Epigeic Earthworms - Revision history

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2023-06-05T19:11:27Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 15:11, 5 June 2023
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	==== Benefits ====		==== Benefits ====
	Based on the feeding behavior of earthworms, '''epigeic''' species have a greater potential as waste [[decomposers]] than anecics and endogeics due to their [[humus]] consumption and surface dwelling nature.[6] Epigeics are considered detrivores but will feed primarily on microorganisms associated with the decaying surface litter while facilitating the breakdown and mineralization of that region.[9] These earthworms exert important effects on the presence of decomposer [[microorganisms]] and their microbial grazers, which leads to an increase in the rate of [[decomposition]] of the organic matter.[10] Nevertheless, little is known about whether and to what extent these changes are due to the direct effects of earthworms on the decaying material (i.e. transformations of the ingested material during passage through the gut) or due to indirect effects related to their casting and burrowing activities.[11]		Based on the feeding behavior of earthworms, '''epigeic''' species have a greater potential as waste [[decomposers]] than anecics and endogeics due to their [[humus]] consumption and surface dwelling nature.[6] Epigeics are considered detrivores but will feed primarily on microorganisms associated with the decaying surface litter while facilitating the breakdown and mineralization of that region.[9] These earthworms exert important effects on the presence of decomposer [[microorganisms]] and their microbial grazers, which leads to an increase in the rate of [[decomposition]] of the [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]].[10] Nevertheless, little is known about whether and to what extent these changes are due to the direct effects of earthworms on the decaying material (i.e. transformations of the ingested material during passage through the gut) or due to indirect effects related to their casting and burrowing activities.[11]

	==== Subversive effects ====		==== Subversive effects ====

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2023-05-10T18:05:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:05, 10 May 2023
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	==== Benefits ====		==== Benefits ====
	Based on the feeding behavior of earthworms, '''epigeic''' species have a greater potential as waste decomposers than anecics and endogeics due to their [[humus]] consumption and surface dwelling nature.[6] Epigeics are considered detrivores but will feed primarily on microorganisms associated with the decaying surface litter while facilitating the breakdown and mineralization of that region.[9] These earthworms exert important effects on the presence of decomposer [[microorganisms]] and their microbial grazers, which leads to an increase in the rate of [[decomposition]] of the organic matter.[10] Nevertheless, little is known about whether and to what extent these changes are due to the direct effects of earthworms on the decaying material (i.e. transformations of the ingested material during passage through the gut) or due to indirect effects related to their casting and burrowing activities.[11]		Based on the feeding behavior of earthworms, '''epigeic''' species have a greater potential as waste [[decomposers]] than anecics and endogeics due to their [[humus]] consumption and surface dwelling nature.[6] Epigeics are considered detrivores but will feed primarily on microorganisms associated with the decaying surface litter while facilitating the breakdown and mineralization of that region.[9] These earthworms exert important effects on the presence of decomposer [[microorganisms]] and their microbial grazers, which leads to an increase in the rate of [[decomposition]] of the organic matter.[10] Nevertheless, little is known about whether and to what extent these changes are due to the direct effects of earthworms on the decaying material (i.e. transformations of the ingested material during passage through the gut) or due to indirect effects related to their casting and burrowing activities.[11]

	==== Subversive effects ====		==== Subversive effects ====
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	[5] Addison, J.a., and S.b. Holmes. “Effect of Two Commercial Formulations of Bacillusthuringiensis Suhsp. Kurstaki on the Forest Earthworm Dendrobaenaoctaedra.” Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 26, no. 9, 1996, pp. 1594–1601., doi:10.1139/x26-179. https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/x26-179#.XM0hFo5KjIU		[5] Addison, J.a., and S.b. Holmes. “Effect of Two Commercial Formulations of Bacillusthuringiensis Suhsp. Kurstaki on the Forest Earthworm Dendrobaenaoctaedra.” Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 26, no. 9, 1996, pp. 1594–1601., doi:10.1139/x26-179. https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/x26-179#.XM0hFo5KjIU

	[6] Singh, Arjun, et al. “Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of the Culturable Microbiomes of Epigeic Earthworms and Their Prospects in Agriculture.” Journal of Basic Microbiology, vol. 56, no. 9, 2016, pp. 1009–1020., doi:10.1002/jobm.201500779.		[6] Singh, Arjun, et al. “Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of the Culturable Microbiomes of Epigeic Earthworms and Their Prospects in [[Agriculture]].” Journal of Basic Microbiology, vol. 56, no. 9, 2016, pp. 1009–1020., doi:10.1002/jobm.201500779.
	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jobm.201500779		https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jobm.201500779

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2023-03-31T18:27:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:27, 31 March 2023
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	==== '''''Eudrilus eugeniae''''' ====		==== '''''Eudrilus eugeniae''''' ====
	''Eudrilus eugeniae'' is frequently used in the vermicomposting of solid wastes. Similar epigeic genera – ''Eisenia foetida'' and ''Perionyx excavatus'' are also able to speed up the [[decomposition]] process of organic matter, especially in tropical conditions.[6]		''Eudrilus eugeniae'' is frequently used in the vermicomposting of solid wastes. Similar epigeic genera – ''Eisenia foetida'' and ''Perionyx excavatus'' are also able to speed up the [[decomposition]] process of [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]], especially in tropical conditions.[6]

	==== '''''Lumbricus castaneus''''' ====		==== '''''Lumbricus castaneus''''' ====

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2022-05-06T18:02:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:02, 6 May 2022
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	== Range, Habitat and Diet ==		== Range, Habitat and Diet ==
	They are adapted to live in moist conditions and variable temperatures at the soil surface. The worms found in [[compost]] piles are epigeic and are unlikely to survive in an environment with low amounts of organic matter.[2] Epigeics inhabit every continent except Antarctica. However, all earthworms are invasive species in the temperate and boreal forests of North America.[3] The endogeic species can turn epigeic during suitable weather conditions, but retreat under the soil during dry weather conditions. Other '''epigeics''' migrate soil to aestivate or hibernate. Some classify earthworms with both these "migratory" type behaviors as epi-endogeics.		They are adapted to live in moist conditions and variable temperatures at the soil surface. The worms found in [[compost]] piles are epigeic and are unlikely to survive in an environment with low amounts of [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]].[2] Epigeics inhabit every continent except Antarctica. However, all earthworms are invasive species in the temperate and boreal forests of North America.[3] The endogeic species can turn epigeic during suitable weather conditions, but retreat under the soil during dry weather conditions. Other '''epigeics''' migrate soil to aestivate or hibernate. Some classify earthworms with both these "migratory" type behaviors as epi-endogeics.

	----		----

Rosequin: /* Benefits */

2022-03-24T13:37:29Z

Benefits

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:37, 24 March 2022
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	==== Benefits ====		==== Benefits ====
	Based on the feeding behavior of earthworms, '''epigeic''' species have a greater potential as waste decomposers, than anecics, and endogeics, due to their [[humus]] consumption and surface dwelling nature.[6] Epigeics are considered detrivores but will feed primarily on microorganisms associated with the decaying surface litter while facilitating the breakdown and mineralization of that region.[9] These earthworms exert important effects on the presence of decomposer [[microorganisms]] and their microbial grazers, which leads to ~~changes~~ in the rate of [[decomposition]] of the organic matter.[10] Nevertheless, little is known about whether and to what extent these changes are due to the direct effects of earthworms on the decaying material (i.e. transformations of the ingested material during passage through the gut) or to indirect effects related to their casting and burrowing activities.[11]		Based on the feeding behavior of earthworms, '''epigeic''' species have a greater potential as waste decomposers than anecics and endogeics due to their [[humus]] consumption and surface dwelling nature.[6] Epigeics are considered detrivores but will feed primarily on microorganisms associated with the decaying surface litter while facilitating the breakdown and mineralization of that region.[9] These earthworms exert important effects on the presence of decomposer [[microorganisms]] and their microbial grazers, which leads to an increase in the rate of [[decomposition]] of the organic matter.[10] Nevertheless, little is known about whether and to what extent these changes are due to the direct effects of earthworms on the decaying material (i.e. transformations of the ingested material during passage through the gut) or due to indirect effects related to their casting and burrowing activities.[11]


	==== Subversive effects ====		==== Subversive effects ====

Rosequin: /* Eudrilus eugeniae */

2022-03-24T13:35:46Z

Eudrilus eugeniae

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:35, 24 March 2022
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	==== '''''Eudrilus eugeniae''''' ====		==== '''''Eudrilus eugeniae''''' ====
	''Eudrilus eugeniae'' is frequently used in the vermicomposting of solid wastes. Similar epigeic genera – ''Eisenia foetida'' and ''Perionyx excavatus'' are also able to speed up the [[decomposition]] process of organic matter ~~particularly~~ in tropical conditions.[6]		''Eudrilus eugeniae'' is frequently used in the vermicomposting of solid wastes. Similar epigeic genera – ''Eisenia foetida'' and ''Perionyx excavatus'' are also able to speed up the [[decomposition]] process of organic matter, especially in tropical conditions.[6]

	==== '''''Lumbricus castaneus''''' ====		==== '''''Lumbricus castaneus''''' ====

Rosequin: /* Dendrobaena octaedra */

2022-03-24T13:34:02Z

Dendrobaena octaedra

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:34, 24 March 2022
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	==== '''''Dendrobaena octaedra''''' ====		==== '''''Dendrobaena octaedra''''' ====
	''Dendrobaena octaedra'' is a small (2-4 cm in length) '''epigeic''' with extensive morphological variability. This species has been introduced to the North American range and demonstrates wide variability in somatic and reproductive ~~characters~~ in its native ~~northern Europe~~ range.[4]		''Dendrobaena octaedra'' is a small (2-4 cm in length) '''epigeic''' with extensive morphological variability. This species has been introduced to the North American range and demonstrates wide variability in somatic and reproductive characteristics in its native Northern European range.[4]
	''Dendrobaena octaedra'' is common in coniferous forests in its native European habitat ~~along with~~ its foreign North American range.[5]		''Dendrobaena octaedra'' is common in coniferous forests in its native European habitat as well as its foreign North American range.[5]

	==== '''''Eudrilus eugeniae''''' ====		==== '''''Eudrilus eugeniae''''' ====

Rosequin: /* Range, Habitat and Diet */

2022-03-24T13:32:29Z

Range, Habitat and Diet

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:32, 24 March 2022
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	== Range, Habitat and Diet ==		== Range, Habitat and Diet ==
	They are adapted to live in moist conditions and variable temperatures at the soil surface. The worms found in [[compost]] piles are epigeic and are unlikely to survive in an environment with low amounts of organic matter.[2] Epigeics inhabit every continent except Antarctica. However, all earthworms are invasive species in the temperate and boreal forests of North America.[3] The endogeic species can turn epigeic during suitable weather conditions, but retreat under the soil during dry weather conditions. Other '''~~epigeic~~''' migrate soil to aestivate or hibernate. Some classify earthworms with both these "migratory" type behaviors as epi-endogeics.		They are adapted to live in moist conditions and variable temperatures at the soil surface. The worms found in [[compost]] piles are epigeic and are unlikely to survive in an environment with low amounts of organic matter.[2] Epigeics inhabit every continent except Antarctica. However, all earthworms are invasive species in the temperate and boreal forests of North America.[3] The endogeic species can turn epigeic during suitable weather conditions, but retreat under the soil during dry weather conditions. Other '''epigeics''' migrate soil to aestivate or hibernate. Some classify earthworms with both these "migratory" type behaviors as epi-endogeics.

	----		----
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	==== '''''Eiseniella tetraedra''''' ====		==== '''''Eiseniella tetraedra''''' ====
	This red worm may vary from 2 to 8 cm in length. It is considered an aquatic species with a distinctive cliellum (saddle) around its segments. They are present widespread across Britain and found year round within: gardens, fields, pastures, forests, estuary flats, lake shores, manure, and other damp conditions.[8]		This red worm may vary from 2 to 8 cm in length. It is considered an aquatic species with a distinctive cliellum (saddle) around its segments. They are present widespread across Britain and found year round within: gardens, fields, pastures, forests, estuary flats, lake shores, manure, and other damp conditions.[8]




	== Ecological Impact==		== Ecological Impact==

Rosequin: /* Description */

2022-03-24T13:31:25Z

Description

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:31, 24 March 2022
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	== Description ==		== Description ==
	'''Epigeic Earthworms''' are small bodied and range from 1-7 cm in length. Some are colored bright red, although most have a reddish brown skin pigmentation. Their pigmentation is darker on their back and lighter on their tail and ~~belly~~. Which may provide extra protection from ultra violet rays.[1] Epigeics share essentially the same anatomy and reproduction methods as the endogeic and anecic species.		'''Epigeic Earthworms''' are small bodied and range from 1-7 cm in length. Some are colored bright red, although most have a reddish brown skin pigmentation. Their pigmentation is darker on their back and lighter on their tail and abdomen. Which may provide extra protection from ultra violet rays.[1] Epigeics share essentially the same anatomy and reproduction methods as the endogeic and anecic species.

	== Range, Habitat and Diet ==		== Range, Habitat and Diet ==

Rosequin at 21:53, 11 March 2022

2022-03-11T21:53:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 11 March 2022
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	'''''Epigeic''''' '''is Greek''' "'''''for upon the earth.'''''"		'''''Epigeic''''' '''is Greek''' "'''''for upon the earth.'''''"

	Oligochaeta or earthworms of the [[Annelids]] phylum are divided into 3 categories: anecic, endogeic, and the '''~~epegeic~~''', depending on where they dwell ~~relative to~~ the [[Soil Horizons]]. ~~Epegeic~~ earthworms are defined as species that inhabit and feed at the [[soil]] surface.		Oligochaeta or earthworms of the [[Annelids]] phylum are divided into 3 categories: anecic, endogeic, and the '''epigeic''', depending on where they dwell within the [[Soil Horizons]]. Epigeic earthworms are defined as species that inhabit and feed at the [[soil]] surface.
	----		----

	== Description ==		== Description ==
	'''~~Epegeic~~ Earthworms''' are small bodied and range from 1-7 cm. Some are colored bright red, although most have a reddish brown skin pigmentation. ~~The pigment~~ is darker on ~~the~~ back, and lighter on ~~the~~ tail and ~~the~~ belly~~, which~~ may provide extra protection from ultra violet rays.[1] ~~Epegeics~~ share ~~basically~~ the same anatomy and reproduction methods as the ~~endgoic~~ and anecic species.		'''Epigeic Earthworms''' are small bodied and range from 1-7 cm in length. Some are colored bright red, although most have a reddish brown skin pigmentation. Their pigmentation is darker on their back and lighter on their tail and belly. Which may provide extra protection from ultra violet rays.[1] Epigeics share essentially the same anatomy and reproduction methods as the endogeic and anecic species.

	== Range, Habitat and Diet ==		== Range, Habitat and Diet ==
	They are adapted to live in moist conditions and variable temperatures at the soil surface. The worms found in [[compost]] piles are epigeic and are unlikely to survive in an environment of ~~low~~ organic matter.[2] ~~Epegeics~~ inhabit every continent except ~~Anarctica~~, ~~however they along with~~ all ~~other~~ earthworms ~~species~~ are invasive in the ~~previously earth worm free~~ temperate and boreal forests of North America.[3] The ~~endoeic~~ species can turn epigeic during suitable weather conditions, but ~~during drier weather~~ retreat under the soil. Other '''~~epegeic~~''' migrate soil to aestivate or hibernate. Some classify earthworms with both these "migratory" type behaviors as epi-endogeics.		They are adapted to live in moist conditions and variable temperatures at the soil surface. The worms found in [[compost]] piles are epigeic and are unlikely to survive in an environment with low amounts of organic matter.[2] Epigeics inhabit every continent except Antarctica. However, all earthworms are invasive species in the temperate and boreal forests of North America.[3] The endogeic species can turn epigeic during suitable weather conditions, but retreat under the soil during dry weather conditions. Other '''epigeic''' migrate soil to aestivate or hibernate. Some classify earthworms with both these "migratory" type behaviors as epi-endogeics.

	----		----
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	==== '''''Dendrobaena octaedra''''' ====		==== '''''Dendrobaena octaedra''''' ====
	''Dendrobaena octaedra'' is a small (2-4 cm) '''~~epegeic~~''' with extensive morphological variability. This species has been introduced to the North American range, and demonstrates wide variability in somatic and reproductive characters in its native northern Europe range.[4]		''Dendrobaena octaedra'' is a small (2-4 cm in length) '''epigeic''' with extensive morphological variability. This species has been introduced to the North American range and demonstrates wide variability in somatic and reproductive characters in its native northern Europe range.[4]
	''Dendrobaena octaedra'' is common in coniferous forests in its native European habitat along with its foreign North American range.[5]		''Dendrobaena octaedra'' is common in coniferous forests in its native European habitat along with its foreign North American range.[5]

	==== '''''Eudrilus eugeniae''''' ====		==== '''''Eudrilus eugeniae''''' ====
	''Eudrilus eugeniae'' is frequently used in the vermicomposting of solid wastes. ~~Similiar epegeic~~ genera – ''Eisenia foetida'' and ''Perionyx excavatus'' are also able to speed up the [[decomposition]] process of organic matter particularly in tropical conditions.[6]		''Eudrilus eugeniae'' is frequently used in the vermicomposting of solid wastes. Similar epigeic genera – ''Eisenia foetida'' and ''Perionyx excavatus'' are also able to speed up the [[decomposition]] process of organic matter particularly in tropical conditions.[6]

	==== '''''Lumbricus castaneus''''' ====		==== '''''Lumbricus castaneus''''' ====
Line 33:		Line 33:

	==== '''''Eiseniella tetraedra''''' ====		==== '''''Eiseniella tetraedra''''' ====
	This red worm may vary from 2 to 8 cm in length. It is considered an aquatic species with a distinctive cliellum (saddle) around its segments. They are widespread in Britain and found year round in gardens, fields, pastures, forests, estuary flats, lake shores, manure, and other damp conditions.[8]		This red worm may vary from 2 to 8 cm in length. It is considered an aquatic species with a distinctive cliellum (saddle) around its segments. They are present widespread across Britain and found year round within: gardens, fields, pastures, forests, estuary flats, lake shores, manure, and other damp conditions.[8]