Critical zone - Revision history

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2023-05-10T18:04:27Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 10 May 2023
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	! Status		! Status
	\|-		\|-
	\| Boulder Creek CZO \|\| Colorado \|\| Temperate, Subhumid \|\| Alpine Tundra, Mixed Forest, Grassland/Herbaceous, Agriculture-Pasture, Developed-Low \|\| Erosion and weathering impacts on Critical Zone architecture and evolution, concentrating on slope, climate, ecosystems, and rock properties \|\| Active		\| Boulder Creek CZO \|\| Colorado \|\| Temperate, Subhumid \|\| Alpine Tundra, Mixed Forest, Grassland/Herbaceous, [[Agriculture]]-Pasture, Developed-Low \|\| Erosion and weathering impacts on Critical Zone architecture and evolution, concentrating on slope, climate, ecosystems, and rock properties \|\| Active
	\|-		\|-
	\| Calhoun CZO \|\| South Carolina \|\| Humid, Subtropical \|\| Grassland/Herbaceous, Mixed Forest \|\| Impacts of reforestation efforts on hydrology, geomorphology, biology, and biogeochemistry in areas with serious agricultural land and water degradation \|\| Active		\| Calhoun CZO \|\| South Carolina \|\| Humid, Subtropical \|\| Grassland/Herbaceous, Mixed Forest \|\| Impacts of reforestation efforts on hydrology, geomorphology, biology, and biogeochemistry in areas with serious agricultural land and water degradation \|\| Active

Showard8 at 02:22, 13 March 2023

2023-03-13T02:22:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:22, 12 March 2023
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	Processes within the Critical Zone take place across an extremely wide temporal scale, ranging from multimillion-year time frames of plate tectonics and weathering to rapid transformations of short-term events like water cycling or impacts from pollutant introduction like heavy metals into soils.		Processes within the Critical Zone take place across an extremely wide temporal scale, ranging from multimillion-year time frames of plate tectonics and weathering to rapid transformations of short-term events like water cycling or impacts from pollutant introduction like heavy metals into soils.

	Along with wide ranges in temporal scales, [[properties]] of the Critical Zone vary over distance. Soil composition, biomass type and availability, water resources and overall climate all contribute to processes within the Critical Zone, making Critical Zone science a complex and interdisciplinary study.		Along with wide ranges in temporal scales, [[properties]] of the Critical Zone vary over distance. Soil composition, biomass type and availability, water resources, and overall climate all contribute to processes within the Critical Zone, making Critical Zone science a complex and interdisciplinary study.

	The key to Critical Zone science is to use observatories as “time telescopes” that allow ~~focus~~ not only on the processes occurring in present day but allow for comparisons against past and future process records, as well as comparisons across distances to compare interactions and cycle influences.<sup>[3]		The key to Critical Zone science is to use observatories as “time telescopes” that allow focusing not only on the processes occurring in present-day but allow for comparisons against past and future process records, as well as comparisons across distances to compare interactions and cycle influences.<sup>[3]


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	The research at each CZO includes field and theoretical approaches, as well as emphasizing education and outreach to students aged anywhere from K-12 to graduate levels. Although funded individually, the U.S. based CZOs work together to better understand scientific processes and impacts within the Critical Zone, aiming to increase their knowledge of how the CZ operates and evolves, with a key focus on looking into a predictive ability to how processes will respond to changes in climate and land use.<sup>[8]		The research at each CZO includes field and theoretical approaches, as well as emphasizing education and outreach to students aged anywhere from K-12 to graduate levels. Although funded individually, the U.S. based CZOs work together to better understand scientific processes and impacts within the Critical Zone, aiming to increase their knowledge of how the CZ operates and evolves, with a key focus on looking into a predictive ability to how processes will respond to changes in climate and land use.<sup>[8]

	[[File:CZO.png\|800px\|thumb\|center\|Global network of Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) and CZO-like sites. Red dots indicate NSF funded US locations; orange dots indicate Terrestrial Environment Observatories (TERENO) CZOs in Germany; dark red dots indicate CZOs established by Soil Transformations in European Catchments (SoilTrEC), located in Switzerland, Austria, Greece, and Czechia. Blue dots indicate other CZO-like sites registered under SoilTrEC. This map of global network CZOs may not be complete.<sup>[3]]]		[[File:CZO.png\|800px\|thumb\|center\|Global network of Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) and CZO-like sites. Red dots indicate NSF-funded US locations; orange dots indicate Terrestrial Environment Observatories (TERENO) CZOs in Germany; dark red dots indicate CZOs established by Soil Transformations in European Catchments (SoilTrEC), located in Switzerland, Austria, Greece, and Czechia. Blue dots indicate other CZO-like sites registered under SoilTrEC. This map of global network CZOs may not be complete.<sup>[3]]]



	=== '''NSF Funded Locations within US and US Governed Territories'''<sup>[7] ===		=== '''NSF Funded Locations within the US and US Governed Territories'''<sup>[7] ===
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! Observatory		! Observatory

Kellifal at 18:42, 10 March 2023

2023-03-10T18:42:42Z

Kellifal: edits assignment 03/10/2023

2023-03-10T18:20:01Z

edits assignment 03/10/2023

Show changes

Nmdinard at 17:16, 12 May 2022

2022-05-12T17:16:24Z

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	[[File:CriticalZone.png\|thumb\|upright=1.75\|Depiction of the Critical Zone.]]		[[File:CriticalZone.png\|thumb\|upright=1.75\|Depiction of the Critical Zone.]]
	The Critical Zone is a theoretical concept that connects the atmosphere, ~~vegetation~~, [[~~soil~~]], water, and nutrient availability for life systems. An overarching idea that. if ~~correct~~, connects all systems within this zone and regulates all of terrestrial life. The concept was first published by the National Research Council in 2000, and their initial depiction of it describes it as the "heterogeneous, near-surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living [[organisms]] regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources". [1]		The Critical Zone is a theoretical concept that connects the atmosphere, biosphere, [[pedosphere]], water, and nutrient availability for life systems. An overarching idea that, if true, connects all systems within this zone and regulates all of terrestrial life. The concept was first published by the National Research Council in 2000, and their initial depiction of the Critical Zone describes it as the "heterogeneous, near-surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, [[soil]], water, air, and living [[organisms]] regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources". [1]

			== Properties ==
			The Critical Zone is a unique section of Earth to study, and a large number of variables make quantifying and relating data difficult. Response time to outside forcings on the critical zone varies wildly, depending on what the source was. For example, a flood would be a relatively quick response, while the response to heavy metal pollution in soil may take much longer. Some responses may take thousands of years, such as geological movements and fluctuations [2]. The composition of the critical zone is also different for every section of the critical zone around the Earth. It may be 2 meters in one section, while 40 meters in another. It may be composed of loamy soils with grasses on tops, or the pedosphere layer could be littered with tree roots. All while water concentrations move throughout the zone, transporting material and nutrients required for all life systems. The critical zone supplies terrestrial life with nutrients required for survival for all terrestrial life and has been able to do so for all of history. Hence the term 'Critical Zone'. [3]

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	[1] Council, National Research. Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science. 2000. nap.nationalacademies.org, https://doi.org/10.17226/9981.		[1] Council, National Research. Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science. 2000. nap.nationalacademies.org, https://doi.org/10.17226/9981.

			[2] Jacobson, M., R. Charlson, R. Henning, and G. Oriens. 2000. Earth System Science, Volume 72 - 1st Edition. https://www.elsevier.com/books/earth-system-science/jacobson/978-0-12-379370-6.

			[3] Lin, H. S. 2009. Earth’s Critical Zone and hydropedology:65.

			[4] Guo, L., and H. Lin. 2016. Critical Zone Research and Observatories: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Vadose Zone Journal 15:1–14.

Nmdinard at 16:46, 12 May 2022

2022-05-12T16:46:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:46, 12 May 2022
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	[[File:CriticalZone.png\|thumb\|upright=1.75\|Depiction of the Critical Zone.]]		[[File:CriticalZone.png\|thumb\|upright=1.75\|Depiction of the Critical Zone.]]
	The Critical Zone is a theoretical concept that connects the atmosphere, vegetation, [[soil]], water, and nutrient availability for life systems. The concept was first published by the National Research Council in 2000, and their initial depiction of it describes it as the "heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living [[organisms]] regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources". [1]		The Critical Zone is a theoretical concept that connects the atmosphere, vegetation, [[soil]], water, and nutrient availability for life systems. An overarching idea that. if correct, connects all systems within this zone and regulates all of terrestrial life. The concept was first published by the National Research Council in 2000, and their initial depiction of it describes it as the "heterogeneous, near-surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living [[organisms]] regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources". [1]

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Nmdinard at 21:18, 25 April 2022

2022-04-25T21:18:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:18, 25 April 2022
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			[[File:CriticalZone.png\|thumb\|upright=1.75\|Depiction of the Critical Zone.]]
	The Critical Zone is a theoretical concept that connects the atmosphere, vegetation, [[soil]], water, and nutrient availability for life systems. The concept was first published by the National Research Council in 2000, and their initial depiction of it describes it as the "heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living [[organisms]] regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources". [1]		The Critical Zone is a theoretical concept that connects the atmosphere, vegetation, [[soil]], water, and nutrient availability for life systems. The concept was first published by the National Research Council in 2000, and their initial depiction of it describes it as the "heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living [[organisms]] regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources". [1]
	~~[[File:CriticalZone.png\|thumb\|upright=1.75\|Depiction of the Critical Zone.]]~~

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Nmdinard at 21:18, 25 April 2022

2022-04-25T21:18:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:18, 25 April 2022
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	The Critical Zone is a theoretical concept that connects the atmosphere, vegetation, [[soil]], water, and nutrient availability for life systems. The concept was first published by the National Research Council in 2000, and their initial depiction of it describes it as the "heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living [[organisms]] regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources". [1]		The Critical Zone is a theoretical concept that connects the atmosphere, vegetation, [[soil]], water, and nutrient availability for life systems. The concept was first published by the National Research Council in 2000, and their initial depiction of it describes it as the "heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living [[organisms]] regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources". [1]
			[[File:CriticalZone.png\|thumb\|upright=1.75\|Depiction of the Critical Zone.]]

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			==References==

			[1] Council, National Research. Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science. 2000. nap.nationalacademies.org, https://doi.org/10.17226/9981.

Nmdinard: Created page with " The Critical Zone is a theoretical concept that connects the atmosphere, vegetation, soil, water, and nutrient availability for life systems. The concept was first published..."

2022-04-25T10:27:37Z

Created page with " The Critical Zone is a theoretical concept that connects the atmosphere, vegetation, soil, water, and nutrient availability for life systems. The concept was first published..."

New page

The Critical Zone is a theoretical concept that connects the atmosphere, vegetation, [[soil]], water, and nutrient availability for life systems. The concept was first published by the National Research Council in 2000, and their initial depiction of it describes it as the "heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living [[organisms]] regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources". [1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:42, 10 March 2023
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	== '''The Critical Zone''' ==		== '''The Critical Zone''' ==
	[[File:CriticalZone.png\|thumb\|upright=1.2\|Artistic Depiction of the Critical Zone[8]]]		[[File:CriticalZone.png\|thumb\|upright=1.2\|Artistic Depiction of the Critical Zone <sup>[8]]]
	[[File:CZ_diagram.png\|400px\|thumb\|left\|Physical, chemical, and biological processes in the critical zone are influenced and altered by climate, tectonic and anthropogenic forces. These lead to responses in the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and pedosphere over both long and short timescales.[3]]]		[[File:CZ_diagram.png\|400px\|thumb\|left\|Physical, chemical, and biological processes in the critical zone are influenced and altered by climate, tectonic and anthropogenic forces. These lead to responses in the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and pedosphere over both long and short timescales.<sup>[3]]]
	The Critical Zone is a term first adopted by the US National Research Council to describe the region of Earth’s surface that houses all life and the systems that support it. Officially, the Critical Zone is described as the “heterogeneous, near-surface environment in which complex interactions involving, rock, [[soil]], water, air, and living [[organisms]] regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources”.[1] From this original statement, many definitions have been crafted to determine the boundary of this zone, including all regions between the bottom of Earth’s weathering zone or aquifer base up to the top of the vegetation canopy.~~[2][3]~~ In layman’s terms, the Critical Zone is the Earth’s outer skin; the region where rock, soil, water, air, and all living organisms interact and work in tandem to shape the Earth’s surface.		The Critical Zone is a term first adopted by the US National Research Council to describe the region of Earth’s surface that houses all life and the systems that support it. Officially, the Critical Zone is described as the “heterogeneous, near-surface environment in which complex interactions involving, rock, [[soil]], water, air, and living [[organisms]] regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources”.<sup>[1]</sup> From this original statement, many definitions have been crafted to determine the boundary of this zone, including all regions between the bottom of Earth’s weathering zone or aquifer base up to the top of the vegetation canopy. In layman’s terms, the Critical Zone is the Earth’s outer skin; the region where rock, soil, water, air, and all living organisms interact and work in tandem to shape the Earth’s surface.<sup>[2][3]

	Complex biogeochemical-physical processes combine to transform rock and biomass into soil which in turn supplies much of the terrestrial biosphere with nutrients required for survival.[4] Simply put, the Critical Zone is the Earth’s life support system, and entire areas of study have been dedicated to understanding the complex processes and cycles that interact with one another to support Earth’s multitude of lifeforms.		Complex biogeochemical-physical processes combine to transform rock and biomass into soil which in turn supplies much of the terrestrial biosphere with nutrients required for survival.<sup>[4]</sup> Simply put, the Critical Zone is the Earth’s life support system, and entire areas of study have been dedicated to understanding the complex processes and cycles that interact with one another to support Earth’s multitude of lifeforms.


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	Along with wide ranges in temporal scales, [[properties]] of the Critical Zone vary over distance. Soil composition, biomass type and availability, water resources and overall climate all contribute to processes within the Critical Zone, making Critical Zone science a complex and interdisciplinary study.		Along with wide ranges in temporal scales, [[properties]] of the Critical Zone vary over distance. Soil composition, biomass type and availability, water resources and overall climate all contribute to processes within the Critical Zone, making Critical Zone science a complex and interdisciplinary study.

	The key to Critical Zone science is to use observatories as “time telescopes” that allow focus not only on the processes occurring in present day but allow for comparisons against past and future process records, as well as comparisons across distances to compare interactions and cycle influences.[3]		The key to Critical Zone science is to use observatories as “time telescopes” that allow focus not only on the processes occurring in present day but allow for comparisons against past and future process records, as well as comparisons across distances to compare interactions and cycle influences.<sup>[3]


	== '''Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs)''' ==		== '''Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs)''' ==
	CZOs are natural watershed laboratories used to study various aspects of the Critical Zone with the intent of gaining a better understanding of its complex systems.[5] CZOs integrate the study of Earth’s surface processes, such as landscape evolution, weathering, hydrology, geochemistry, climatology, and [[ecology]], across multiple spatial and temporal scales to study anthropogenic impacts on Earth’s vital systems. [3][7]		CZOs are natural watershed laboratories used to study various aspects of the Critical Zone with the intent of gaining a better understanding of its complex systems.<sup>[5]</sup> CZOs integrate the study of Earth’s surface processes, such as landscape evolution, weathering, hydrology, geochemistry, climatology, and [[ecology]], across multiple spatial and temporal scales to study anthropogenic impacts on Earth’s vital systems. <sup>[3][7]

	The research at each CZO includes field and theoretical approaches, as well as emphasizing education and outreach to students aged anywhere from K-12 to graduate levels. Although funded individually, the U.S. based CZOs work together to better understand scientific processes and impacts within the Critical Zone, aiming to increase their knowledge of how the CZ operates and evolves, with a key focus on looking into a predictive ability to how processes will respond to changes in climate and land use.[8]		The research at each CZO includes field and theoretical approaches, as well as emphasizing education and outreach to students aged anywhere from K-12 to graduate levels. Although funded individually, the U.S. based CZOs work together to better understand scientific processes and impacts within the Critical Zone, aiming to increase their knowledge of how the CZ operates and evolves, with a key focus on looking into a predictive ability to how processes will respond to changes in climate and land use.<sup>[8]

	[[File:CZO.png\|800px\|thumb\|center\|Global network of Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) and CZO-like sites. Red dots indicate NSF funded US locations; orange dots indicate Terrestrial Environment Observatories (TERENO) CZOs in Germany; dark red dots indicate CZOs established by Soil Transformations in European Catchments (SoilTrEC), located in Switzerland, Austria, Greece, and Czechia. Blue dots indicate other CZO-like sites registered under SoilTrEC. This map of global network CZOs may not be complete.[3]]]		[[File:CZO.png\|800px\|thumb\|center\|Global network of Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) and CZO-like sites. Red dots indicate NSF funded US locations; orange dots indicate Terrestrial Environment Observatories (TERENO) CZOs in Germany; dark red dots indicate CZOs established by Soil Transformations in European Catchments (SoilTrEC), located in Switzerland, Austria, Greece, and Czechia. Blue dots indicate other CZO-like sites registered under SoilTrEC. This map of global network CZOs may not be complete.<sup>[3]]]



	=== '''NSF Funded Locations within US and US Governed Territories'''[7] ===		=== '''NSF Funded Locations within US and US Governed Territories'''<sup>[7] ===
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	! Observatory		! Observatory
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	\| Susquehanna Shale Hills CZO \|\| Pennsylvania \|\| Temperature, Humid \|\| Deciduous Forest, Agriculture-Pasture \|\| Quantitative prediction of Critical Zone creation and structure, focusing on pathways and rates of water, solutes, and sediments \|\| Active		\| Susquehanna Shale Hills CZO \|\| Pennsylvania \|\| Temperature, Humid \|\| Deciduous Forest, Agriculture-Pasture \|\| Quantitative prediction of Critical Zone creation and structure, focusing on pathways and rates of water, solutes, and sediments \|\| Active
	\|-		\|-
	\| Southern Sierra CZO \|\| California \|\| Mediterranean, Humid \|\| Evergreen Forest, Shrubland, Grassland/Herbaceous \|\| Investigates critical zone across mountainous elevation gradient, focusing on water balance, nutrient cycling, and weathering processes \|\| Active		\| Southern Sierra CZO \|\| California \|\| Mediterranean, Humid \|\| Evergreen Forest, Shrubland, Grassland/Herbaceous \|\| Investigates critical zone across mountainous elevation gradient, focusing on water balance, [[Nutrient Cycling\|nutrient cycling]], and weathering processes \|\| Active
	\|-		\|-
	\| Christina River Basin CZO \|\| Delaware/Pennsylvania \|\| Temperate, Humid \|\| Deciduous Forest, Agriculture-Crops, Developed-Low \|\| Understanding of water, mineral and carbon cycle fluxes to better quantify human impacts on carbon sequestration in Critical Zones \|\| Inactive		\| Christina River Basin CZO \|\| Delaware/Pennsylvania \|\| Temperate, Humid \|\| Deciduous Forest, Agriculture-Crops, Developed-Low \|\| Understanding of water, mineral and carbon cycle fluxes to better quantify human impacts on carbon sequestration in Critical Zones \|\| Inactive
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	==References==		==References==

	[1] National Research Council. Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science. 2000. nap.nationalacademies.org, https://doi.org/10.17226/9981.		[1] National Research Council. Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science. 2000. nap.nationalacademies.org, https://doi.org/10.17226/9981.