Diplura - Revision history

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2023-03-31T18:27:20Z

The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles">https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles</a>).

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:27, 31 March 2023
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	Sperm transfer is indirect similar to that of [[Collembola]], the male deposits a [[spermatophore]] on the substrate [4]. The Female diplurans gather male spermatophores from on the ground, taking the spermatophores up thought the genital opening [3]. Eggs are laid in clusters in decomposing plant material or in crevices in the soil, in some species the females are known to guard the eggs and recently emerged larvae [4].		Sperm transfer is indirect similar to that of [[Collembola]], the male deposits a [[spermatophore]] on the substrate [4]. The Female diplurans gather male spermatophores from on the ground, taking the spermatophores up thought the genital opening [3]. Eggs are laid in clusters in decomposing plant material or in crevices in the soil, in some species the females are known to guard the eggs and recently emerged larvae [4].
	==Ecology==		==Ecology==
	Mainly found in moist environments, diplurans are often found in small groups or colonies in soil, leaf litter, [[moss]], and under rocks [4]. Some species have been found in the nests of ants and termites and in caves. In some places in the world some root-feeding species have been reported as pests of crops such as sugar cane, peanuts, and melons [4].		Mainly found in moist environments, diplurans are often found in small groups or colonies in soil, leaf litter, [[moss]], and under rocks [4]. Some species have been found in the nests of ants and [[termites]] and in caves. In some places in the world some root-feeding species have been reported as pests of crops such as sugar cane, peanuts, and melons [4].

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2022-05-06T18:02:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:02, 6 May 2022
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	3. Britannica, T. E. E. 2017. Dipluran. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.		3. Britannica, T. E. E. 2017. Dipluran. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.

	4. Andrew Austin, E. F.-J., s Mark Harvey, Mike Hodda, John Jennings ,Claire Stephens, Erich Volschenk, David Yates. Key to Australian Freshwater and Terrestrial Invertebrates. https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/TFI/start%20key/key/hexapoda%20key/Media/HTML/Diplura.html		4. Andrew Austin, E. F.-J., s Mark Harvey, Mike Hodda, John Jennings ,Claire Stephens, Erich Volschenk, David Yates. Key to Australian Freshwater and Terrestrial [[Invertebrates]]. https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/TFI/start%20key/key/hexapoda%20key/Media/HTML/Diplura.html

	5. Allen, R. T. 2002. A Synopsis of the Diplura of North America: Keys to Higher Taxa, Systematics, Distributions and Descriptions of New Taxa ([[Arthropoda]]: Insecta). Transactions of the American Entomological Society (1890-) 128:403-466. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25078790		5. Allen, R. T. 2002. A Synopsis of the Diplura of North America: Keys to Higher Taxa, Systematics, Distributions and Descriptions of New Taxa ([[Arthropoda]]: Insecta). Transactions of the American Entomological Society (1890-) 128:403-466. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25078790

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2021-04-29T17:03:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:03, 29 April 2021
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	:'''Projapygidae'''		:'''Projapygidae'''
	:Found around the world in places such as North and South America, Europe, Africa, China, India, and Austrailia. Projapygidae are generally omnivorous and feed on both live and decaying vegetation or animals, but predatory activities have also been observed [12]. Characteristics of the Projapygidae family are: a complete cephalic suture; trichobothria present on antennal segments 4-22; labial palpi well developed; subcoxal appendages on abdominal sternite 1 that is cylindrical; and abdominal sternites without exertile vesicles.		:Found around the world in places such as North and South America, Europe, Africa, China, India, and Austrailia. Projapygidae are generally omnivorous and feed on both live and decaying vegetation or [[animals]], but predatory activities have also been observed [12]. Characteristics of the Projapygidae family are: a complete cephalic suture; trichobothria present on antennal segments 4-22; labial palpi well developed; subcoxal appendages on abdominal sternite 1 that is cylindrical; and abdominal sternites without exertile vesicles.

	==='''Campodeoidea'''===		==='''Campodeoidea'''===
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	Is a super family that includes Parajapygidae, Dinjjapygidae, and Japygidae. They are characterized by their predacious life habits and pincer-shaped cerci [12].		Is a super family that includes Parajapygidae, Dinjjapygidae, and Japygidae. They are characterized by their predacious life habits and pincer-shaped cerci [12].
	:'''Parajapygidae'''		:'''Parajapygidae'''
	:Represented by two genera: Parajapyx and Grassjapyx. They were divided according to the shape of cerci (inner margin of cerci straight, tooth 1 not separated from others by a sinus in Grassjapyx vs. 2-5 or 3-5 on a convexity of the internal magrin, tooth 1 is separated from others in a sinus in Parajapyx) [10]. Most species of Parajapygidae are carnivores feeding on small arthropods but there are some records of them feeding on the roots of wheat and other agricultural crops [11]. Due to them feeding on roots they have been reported as a potential pest of crops, such as sugarcane and wheat roots in arable soil [11]. Characteristics useful in identifying members of this family include: antennae without trichobothria and with a maximum of 4 placoid sensillae on the terminal article; thorax with 2 pair of spiracles; and an abdominal sternite I with a pair of styles and a pair of lateral subcoxal organs.		:Represented by two genera: Parajapyx and Grassjapyx. They were divided according to the shape of cerci (inner margin of cerci straight, tooth 1 not separated from others by a sinus in Grassjapyx vs. 2-5 or 3-5 on a convexity of the internal magrin, tooth 1 is separated from others in a sinus in Parajapyx) [10]. Most species of Parajapygidae are carnivores feeding on small [[arthropods]] but there are some records of them feeding on the roots of wheat and other agricultural crops [11]. Due to them feeding on roots they have been reported as a potential pest of crops, such as sugarcane and wheat roots in arable [[soil]] [11]. Characteristics useful in identifying members of this family include: antennae without trichobothria and with a maximum of 4 placoid sensillae on the terminal article; thorax with 2 pair of spiracles; and an abdominal sternite I with a pair of styles and a pair of lateral subcoxal organs.

	:'''Dinjapygidae'''		:'''Dinjapygidae'''
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	==Diet==		==Diet==
	Some Diplura are herbivorous feeding on plant roots and fungi that are decomposing plant matter [4]. Others are predaceous who primarily hunt other small arthropods [1]. The predatory species wait buried in the soil with the tip of there abdomen on the surface waiting for arthropods to encounter their pincer-like cerci [4]		Some Diplura are herbivorous feeding on [[plant roots]] and fungi that are [[decomposing]] plant matter [4]. Others are predaceous who primarily hunt other small arthropods [1]. The predatory species wait buried in the soil with the tip of there abdomen on the surface waiting for arthropods to encounter their pincer-like cerci [4]
	==Reproduction==		==Reproduction==
	Sperm transfer is indirect similar to that of Collembola, the male deposits a spermatophore on the substrate [4]. The Female diplurans gather male spermatophores from on the ground, taking the spermatophores up thought the genital opening [3]. Eggs are laid in clusters in decomposing plant material or in crevices in the soil, in some species the females are known to guard the eggs and recently emerged larvae [4].		Sperm transfer is indirect similar to that of [[Collembola]], the male deposits a [[spermatophore]] on the substrate [4]. The Female diplurans gather male spermatophores from on the ground, taking the spermatophores up thought the genital opening [3]. Eggs are laid in clusters in decomposing plant material or in crevices in the soil, in some species the females are known to guard the eggs and recently emerged larvae [4].
	==Ecology==		==Ecology==
	Mainly found in moist environments, diplurans are often found in small groups or colonies in soil, leaf litter, moss, and under rocks [4]. Some species have been found in the nests of ants and termites and in caves. In some places in the world some root-feeding species have been reported as pests of crops such as sugar cane, peanuts, and melons [4].		Mainly found in moist environments, diplurans are often found in small groups or colonies in soil, leaf litter, [[moss]], and under rocks [4]. Some species have been found in the nests of ants and termites and in caves. In some places in the world some root-feeding species have been reported as pests of crops such as sugar cane, peanuts, and melons [4].


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	1. Tree of Life Web Project. 1995. Diplura. Version 01 January 1995 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Diplura/8204/1995.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/		1. Tree of Life Web Project. 1995. Diplura. Version 01 January 1995 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Diplura/8204/1995.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

	2. David Coleman, M. C., D. Crossley, Jr. 2017. Fundamentals of Soil Ecology. Third edition. Candice Janco, Academic Press.		2. David Coleman, M. C., D. Crossley, Jr. 2017. Fundamentals of Soil [[Ecology]]. Third edition. Candice Janco, Academic Press.

	3. Britannica, T. E. E. 2017. Dipluran. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.		3. Britannica, T. E. E. 2017. Dipluran. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.
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	4. Andrew Austin, E. F.-J., s Mark Harvey, Mike Hodda, John Jennings ,Claire Stephens, Erich Volschenk, David Yates. Key to Australian Freshwater and Terrestrial Invertebrates. https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/TFI/start%20key/key/hexapoda%20key/Media/HTML/Diplura.html		4. Andrew Austin, E. F.-J., s Mark Harvey, Mike Hodda, John Jennings ,Claire Stephens, Erich Volschenk, David Yates. Key to Australian Freshwater and Terrestrial Invertebrates. https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/TFI/start%20key/key/hexapoda%20key/Media/HTML/Diplura.html

	5. Allen, R. T. 2002. A Synopsis of the Diplura of North America: Keys to Higher Taxa, Systematics, Distributions and Descriptions of New Taxa (Arthropoda: Insecta). Transactions of the American Entomological Society (1890-) 128:403-466. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25078790		5. Allen, R. T. 2002. A Synopsis of the Diplura of North America: Keys to Higher Taxa, Systematics, Distributions and Descriptions of New Taxa ([[Arthropoda]]: Insecta). Transactions of the American Entomological Society (1890-) 128:403-466. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25078790

	6. Meyers, J. 2016. Diplurans. NC State University. https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/course/ent425/library/compendium/diplura.html		6. Meyers, J. 2016. Diplurans. NC State University. https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/course/ent425/library/compendium/diplura.html
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	11. Greenslade, P., and Y.-X. Luan. 2018. A new Australian record of a Parajapidae (Diplura): a potential pest of wheat. Soil Research 56:657+.		11. Greenslade, P., and Y.-X. Luan. 2018. A new Australian record of a Parajapidae (Diplura): a potential pest of wheat. Soil Research 56:657+.

	12. Resh, V. H., Card, eacute, D. P. Carde, A. M. B. C. i. t. D. o. E. R. T, and R. T. Card. 2009. Encyclopedia of Insects. Elsevier Science & Technology, San Diego, UNITED STATES.		12. Resh, V. H., Card, eacute, D. P. Carde, A. M. B. C. i. t. D. o. E. R. T, and R. T. Card. 2009. Encyclopedia of [[Insects]]. Elsevier Science & Technology, San Diego, UNITED STATES.

Cjfinn2: /* Projapygoidea */

2019-05-06T12:54:44Z

Projapygoidea

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:54, 6 May 2019
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	:'''Anajapygidae'''		:'''Anajapygidae'''
	:Most diverse in Central and South America but does have three species in North America and one in Italy. Characteristics of the Anajapygidae family are: cephalic suture reduced to its posterior :branch; trichobothria on antennal segments 5-10 and in some species on even numbered segments distal to segment 10; labial palpi rudimentary; appendages of the subcoxal organs on abdominal sternite I pyriform; and a pair of exertile organs on abdominal sternites 2-7.		:Most diverse in Central and South America but does have three species in North America and one in Italy. Characteristics of the Anajapygidae family are: cephalic suture reduced to its posterior branch; trichobothria on antennal segments 5-10 and in some species on even numbered segments distal to segment 10; labial palpi rudimentary; appendages of the subcoxal organs on abdominal sternite I pyriform; and a pair of exertile organs on abdominal sternites 2-7.

	:'''Projapygidae'''		:'''Projapygidae'''

Cjfinn2: /* Projapygoidea */

2019-05-06T12:54:20Z

Projapygoidea

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:54, 6 May 2019
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	:'''Anajapygidae'''		:'''Anajapygidae'''
	:Most diverse in Central and South America but does have three species in North America and one in Italy. Characteristics of the Anajapygidae family are: cephalic suture reduced to its posterior :branch; trichobothria on antennal segments 5-10 and in some species on even numbered segments distal to segment 10; labial palpi rudimentary; appendages of the subcoxal organs on abdominal sternite I :pyriform; and a pair of exertile organs on abdominal sternites 2-7.		:Most diverse in Central and South America but does have three species in North America and one in Italy. Characteristics of the Anajapygidae family are: cephalic suture reduced to its posterior :branch; trichobothria on antennal segments 5-10 and in some species on even numbered segments distal to segment 10; labial palpi rudimentary; appendages of the subcoxal organs on abdominal sternite I pyriform; and a pair of exertile organs on abdominal sternites 2-7.

	:'''Projapygidae'''		:'''Projapygidae'''

Cjfinn2: /* Campodeoidea */

2019-05-06T12:53:59Z

Campodeoidea

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:53, 6 May 2019
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	:'''Campodeidae'''		:'''Campodeidae'''
	:This is one of the two largest families of Diplura. The group has worldwide distribution occurring on all continents except for Antarctica. They are generally omnivorous and feed on both live and decaying vegetation or animals, but some predatory activities have been observed [12]. Identifying characteristics are: mandible with a :lacinia mobilies; trichobothria on antennal segments 3 III to VI; three pairs of spiracles on the thorax; long segmented cerci; epicranial suture that is usually complete; and abdominal sternite 1 with a :pair of distinct subcoxal appendages.		:This is one of the two largest families of Diplura. The group has worldwide distribution occurring on all continents except for Antarctica. They are generally omnivorous and feed on both live and decaying vegetation or animals, but some predatory activities have been observed [12]. Identifying characteristics are: mandible with a :lacinia mobilies; trichobothria on antennal segments 3 III to VI; three pairs of spiracles on the thorax; long segmented cerci; epicranial suture that is usually complete; and abdominal sternite 1 with a pair of distinct subcoxal appendages.

	:'''Octostigmatidae'''		:'''Octostigmatidae'''

Cjfinn2: /* Campodeoidea */

2019-05-05T23:58:14Z

Campodeoidea

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:58, 5 May 2019
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	:'''Campodeidae'''		:'''Campodeidae'''
	:This is one of the two largest families of Diplura. The group has worldwide distribution occurring on all continents except for Antarctica. Identifying characteristics are: mandible with a :lacinia mobilies; trichobothria on antennal segments 3 III to VI; three pairs of spiracles on the thorax; long segmented cerci; epicranial suture that is usually complete; and abdominal sternite 1 with a :pair of distinct subcoxal appendages.		:This is one of the two largest families of Diplura. The group has worldwide distribution occurring on all continents except for Antarctica. They are generally omnivorous and feed on both live and decaying vegetation or animals, but some predatory activities have been observed [12]. Identifying characteristics are: mandible with a :lacinia mobilies; trichobothria on antennal segments 3 III to VI; three pairs of spiracles on the thorax; long segmented cerci; epicranial suture that is usually complete; and abdominal sternite 1 with a :pair of distinct subcoxal appendages.

	:'''Octostigmatidae'''		:'''Octostigmatidae'''

Cjfinn2: /* Projapygoidea */

2019-05-05T23:55:54Z

Projapygoidea

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:55, 5 May 2019
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	:'''Projapygidae'''		:'''Projapygidae'''
	:Found around the world in places such as North and South America, Europe, Africa, China, India, and Austrailia. Projapygidae are generally omnivorous and feed on both live and decaying vegetation or animals, but predatory activities have also been observed. Characteristics of the Projapygidae family are: a complete cephalic suture; trichobothria present on antennal segments 4-22; labial palpi well developed; subcoxal appendages on abdominal sternite 1 that is cylindrical; and abdominal sternites without exertile vesicles.		:Found around the world in places such as North and South America, Europe, Africa, China, India, and Austrailia. Projapygidae are generally omnivorous and feed on both live and decaying vegetation or animals, but predatory activities have also been observed [12]. Characteristics of the Projapygidae family are: a complete cephalic suture; trichobothria present on antennal segments 4-22; labial palpi well developed; subcoxal appendages on abdominal sternite 1 that is cylindrical; and abdominal sternites without exertile vesicles.

	==='''Campodeoidea'''===		==='''Campodeoidea'''===

Cjfinn2: /* Japygoidea */

2019-05-05T23:55:13Z

Japygoidea

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:55, 5 May 2019
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	===Japygoidea===		===Japygoidea===
	Is a super family that includes Parajapygidae, Dinjjapygidae, and Japygidae. They are ~~charactereized~~ by their predacious life habits and pincer-shaped cerci [12].		Is a super family that includes Parajapygidae, Dinjjapygidae, and Japygidae. They are characterized by their predacious life habits and pincer-shaped cerci [12].
	:'''Parajapygidae'''		:'''Parajapygidae'''
	:Represented by two genera: Parajapyx and Grassjapyx. They were divided according to the shape of cerci (inner margin of cerci straight, tooth 1 not separated from others by a sinus in Grassjapyx vs. 2-5 or 3-5 on a convexity of the internal magrin, tooth 1 is separated from others in a sinus in Parajapyx) [10]. Most species of Parajapygidae are carnivores feeding on small arthropods but there are some records of them feeding on the roots of wheat and other agricultural crops [11]. Due to them feeding on roots they have been reported as a potential pest of crops, such as sugarcane and wheat roots in arable soil [11]. Characteristics useful in identifying members of this family include: antennae without trichobothria and with a maximum of 4 placoid sensillae on the terminal article; thorax with 2 pair of spiracles; and an abdominal sternite I with a pair of styles and a pair of lateral subcoxal organs.		:Represented by two genera: Parajapyx and Grassjapyx. They were divided according to the shape of cerci (inner margin of cerci straight, tooth 1 not separated from others by a sinus in Grassjapyx vs. 2-5 or 3-5 on a convexity of the internal magrin, tooth 1 is separated from others in a sinus in Parajapyx) [10]. Most species of Parajapygidae are carnivores feeding on small arthropods but there are some records of them feeding on the roots of wheat and other agricultural crops [11]. Due to them feeding on roots they have been reported as a potential pest of crops, such as sugarcane and wheat roots in arable soil [11]. Characteristics useful in identifying members of this family include: antennae without trichobothria and with a maximum of 4 placoid sensillae on the terminal article; thorax with 2 pair of spiracles; and an abdominal sternite I with a pair of styles and a pair of lateral subcoxal organs.

Cjfinn2: /* Japygoidea */

2019-05-05T23:54:58Z

Japygoidea

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:54, 5 May 2019
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	===Japygoidea===		===Japygoidea===
	Is a super family that includes Parajapygidae, Dinjjapygidae, and Japygidae. They are charactereized by their predacious life habits and pincer-shaped cerci.		Is a super family that includes Parajapygidae, Dinjjapygidae, and Japygidae. They are charactereized by their predacious life habits and pincer-shaped cerci [12].
	:'''Parajapygidae'''		:'''Parajapygidae'''
	:Represented by two genera: Parajapyx and Grassjapyx. They were divided according to the shape of cerci (inner margin of cerci straight, tooth 1 not separated from others by a sinus in Grassjapyx vs. 2-5 or 3-5 on a convexity of the internal magrin, tooth 1 is separated from others in a sinus in Parajapyx) [10]. Most species of Parajapygidae are carnivores feeding on small arthropods but there are some records of them feeding on the roots of wheat and other agricultural crops [11]. Due to them feeding on roots they have been reported as a potential pest of crops, such as sugarcane and wheat roots in arable soil [11]. Characteristics useful in identifying members of this family include: antennae without trichobothria and with a maximum of 4 placoid sensillae on the terminal article; thorax with 2 pair of spiracles; and an abdominal sternite I with a pair of styles and a pair of lateral subcoxal organs.		:Represented by two genera: Parajapyx and Grassjapyx. They were divided according to the shape of cerci (inner margin of cerci straight, tooth 1 not separated from others by a sinus in Grassjapyx vs. 2-5 or 3-5 on a convexity of the internal magrin, tooth 1 is separated from others in a sinus in Parajapyx) [10]. Most species of Parajapygidae are carnivores feeding on small arthropods but there are some records of them feeding on the roots of wheat and other agricultural crops [11]. Due to them feeding on roots they have been reported as a potential pest of crops, such as sugarcane and wheat roots in arable soil [11]. Characteristics useful in identifying members of this family include: antennae without trichobothria and with a maximum of 4 placoid sensillae on the terminal article; thorax with 2 pair of spiracles; and an abdominal sternite I with a pair of styles and a pair of lateral subcoxal organs.