Ciliates - Revision history

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2025-05-01T18:44:32Z

The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

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	== Feeding ==		== Feeding ==

	Ciliates are mostly heterotrophic, meaning they feed on smaller organisms. Food such as bacteria and algae, are swept into the”mouth” by the organism’s cilia. The food is moved by the cilia through the mouth pore into the gullet, which forms food vacuoles.		Ciliates are mostly heterotrophic, meaning they feed on smaller organisms. Food such as bacteria and [[algae]], are swept into the”mouth” by the organism’s cilia. The food is moved by the cilia through the mouth pore into the gullet, which forms food vacuoles.
	Feeding techniques vary from species to species. Some ciliates are mouthless and feed by osmotrophy, while others are predatory and feed on other protozoa. There are also ciliates that parasitize [[animals]].		Feeding techniques vary from species to species. Some ciliates are mouthless and feed by osmotrophy, while others are predatory and feed on other protozoa. There are also ciliates that parasitize [[animals]].

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2021-04-29T17:03:40Z

The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles">https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles</a>).

Earlbalg at 01:27, 6 May 2019

2019-05-06T01:27:01Z

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	== ~~Ciliates~~ Overview ==		==Overview==

	[[File:wiki5.jpg\|~~right~~\|thumb\|Paramecium[5]]]		[[File:wiki5.jpg\|300px\|left\|thumb\|Paramecium[5]]]

	Ciliates are part of a group called [[Protozoa]], which means they are unicellular eukaryotic [[microorganisms]].		Ciliates are part of a group called [[Protozoa]], which means they are unicellular eukaryotic [[microorganisms]].
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	Ciliates are protists and love water. These organisms can be found almost anywhere there is water. Besides soil, Ciliates can be found in lakes, ponds, rivers, and even oceans.		Ciliates are protists and love water. These organisms can be found almost anywhere there is water. Besides soil, Ciliates can be found in lakes, ponds, rivers, and even oceans.


	'''History'''		'''History'''
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	The oldest ciliate fossils known are from the Ordovician Period. A separate description of fossil ciliates was published in 2007, of which came from the Doushantuo Formation in the Ediacaran Period. Ciliate fossils are extremely rare. Only a very few have been found preserved in amber or extremely fast phosphatization under unusual marine conditions.		The oldest ciliate fossils known are from the Ordovician Period. A separate description of fossil ciliates was published in 2007, of which came from the Doushantuo Formation in the Ediacaran Period. Ciliate fossils are extremely rare. Only a very few have been found preserved in amber or extremely fast phosphatization under unusual marine conditions.

			[[File:wiki7.png\|300px\|right\|thumb\|First Hairy Microbe (Tiny Fossils of First Known Ciliates)[3]]]
	[[File:wiki7.png\|right\|thumb\|First Hairy Microbe (Tiny Fossils of First Known Ciliates)[3]]]


	'''Examples of Ciliates:'''		'''Examples of Ciliates:'''
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	''[[Stentor]]'' : Large ciliate used for grafting and micromanipulations. Its morphology of its outer layer is revealed by bands of blue pigment.		''[[Stentor]]'' : Large ciliate used for grafting and micromanipulations. Its morphology of its outer layer is revealed by bands of blue pigment.

	[[File:wiki6.jpg\|~~center~~\|thumb\|Stentor[12]]]		[[File:wiki6.jpg\|300px\|left\|thumb\|Stentor[12]]]

	== Cell Structure ==		== Cell Structure ==


	'''Nuclei'''		'''Nuclei'''
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	Ciliates have a set of two different of nuclei, which is different from most protists. The first is called the diploid micronucleus, which is the smaller of the two. This nucleus carries the germline of the cell and is used to pass genetic material to offspring, meaning it is specialized for sexual exchange. As such, this nucleus does not contain nucleoli, meaning the micronucleus does not share its genes. The second, larger, nucleus is called the polyploid macronucleus, which takes care of general cell regulation. The macronucleus is formed by the micronucleus and displays the phenotype of the organism. The macronucleus is what allows vegetative growth because it is specialized with nucleoli to move RNA into ribosomes.		Ciliates have a set of two different of nuclei, which is different from most protists. The first is called the diploid micronucleus, which is the smaller of the two. This nucleus carries the germline of the cell and is used to pass genetic material to offspring, meaning it is specialized for sexual exchange. As such, this nucleus does not contain nucleoli, meaning the micronucleus does not share its genes. The second, larger, nucleus is called the polyploid macronucleus, which takes care of general cell regulation. The macronucleus is formed by the micronucleus and displays the phenotype of the organism. The macronucleus is what allows vegetative growth because it is specialized with nucleoli to move RNA into ribosomes.

	[[File:Wiki1.png\|~~center~~]]		[[File:Wiki1.png\|300px\|thumb\|left\|Ciliate Nucliei]]

	'''Conjunction'''		'''Conjunction'''
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	== Reproduction ==		== Reproduction ==

	[[File:Wiki3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Binary Reproduction[11]]]		[[File:Wiki3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|300px\|Binary Reproduction[11]]]


	Ciliates reproduce asexually. This process involves various cases of fission, including binary. During fission, the micronucleus undergoes mitosis and the macronucleus undergoes amitosis. Afterwards, the cell divides in two, each with a copy of the micronucleus and the macronucleus.		Ciliates reproduce asexually. This process involves various cases of fission, including binary. During fission, the micronucleus undergoes mitosis and the macronucleus undergoes amitosis. Afterwards, the cell divides in two, each with a copy of the micronucleus and the macronucleus.

Seperreg: /* Reproduction */

2019-04-15T17:00:51Z

Reproduction

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	Ciliates reproduce asexually. This process involves various cases of ~~fusion~~, ~~incliuding~~ binary. During fission, the micronucleus undergoes mitosis and the macronucleus undergoes amitosis. Afterwards, the cell divides in two, each with a copy of the micronucleus and the macronucleus.		Ciliates reproduce asexually. This process involves various cases of fission, including binary. During fission, the micronucleus undergoes mitosis and the macronucleus undergoes amitosis. Afterwards, the cell divides in two, each with a copy of the micronucleus and the macronucleus.

	[[File:Wiki4.jpg\|thumb\|Asexual Reproduction[10]]]		[[File:Wiki4.jpg\|thumb\|Asexual Reproduction[10]]]

Colineck: /* Ciliates Overview */

2018-05-11T12:46:43Z

Ciliates Overview

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	There are around 3,500 species that have been described by scientists with the potential of thousands more to still be discovered. Ciliate species can have a wide range in not only size, but complexity. These species can measure anywhere from 10 µm to as large as 4 mm long and include some of the most morphologically advanced protozoans.		There are around 3,500 species that have been described by scientists with the potential of thousands more to still be discovered. Ciliate species can have a wide range in not only size, but complexity. These species can measure anywhere from 10 µm to as large as 4 mm long and include some of the most morphologically advanced protozoans.

	Ciliates are easily recognized by their cilia or hair-like organelles which are structurally similar to flagella. These organelles can be found in most members of the group. Cilia are more numerous and generally shorter than flagella. and are variously used in swimming, eating, staying in place, and other general movement.		Ciliates are easily recognized by their [[cilia]] or hair-like organelles which are structurally similar to [[flagella]]. These organelles can be found in most members of the group. Cilia are more numerous and generally shorter than flagella. and are variously used in swimming, eating, staying in place, and other general movement.

	Ciliates are protists and love water. These organisms can be found almost anywhere there is water. Besides soil, Ciliates can be found in lakes, ponds, rivers, and even oceans.		Ciliates are protists and love water. These organisms can be found almost anywhere there is water. Besides soil, Ciliates can be found in lakes, ponds, rivers, and even oceans.

Colineck: /* Ciliates Overview */

2018-05-11T12:44:03Z

Ciliates Overview

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	[[File:wiki5.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Paramecium[5]]]		[[File:wiki5.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Paramecium[5]]]

	Ciliates are part of a group called [[Protozoa]], which means they are unicellular eukaryotic [[~~organisms~~]].		Ciliates are part of a group called [[Protozoa]], which means they are unicellular eukaryotic [[microorganisms]].
	There are around 3,500 species that have been described by scientists with the potential of thousands more to still be discovered. Ciliate species can have a wide range in not only size, but complexity. These species can measure anywhere from 10 µm to as large as 4 mm long and include some of the most morphologically advanced protozoans.		There are around 3,500 species that have been described by scientists with the potential of thousands more to still be discovered. Ciliate species can have a wide range in not only size, but complexity. These species can measure anywhere from 10 µm to as large as 4 mm long and include some of the most morphologically advanced protozoans.

Colineck: /* Ciliates Overview */

2018-05-11T12:42:47Z

Ciliates Overview

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:42, 11 May 2018
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	[[File:wiki5.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Paramecium[5]]]		[[File:wiki5.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Paramecium[5]]]

	Ciliates are part of a group called [[Protozoa]], which means they are unicellular eukaryotic organisms.		Ciliates are part of a group called [[Protozoa]], which means they are unicellular eukaryotic [[organisms]].
	There are around 3,500 species that have been described by scientists with the potential of thousands more to still be discovered. Ciliate species can have a wide range in not only size, but complexity. These species can measure anywhere from 10 µm to as large as 4 mm long and include some of the most morphologically advanced protozoans.		There are around 3,500 species that have been described by scientists with the potential of thousands more to still be discovered. Ciliate species can have a wide range in not only size, but complexity. These species can measure anywhere from 10 µm to as large as 4 mm long and include some of the most morphologically advanced protozoans.

Colineck at 12:37, 11 May 2018

2018-05-11T12:37:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:37, 11 May 2018
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	[[File:wiki5.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Paramecium[5]]]		[[File:wiki5.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Paramecium[5]]]

	Ciliates are part of a group called ~~protozoa~~, which means they are unicellular eukaryotic organisms.		Ciliates are part of a group called [[Protozoa]], which means they are unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
	There are around 3,500 species that have been described by scientists with the potential of thousands more to still be discovered. Ciliate species can have a wide range in not only size, but complexity. These species can measure anywhere from 10 µm to as large as 4 mm long and include some of the most morphologically advanced protozoans.		There are around 3,500 species that have been described by scientists with the potential of thousands more to still be discovered. Ciliate species can have a wide range in not only size, but complexity. These species can measure anywhere from 10 µm to as large as 4 mm long and include some of the most morphologically advanced protozoans.

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	'''Examples of Ciliates:'''		'''Examples of Ciliates:'''

	''Paramecium'' : First ciliate to be used extensively for genetic studies, because conjugation could be controlled. Normally feeds on bacteria.		''[[Paramecium]]'' : First ciliate to be used extensively for genetic studies, because conjugation could be controlled. Normally feeds on bacteria.

	''Tetrahymena'' : Used in genetics because of methods for controlling conjugation so that it occurs synchronously in a large populations. Relatively easy to isolate the two kinds of nuclei.		''[[Tetrahymena]]'' : Used in genetics because of methods for controlling conjugation so that it occurs synchronously in a large populations. Relatively easy to isolate the two kinds of nuclei.

	''Stentor'' : Large ciliate used for grafting and micromanipulations. Its morphology of its outer layer is revealed by bands of blue pigment.		''[[Stentor]]'' : Large ciliate used for grafting and micromanipulations. Its morphology of its outer layer is revealed by bands of blue pigment.

	[[File:wiki6.jpg\|center\|thumb\|Stentor[12]]]		[[File:wiki6.jpg\|center\|thumb\|Stentor[12]]]

Colineck at 11:18, 9 May 2018

2018-05-09T11:18:18Z

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	== Ciliates Overview ==		== Ciliates Overview ==

	[[File:wiki5.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Paramecium]]		[[File:wiki5.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Paramecium[5]]]

	Ciliates are part of a group called protozoa, which means they are unicellular eukaryotic organisms.		Ciliates are part of a group called protozoa, which means they are unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
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	[[File:wiki7.png\|right\|thumb\|First Hairy Microbe (Tiny Fossils of First Known Ciliates)]]		[[File:wiki7.png\|right\|thumb\|First Hairy Microbe (Tiny Fossils of First Known Ciliates)[3]]]


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	== Reproduction ==		== Reproduction ==

	[[File:Wiki3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Binary Reproduction]]		[[File:Wiki3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Binary Reproduction[11]]]


	Ciliates reproduce asexually. This process involves various cases of fusion, incliuding binary. During fission, the micronucleus undergoes mitosis and the macronucleus undergoes amitosis. Afterwards, the cell divides in two, each with a copy of the micronucleus and the macronucleus.		Ciliates reproduce asexually. This process involves various cases of fusion, incliuding binary. During fission, the micronucleus undergoes mitosis and the macronucleus undergoes amitosis. Afterwards, the cell divides in two, each with a copy of the micronucleus and the macronucleus.

	[[File:Wiki4.jpg\|thumb\|Asexual Reproduction]]		[[File:Wiki4.jpg\|thumb\|Asexual Reproduction[10]]]

	The other types of fission that can occur in ciliate groups include:		The other types of fission that can occur in ciliate groups include:

Colineck: /* Ciliates Overview */

2018-05-09T11:15:15Z

Ciliates Overview

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:15, 9 May 2018
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	''Stentor'' : Large ciliate used for grafting and micromanipulations. Its morphology of its outer layer is revealed by bands of blue pigment.		''Stentor'' : Large ciliate used for grafting and micromanipulations. Its morphology of its outer layer is revealed by bands of blue pigment.

	[[File:wiki6.jpg\|center\|thumb\|Stentor]]		[[File:wiki6.jpg\|center\|thumb\|Stentor[12]]]

	== Cell Structure ==		== Cell Structure ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:03, 29 April 2021
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	Ciliates are part of a group called [[Protozoa]], which means they are unicellular eukaryotic [[microorganisms]].		Ciliates are part of a group called [[Protozoa]], which means they are unicellular eukaryotic [[microorganisms]].
	There are around 3,500 species that have been described by scientists with the potential of thousands more to still be discovered. Ciliate species can have a wide range in not only size, but complexity. These species can measure anywhere from 10 µm to as large as 4 mm long and include some of the most morphologically advanced protozoans.		There are around 3,500 species that have been described by scientists with the potential of thousands more to still be discovered. Ciliate species can have a wide range in not only size, but complexity. These species can measure anywhere from 10 µm to as large as 4 mm long and include some of the most morphologically advanced [[protozoans]].

	Ciliates are easily recognized by their [[cilia]] or hair-like organelles which are structurally similar to [[flagella]]. These organelles can be found in most members of the group. Cilia are more numerous and generally shorter than flagella. and are variously used in swimming, eating, staying in place, and other general movement.		Ciliates are easily recognized by their [[cilia]] or hair-like organelles which are structurally similar to [[flagella]]. These organelles can be found in most members of the group. Cilia are more numerous and generally shorter than flagella. and are variously used in swimming, eating, staying in place, and other general movement.

	Ciliates are protists and love water. These organisms can be found almost anywhere there is water. Besides soil, Ciliates can be found in lakes, ponds, rivers, and even oceans.		Ciliates are protists and love water. These [[organisms]] can be found almost anywhere there is water. Besides [[soil]], Ciliates can be found in lakes, ponds, rivers, and even oceans.

	'''History'''		'''History'''
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	Ciliates are mostly heterotrophic, meaning they feed on smaller organisms. Food such as bacteria and algae, are swept into the”mouth” by the organism’s cilia. The food is moved by the cilia through the mouth pore into the gullet, which forms food vacuoles.		Ciliates are mostly heterotrophic, meaning they feed on smaller organisms. Food such as bacteria and algae, are swept into the”mouth” by the organism’s cilia. The food is moved by the cilia through the mouth pore into the gullet, which forms food vacuoles.
	Feeding techniques vary from species to species. Some ciliates are mouthless and feed by osmotrophy, while others are predatory and feed on other protozoa. There are also ciliates that parasitize animals.		Feeding techniques vary from species to species. Some ciliates are mouthless and feed by osmotrophy, while others are predatory and feed on other protozoa. There are also ciliates that parasitize [[animals]].


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	[1] Beaver, John, and Thomas Crisman. “Microbial Ecology.” Microbial Ecology, 2nd ed., vol. 17, Springer-Verlag, 1989, pp. 111–136. SpringerLink.		[1] Beaver, John, and Thomas Crisman. “Microbial [[Ecology]].” Microbial Ecology, 2nd ed., vol. 17, Springer-Verlag, 1989, pp. 111–136. SpringerLink.

	[2] Berthold, A., and M. Palzenberger. “Biology and Fertility of Soils.” Biology and Fertility of Soils, 4th ed., vol. 19, Springer-Verlag, 1995, pp. 348–356. SpringerLink.		[2] Berthold, A., and M. Palzenberger. “Biology and Fertility of Soils.” Biology and Fertility of Soils, 4th ed., vol. 19, Springer-Verlag, 1995, pp. 348–356. SpringerLink.
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	[5] Collins, Kyle. “Biology IV.” Biology IV Evolution & Zoology, kylecollinsbiology.weebly.com/biology-iv.html.		[5] Collins, Kyle. “Biology IV.” Biology IV Evolution & Zoology, kylecollinsbiology.weebly.com/biology-iv.html.

	[6] Ekelund, Flemming, and Reginn Ronn. “Notes on Protozoa in Agricultural Soil with Emphasis on Heterotrophic Flagellates and Naked Amoebae and Their Ecology.” FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol. 15, no. 4, Dec. 1994, pp. 321–353. Wiley Online Library.		[6] Ekelund, Flemming, and Reginn Ronn. “Notes on Protozoa in Agricultural Soil with Emphasis on Heterotrophic [[Flagellates]] and [[Naked Amoebae]] and Their Ecology.” FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol. 15, no. 4, Dec. 1994, pp. 321–353. Wiley Online Library.

	[7] Foissner, Wilhelm & Berger, Helmut. (1996). A user-friendly guide to the ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) commonly used by hydrobiologists as bioindicators in rivers, lakes, and waste waters, with notes on their ecology. Freshwater Biology. 35.		[7] Foissner, Wilhelm & Berger, Helmut. (1996). A user-friendly guide to the ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) commonly used by hydrobiologists as bioindicators in rivers, lakes, and waste waters, with notes on their ecology. Freshwater Biology. 35.