Eastern red-backed salamander - Revision history

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2023-03-31T18:27:35Z

The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles">https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles</a>).

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:27, 31 March 2023
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	== '''[[Ecology]]''' ==		== '''[[Ecology]]''' ==

	Their importance in the [[soil]] ecosystem is particularly important in the context of the fungi community. Fungi contribute to the [[Nutrient Cycling\|nutrient cycling]] of forests, and without them the organic matter would not decompose as rapidly. [[Invertebrates]] including [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails take advantage of fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed salamander maintains a balance as a result of feeding on the [[insects]] and thus controlling their populations [2]. The Eastern red-backed salamander not only indirectly influences the total amount of fungus in the habitat, but also its [[diversity]].		Their importance in the [[soil]] ecosystem is particularly important in the context of the fungi community. Fungi contribute to the [[Nutrient Cycling\|nutrient cycling]] of forests, and without them the [[Organic Matter\|organic matter]] would not decompose as rapidly. [[Invertebrates]] including [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails take advantage of fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed salamander maintains a balance as a result of feeding on the [[insects]] and thus controlling their populations [2]. The Eastern red-backed salamander not only indirectly influences the total amount of fungus in the habitat, but also its [[diversity]].

	According to the study conducted by Jaeger et al. (2002), one square kilometer can be home to more than three million eastern red-backed salamanders. The populations of their species are estimated to outnumber all birds and mammals in the specific regions, making them the most populous vertebrates in the north-eastern forests [2]. They are most commonly preyed upon by larger salamanders, birds, snakes, and mammals [1]. To escape said predators, they can detach their tail, which wiggles in a way that serves as a distraction, allowing them to flee. Once escaping the predator, the salamander will then regrow a new tail over time [1]. The eastern red-backed salamander responds well to habitat disturbance as long as the key components are maintained (e.g., leaf litter, fallen logs, and rocks) [1].		According to the study conducted by Jaeger et al. (2002), one square kilometer can be home to more than three million eastern red-backed salamanders. The populations of their species are estimated to outnumber all birds and mammals in the specific regions, making them the most populous vertebrates in the north-eastern forests [2]. They are most commonly preyed upon by larger salamanders, birds, snakes, and mammals [1]. To escape said predators, they can detach their tail, which wiggles in a way that serves as a distraction, allowing them to flee. Once escaping the predator, the salamander will then regrow a new tail over time [1]. The eastern red-backed salamander responds well to habitat disturbance as long as the key components are maintained (e.g., leaf litter, fallen logs, and rocks) [1].

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2022-05-06T18:02:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:02, 6 May 2022
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	== '''General Description''' ==		== '''General Description''' ==

	Plethodontidae is the family that the eastern red-backed salamanders are classified in, as they are lungless. Oxygen dissolves into the moisture on their skin and then the oxygen is absorbed into the skin. It is vital for them to maintain their moisture, without it they cannot breathe. It should also be noted that one should not physically handle a salamander for long period of time as they can lose that moisture.		Plethodontidae is the family that the eastern red-backed [[salamanders]] are classified in, as they are lungless. Oxygen dissolves into the moisture on their skin and then the oxygen is absorbed into the skin. It is vital for them to maintain their moisture, without it they cannot breathe. It should also be noted that one should not physically handle a salamander for long period of time as they can lose that moisture.

	These salamanders come in two different color phases, the first being the lead-back, and the other being the red-back. The red-backed phase is the usual coloring of reddish orange along the back. Lead-backs have a dark grey to black coloring over their body and are much less commonly found. Adults will reach about 2-5 inches in length.		These salamanders come in two different color phases, the first being the lead-back, and the other being the red-back. The red-backed phase is the usual coloring of reddish orange along the back. Lead-backs have a dark grey to black coloring over their body and are much less commonly found. Adults will reach about 2-5 inches in length.
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	== '''[[Ecology]]''' ==		== '''[[Ecology]]''' ==

	Their importance in the [[soil]] ecosystem is particularly important in the context of the fungi community. Fungi contribute to the [[Nutrient Cycling\|nutrient cycling]] of forests, and without them the organic matter would not decompose as rapidly. Invertebrates including [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails take advantage of fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed salamander maintains a balance as a result of feeding on the [[insects]] and thus controlling their populations [2]. The Eastern red-backed salamander not only indirectly influences the total amount of fungus in the habitat, but also its [[diversity]].		Their importance in the [[soil]] ecosystem is particularly important in the context of the fungi community. Fungi contribute to the [[Nutrient Cycling\|nutrient cycling]] of forests, and without them the organic matter would not decompose as rapidly. [[Invertebrates]] including [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails take advantage of fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed salamander maintains a balance as a result of feeding on the [[insects]] and thus controlling their populations [2]. The Eastern red-backed salamander not only indirectly influences the total amount of fungus in the habitat, but also its [[diversity]].

	According to the study conducted by Jaeger et al. (2002), one square kilometer can be home to more than three million eastern red-backed salamanders. The populations of their species are estimated to outnumber all birds and mammals in the specific regions, making them the most populous vertebrates in the north-eastern forests [2]. They are most commonly preyed upon by larger salamanders, birds, snakes, and mammals [1]. To escape said predators, they can detach their tail, which wiggles in a way that serves as a distraction, allowing them to flee. Once escaping the predator, the salamander will then regrow a new tail over time [1]. The eastern red-backed salamander responds well to habitat disturbance as long as the key components are maintained (e.g., leaf litter, fallen logs, and rocks) [1].		According to the study conducted by Jaeger et al. (2002), one square kilometer can be home to more than three million eastern red-backed salamanders. The populations of their species are estimated to outnumber all birds and mammals in the specific regions, making them the most populous vertebrates in the north-eastern forests [2]. They are most commonly preyed upon by larger salamanders, birds, snakes, and mammals [1]. To escape said predators, they can detach their tail, which wiggles in a way that serves as a distraction, allowing them to flee. Once escaping the predator, the salamander will then regrow a new tail over time [1]. The eastern red-backed salamander responds well to habitat disturbance as long as the key components are maintained (e.g., leaf litter, fallen logs, and rocks) [1].

Nikolaih at 03:59, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T03:59:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:59, 4 May 2021
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	[[File:Eastern_red-backed_pic_1.jpg \|450 px \| thumb\| Eastern red-backed salamander [4]]]		[[File:Eastern_red-backed_pic_1.jpg \|450 px \| thumb\| Eastern red-backed salamander [4]]]
	== General Description ==		== '''General Description''' ==

	Plethodontidae is the family that the eastern red-backed salamanders are classified in, as they are lungless. Oxygen dissolves into the moisture on their skin and then the oxygen is absorbed into the skin. It is vital for them to maintain their moisture, without it they cannot breathe. It should also be noted that one should not physically handle a salamander for long period of time as they can lose that moisture.		Plethodontidae is the family that the eastern red-backed salamanders are classified in, as they are lungless. Oxygen dissolves into the moisture on their skin and then the oxygen is absorbed into the skin. It is vital for them to maintain their moisture, without it they cannot breathe. It should also be noted that one should not physically handle a salamander for long period of time as they can lose that moisture.
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	[[File:Eastern_red-backed_salamander_map_pic_2.jpeg \|thumb\| Distribution map of Eastern red-backed salamander [4]]]		[[File:Eastern_red-backed_salamander_map_pic_2.jpeg \|thumb\| Distribution map of Eastern red-backed salamander [4]]]

	== Geographic Distribution & Habitat ==		== '''Geographic Distribution & Habitat''' ==
	The Eastern red-backed salamander can be found all the way south to North Carolina, westward to Ohio and northward into New England through Nova Scotia. There are a variety of forest types where they can be found, ranging from deciduous to coniferous. The species of this species prefers moist soils, and will usually avoid dry, sandy soils and floodplains. During the cooler months, namely October to March, they tend to move underground. [1] The Eastern red-backed salamander is more likely to be found in areas containing neutral or basic soils rather than areas containing high acidity. Like most salamanders, they are typically found hidden under logs, leaf litter, and rocks during the day as they are most active at night. [3]		The Eastern red-backed salamander can be found all the way south to North Carolina, westward to Ohio and northward into New England through Nova Scotia. There are a variety of forest types where they can be found, ranging from deciduous to coniferous. The species of this species prefers moist soils, and will usually avoid dry, sandy soils and floodplains. During the cooler months, namely October to March, they tend to move underground. [1] The Eastern red-backed salamander is more likely to be found in areas containing neutral or basic soils rather than areas containing high acidity. Like most salamanders, they are typically found hidden under logs, leaf litter, and rocks during the day as they are most active at night. [3]


	== [[Ecology]] ==		== '''[[Ecology]]''' ==

	Their importance in the [[soil]] ecosystem is particularly important in the context of the fungi community. Fungi contribute to the [[Nutrient Cycling\|nutrient cycling]] of forests, and without them the organic matter would not decompose as rapidly. Invertebrates including [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails take advantage of fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed salamander maintains a balance as a result of feeding on the [[insects]] and thus controlling their populations [2]. The Eastern red-backed salamander not only indirectly influences the total amount of fungus in the habitat, but also its [[diversity]].		Their importance in the [[soil]] ecosystem is particularly important in the context of the fungi community. Fungi contribute to the [[Nutrient Cycling\|nutrient cycling]] of forests, and without them the organic matter would not decompose as rapidly. Invertebrates including [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails take advantage of fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed salamander maintains a balance as a result of feeding on the [[insects]] and thus controlling their populations [2]. The Eastern red-backed salamander not only indirectly influences the total amount of fungus in the habitat, but also its [[diversity]].
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	[[File: RedBackedSalamanderEggs.jpg \| 400 px \| thumb \| Female eastern red-back guarding her eggs [6] ]]		[[File: RedBackedSalamanderEggs.jpg \| 400 px \| thumb \| Female eastern red-back guarding her eggs [6] ]]
	== Reproduction & Growth ==		== '''Reproduction & Growth''' ==

	Mating season for eastern red-backs begins in sometime between October through December. Males will follow the pheromone trails left by the females. The courtship initiates with the male rubbing his head on the female's snout. After the rubbing has ceased the male then deposits the [[spermatophore]] and the female retrieves it with her cloaca.		Mating season for eastern red-backs begins in sometime between October through December. Males will follow the pheromone trails left by the females. The courtship initiates with the male rubbing his head on the female's snout. After the rubbing has ceased the male then deposits the [[spermatophore]] and the female retrieves it with her cloaca.

Nikolaih at 03:58, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T03:58:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:58, 4 May 2021
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	[[File:Eastern_red-backed_pic_1.jpg \|~~350~~ px \| thumb\| Eastern red-backed salamander [4]]]		[[File:Eastern_red-backed_pic_1.jpg \|450 px \| thumb\| Eastern red-backed salamander [4]]]
	== General Description ==		== General Description ==

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	[[File: RedBackedSalamanderEggs.jpg \| thumb \| Female eastern red-back guarding her eggs [6] ]]		[[File: RedBackedSalamanderEggs.jpg \| 400 px \| thumb \| Female eastern red-back guarding her eggs [6] ]]
	== Reproduction & Growth ==		== Reproduction & Growth ==

Nikolaih at 03:57, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T03:57:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:57, 4 May 2021
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	[[File:Eastern_red-backed_pic_1.jpg \|thumb\| Eastern red-backed salamander [4]]]		[[File:Eastern_red-backed_pic_1.jpg \|350 px \| thumb\| Eastern red-backed salamander [4]]]
	== General Description ==		== General Description ==

Nikolaih at 03:56, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T03:56:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:56, 4 May 2021
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	== [[Ecology]] ==		== [[Ecology]] ==

	Their importance in the [[soil]] ecosystem is particularly important in the context of the fungi community. Fungi contribute to the nutrient cycling of forests, and without them the organic matter would not decompose as rapidly. Invertebrates including [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails take advantage of fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed salamander maintains a balance as a result of feeding on the [[insects]] and thus controlling their populations [2]. The Eastern red-backed salamander not only indirectly influences the total amount of fungus in the habitat, but also its [[diversity]].		Their importance in the [[soil]] ecosystem is particularly important in the context of the fungi community. Fungi contribute to the [[Nutrient Cycling\|nutrient cycling]] of forests, and without them the organic matter would not decompose as rapidly. Invertebrates including [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails take advantage of fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed salamander maintains a balance as a result of feeding on the [[insects]] and thus controlling their populations [2]. The Eastern red-backed salamander not only indirectly influences the total amount of fungus in the habitat, but also its [[diversity]].

	According to the study conducted by Jaeger et al. (2002), one square kilometer can be home to more than three million eastern red-backed salamanders. The populations of their species are estimated to outnumber all birds and mammals in the specific regions, making them the most populous vertebrates in the north-eastern forests [2]. They are most commonly preyed upon by larger salamanders, birds, snakes, and mammals [1]. To escape said predators, they can detach their tail, which wiggles in a way that serves as a distraction, allowing them to flee. Once escaping the predator, the salamander will then regrow a new tail over time [1]. The eastern red-backed salamander responds well to habitat disturbance as long as the key components are maintained (e.g., leaf litter, fallen logs, and rocks) [1].		According to the study conducted by Jaeger et al. (2002), one square kilometer can be home to more than three million eastern red-backed salamanders. The populations of their species are estimated to outnumber all birds and mammals in the specific regions, making them the most populous vertebrates in the north-eastern forests [2]. They are most commonly preyed upon by larger salamanders, birds, snakes, and mammals [1]. To escape said predators, they can detach their tail, which wiggles in a way that serves as a distraction, allowing them to flee. Once escaping the predator, the salamander will then regrow a new tail over time [1]. The eastern red-backed salamander responds well to habitat disturbance as long as the key components are maintained (e.g., leaf litter, fallen logs, and rocks) [1].
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	Mating season for eastern red-backs begins in sometime between October through December. Males will follow the pheromone trails left by the females. The courtship initiates with the male rubbing his head on the female's snout. After the rubbing has ceased the male then deposits the [[spermatophore]] and the female retrieves it with her cloaca.		Mating season for eastern red-backs begins in sometime between October through December. Males will follow the pheromone trails left by the females. The courtship initiates with the male rubbing his head on the female's snout. After the rubbing has ceased the male then deposits the [[spermatophore]] and the female retrieves it with her cloaca.

	A very large amount of energy is required for the females to produce their eggs, so it is thought that they only breed once every other year. She lays her eggs sometime in the summer. Most amphibians will leave their eggs after they have been laid but the female salamander remains with them until hatching occurs. Since dehydration of eggs can occur easily she will wrap herself around them to ensure they stay moist, she will only eat when opportunity presents itself. [2]. ~~Eggs then hatch~~ two months ~~later~~ in August or September, ~~the hatchlings will~~ remain with ~~the~~ mother for a few weeks ~~after hatching.~~ [2] Maturity is reached in ~~about~~ two years and females usually lay their first clutch at three years old.		A very large amount of energy is required for the females to produce their eggs, so it is thought that they only breed once every other year. She lays her eggs sometime in the summer, they prefer a nesting site underground or in moist log. Most amphibians will leave their eggs after they have been laid but the female salamander remains with them until hatching occurs. Since dehydration of eggs can occur easily she will wrap herself around them to ensure they stay moist, she will only eat when opportunity presents itself. [2]. After two months of careful monitoring by the mother, the hatchlings emerge in August or September. Once hatched, these young remain with their mother for a few weeks before going out on their own as their is no aquatic larval stage for this species [2] Maturity is reached in approximately two years and females usually lay their first clutch at three years old.

Nikolaih at 03:51, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T03:51:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:51, 4 May 2021
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	== [[Ecology]] ==		== [[Ecology]] ==

	Their ~~role~~ in the ~~soils~~ ecosystem is ~~vitally~~ important~~, especially~~ in ~~regards to~~ the ~~fungal~~ community. ~~Fungus plays an essential role in~~ the ~~[[Nutrient Cycling\|~~nutrient cycling]] of forests, without them the organic matter would not ~~be broken down~~ as ~~quickkly~~. ~~Many invertebrates such as~~ [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails ~~feed upon~~ fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed ~~salamanders ensure~~ a balance ~~is kept by~~ feeding on ~~them, thus, controlling~~ the ~~populations of these~~ [[insects]] [2]. The ~~eastern~~ red-~~backs~~ not only indirectly ~~influence~~ the ~~volume~~ of fungus ~~present~~ but also ~~the~~ [[diversity]] of ~~fungus~~ in the ~~ecosystem~~ as well.		Their importance in the [[soil]] ecosystem is particularly important in the context of the fungi community. Fungi contribute to the nutrient cycling of forests, and without them the organic matter would not decompose as rapidly. Invertebrates including [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails take advantage of fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed salamander maintains a balance as a result of feeding on the [[insects]] and thus controlling their populations [2]. The Eastern red-backed salamander not only indirectly influences the total amount of fungus in the habitat, but also its [[diversity]].

			According to the study conducted by Jaeger et al. (2002), one square kilometer can be home to more than three million eastern red-backed salamanders. The populations of their species are estimated to outnumber all birds and mammals in the specific regions, making them the most populous vertebrates in the north-eastern forests [2]. They are most commonly preyed upon by larger salamanders, birds, snakes, and mammals [1]. To escape said predators, they can detach their tail, which wiggles in a way that serves as a distraction, allowing them to flee. Once escaping the predator, the salamander will then regrow a new tail over time [1]. The eastern red-backed salamander responds well to habitat disturbance as long as the key components are maintained (e.g., leaf litter, fallen logs, and rocks) [1].

	Based on the 2002 study by Jaeger et al, 1 square kilometer can be home to 3 million eastern red-backed salamanders. It is estimated that their population outnumbers all birds and mammals in that area combined, they may be the most populous vertebrate in the north-eastern forests [2]. They are preyed upon by larger salamanders, birds, snakes, and mammals [1]. To escape said predators, they have the ability to detach their tail, the tail will wiggle after detached allowing the salamander to run away. It will then regrow a new tail over time [1]. Eastern red-backed salamanders are fairy tolerant to habitat disturbance as long as they key components are maintained, that being leaf litter, fallen logs, rocks, ect. [1]

	[[File: RedBackedSalamanderEggs.jpg \| thumb \| Female eastern red-back guarding her eggs [6] ]]		[[File: RedBackedSalamanderEggs.jpg \| thumb \| Female eastern red-back guarding her eggs [6] ]]
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	A very large amount of energy is required for the females to produce their eggs, so it is thought that they only breed once every other year. She lays her eggs sometime in the summer. Most amphibians will leave their eggs after they have been laid but the female salamander remains with them until hatching occurs. Since dehydration of eggs can occur easily she will wrap herself around them to ensure they stay moist, she will only eat when opportunity presents itself. [2]. Eggs then hatch two months later in August or September, the hatchlings will remain with the mother for a few weeks after hatching. [2] Maturity is reached in about two years and females usually lay their first clutch at three years old.		A very large amount of energy is required for the females to produce their eggs, so it is thought that they only breed once every other year. She lays her eggs sometime in the summer. Most amphibians will leave their eggs after they have been laid but the female salamander remains with them until hatching occurs. Since dehydration of eggs can occur easily she will wrap herself around them to ensure they stay moist, she will only eat when opportunity presents itself. [2]. Eggs then hatch two months later in August or September, the hatchlings will remain with the mother for a few weeks after hatching. [2] Maturity is reached in about two years and females usually lay their first clutch at three years old.

Nikolaih at 03:18, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T03:18:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:18, 4 May 2021
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	== Geographic Distribution & Habitat ==		== Geographic Distribution & Habitat ==
	Eastern red-backed ~~salamanders~~ can be found ~~as far~~ south as North Carolina, ~~west over~~ to Ohio, and ~~north~~ into New England through Nova Scotia. ~~They~~ can be found ~~in varying types of forests~~, from deciduous or coniferous. ~~Dry or sandy~~ soils will usually be ~~avoided by this species, as well as~~ areas ~~that frequently flood~~. Like most salamanders ~~one can find them~~ hidden under logs, leaf litter, and rocks as they are most active ~~during the~~ night.		The Eastern red-backed salamander can be found all the way south to North Carolina, westward to Ohio and northward into New England through Nova Scotia. There are a variety of forest types where they can be found, ranging from deciduous to coniferous. The species of this species prefers moist soils, and will usually avoid dry, sandy soils and floodplains. During the cooler months, namely October to March, they tend to move underground. [1] The Eastern red-backed salamander is more likely to be found in areas containing neutral or basic soils rather than areas containing high acidity. Like most salamanders, they are typically found hidden under logs, leaf litter, and rocks during the day as they are most active at night. [3]

Nikolaih at 03:03, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T03:03:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:03, 4 May 2021
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	Mating season for eastern red-backs begins in sometime between October through December. Males will follow the pheromone trails left by the females. The courtship initiates with the male rubbing his head on the female's snout. After the rubbing has ceased the male then deposits the [[spermatophore]] and the female retrieves it with her cloaca.		Mating season for eastern red-backs begins in sometime between October through December. Males will follow the pheromone trails left by the females. The courtship initiates with the male rubbing his head on the female's snout. After the rubbing has ceased the male then deposits the [[spermatophore]] and the female retrieves it with her cloaca.

	A very large amount of energy is required for the females to produce their eggs, so it is thought that they only breed once every other year. She lays her eggs sometime in the summer. Most amphibians will leave their eggs after they have been laid but the female salamander remains with them until hatching occurs. Since dehydration of eggs can occur easily she will wrap herself around them to ensure they stay moist, she will only eat when opportunity presents itself. [2]. Eggs then hatch two months later in August or September, the hatchlings will remain with the mother for a weeks after hatching. [2] Maturity is reached in about two years and females usually lay their first clutch at three years old.		A very large amount of energy is required for the females to produce their eggs, so it is thought that they only breed once every other year. She lays her eggs sometime in the summer. Most amphibians will leave their eggs after they have been laid but the female salamander remains with them until hatching occurs. Since dehydration of eggs can occur easily she will wrap herself around them to ensure they stay moist, she will only eat when opportunity presents itself. [2]. Eggs then hatch two months later in August or September, the hatchlings will remain with the mother for a few weeks after hatching. [2] Maturity is reached in about two years and females usually lay their first clutch at three years old.

Nikolaih at 02:46, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T02:46:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:46, 4 May 2021
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	Their role in the soils ecosystem is vitally important, especially in regards to the fungal community. Fungus plays an essential role in the [[Nutrient Cycling\|nutrient cycling]] of forests, without them the organic matter would not be broken down as quickkly. Many invertebrates such as [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails feed upon fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed salamanders ensure a balance is kept by feeding on them, thus, controlling the populations of these [[insects]] [2]. The eastern red-backs not only indirectly influence the volume of fungus present but also the [[diversity]] of fungus in the ecosystem as well.		Their role in the soils ecosystem is vitally important, especially in regards to the fungal community. Fungus plays an essential role in the [[Nutrient Cycling\|nutrient cycling]] of forests, without them the organic matter would not be broken down as quickkly. Many invertebrates such as [[mites]], beetles, centipedes, and snails feed upon fungus as a source of nutrition. The eastern red-backed salamanders ensure a balance is kept by feeding on them, thus, controlling the populations of these [[insects]] [2]. The eastern red-backs not only indirectly influence the volume of fungus present but also the [[diversity]] of fungus in the ecosystem as well.

	Based on the 2002 study by Jaeger et al, 1 square kilometer can be home to 3 million eastern red-backed salamanders. It is estimated that their population outnumbers all birds and mammals in that area combined, they may be the most populous vertebrate in the north-eastern forests [2]. They are preyed upon by larger salamanders, birds, snakes, and mammals [1]. Eastern red-backed salamanders are fairy tolerant to habitat disturbance as long as they key components are maintained, that being leaf litter, fallen logs, rocks, ect. [1]		Based on the 2002 study by Jaeger et al, 1 square kilometer can be home to 3 million eastern red-backed salamanders. It is estimated that their population outnumbers all birds and mammals in that area combined, they may be the most populous vertebrate in the north-eastern forests [2]. They are preyed upon by larger salamanders, birds, snakes, and mammals [1]. To escape said predators, they have the ability to detach their tail, the tail will wiggle after detached allowing the salamander to run away. It will then regrow a new tail over time [1]. Eastern red-backed salamanders are fairy tolerant to habitat disturbance as long as they key components are maintained, that being leaf litter, fallen logs, rocks, ect. [1]

	[[File: RedBackedSalamanderEggs.jpg \| thumb \| Female eastern red-back guarding her eggs [6] ]]		[[File: RedBackedSalamanderEggs.jpg \| thumb \| Female eastern red-back guarding her eggs [6] ]]