] particles due to a larger surface area within the [[clay]] particles [4]. Capillary Forces are a combination of adhesion and surface tension [2]. Capillary rise is how tree roots retain groundwater, through a difference of pressures and the forces mentioned above. Surface tension refers to the attraction of water molecules to each other being greater than the attraction of the above air molecules to the water molecules [2].

	~~'''~~Hydrogen Bonding~~:''' The~~ bonds between the positive hydrogen molecules and the negative oxygen molecules within water particles [2]

	~~'''~~Cohesion~~:''' The~~ attraction of water molecules between each other due to hydrogen bonding.

	~~'''~~Adhesion~~:'''~~ Also called “adsorption”, the attraction of water molecules to solid surfaces such as soil particles [2]. The surface area of particles determines the magnitude of adhesion [4]. Clay particles will have stronger adhesion forces compared to [[sand]] particles due to a larger surface area within the [[clay]] particles [4].

	~~'''~~Capillary Forces~~:''' A~~ combination of adhesion and surface tension [2]. Capillary rise is how tree roots retain groundwater, through a difference of pressures and the forces mentioned above. Surface tension refers to the attraction of water molecules to each other being greater than the attraction of the above air molecules to the water molecules [2].

	== Soil Water Types ==		== Soil Water Types ==

Teresato: /* Capillary Water: */

2021-05-05T18:49:26Z

Capillary Water:

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	=== Capillary Water: ===		=== Capillary Water: ===
	This is the water available to plants [4]. Water molecules are held in soil through cohesion and adhesion forces being stronger than gravitational forces [4].		Capillary water can be found in the micropores of soil. This is the water available to plants [4]. Water molecules are held in soil through cohesion and adhesion forces being stronger than gravitational forces [4].

	=== Hygroscopic Water: ===		=== Hygroscopic Water: ===