Chytridiomycota - Revision history

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	==[[Ecology]]==		==[[Ecology]]==
	Chytridiomycota are either [[saprobic]] or parasitic depending on their substrate, aquatic or terrestrial respectively.[1] The parasitic relationships formed by Chytrids are highlighted by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, also known as Bd, which is the causative agent of chytridiomycosis in amphibians. Chytridiomycosis results in malformed skin which inhibits respiration and increases mortality which has led to a global decline in amphibian populations. [2][3] Chytrids are also commonly parasitic to the roots of plants. They are important vectors of viruses in plants and algae, as they have been known to cause serious damage which can expose the host to opportunistic infections.[2][7] Chytrids have been found to play an important role in the gut of many mammals, forming a proportionally rare mutualistic relationship.[2][11]		Chytridiomycota are either [[saprobic]] or parasitic depending on their substrate, aquatic or terrestrial respectively.[1] The parasitic relationships formed by Chytrids are highlighted by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, also known as Bd, which is the causative agent of chytridiomycosis in amphibians. Chytridiomycosis results in malformed skin which inhibits respiration and increases mortality which has led to a global decline in amphibian populations. [2][3] Chytrids are also commonly parasitic to the roots of plants. They are important vectors of viruses in plants and [[algae]], as they have been known to cause serious damage which can expose the host to opportunistic infections.[2][7] Chytrids have been found to play an important role in the gut of many mammals, forming a proportionally rare mutualistic relationship.[2][11]

	===Role in Soil===		===Role in Soil===

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2023-05-10T18:04:07Z

The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles">https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles</a>).

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 10 May 2023
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	===Role in Soil===		===Role in Soil===
	Aquatic Chytrid species are saprobic, serving as decomposers in their environments. Terrestrial Chytrids are primarily thought to be obligate parasites in hosts of vascular plants, or more rarely, algae.[7] Due to the aquatic nature of the majority of Chytrids, the phylum has traditionally been considered to play little role in [[soil]] processes. There is increasing evidence that in periglacial soils chytrid fungi can make up 70% of fungal [[diversity]] and 30% of eukaryotic diversity; though this has shown to only be true in unvegetated areas at high altitudes. Chytrids in these high elevation areas make up the majority of decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chain, further relying upon snowmelt for dispersal and proliferation.[5]		Aquatic Chytrid species are saprobic, serving as [[decomposers]] in their environments. Terrestrial Chytrids are primarily thought to be obligate parasites in hosts of vascular plants, or more rarely, algae.[7] Due to the aquatic nature of the majority of Chytrids, the phylum has traditionally been considered to play little role in [[soil]] processes. There is increasing evidence that in periglacial soils chytrid fungi can make up 70% of fungal [[diversity]] and 30% of eukaryotic diversity; though this has shown to only be true in unvegetated areas at high altitudes. Chytrids in these high elevation areas make up the majority of decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chain, further relying upon snowmelt for dispersal and proliferation.[5]

	===Chytridiomycosis===		===Chytridiomycosis===

Showard8 at 02:31, 13 March 2023

2023-03-13T02:31:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:31, 12 March 2023
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	==Characteristics==		==Characteristics==
	Chytridiomycota reside in a wide range of aquatic habitats, however, a few species are considered to be terrestrial.[1] Like all fungi, Chytridiomycota contain cell walls made of chitin, however, the hyphochytrid subgroup represents the common exception as their cell walls utilize cellulose.[1][6] Chytrids can further be delineated by their cellularity, with most being unicellular while a select few can be considered multicellular due their production of hyphae.[1] Though technically hyphae, the chytrid’s structures do not contain the typical ~~cells~~ divisions created by internal walls called septa (singular septum), which allow for the transfer of organelles across membranes. The most prominent morphological trait of adult Chytridiomycota is the sac-like structure of the sporangia; in which internal divisions of the protoplasm result in zoospore production. Fungi within the phylum display an additional defining characteristic unseen in all other known fungi of any life stage, a flagellum which is used by their zoospores.[1][3][7]		Chytridiomycota reside in a wide range of aquatic habitats, however, a few species are considered to be terrestrial.[1] Like all fungi, Chytridiomycota contain cell walls made of chitin, however, the hyphochytrid subgroup represents the common exception as their cell walls utilize cellulose.[1][6] Chytrids can further be delineated by their cellularity, with most being unicellular while a select few can be considered multicellular due to their production of hyphae.[1] Though technically hyphae, the chytrid’s structures do not contain the typical cell divisions created by internal walls called septa (singular septum), which allow for the transfer of organelles across membranes. The most prominent morphological trait of adult Chytridiomycota is the sac-like structure of the sporangia; in which internal divisions of the protoplasm result in zoospore production. Fungi within the phylum display an additional defining characteristic unseen in all other known fungi of any life stage, a flagellum which is used by their zoospores.[1][3][7]


	==Life cycle==		==Life cycle==
	Chytridiomycota reproduction is generally asexual, though notable exceptions occur between species and their relative ecological niches. Asexual reproduction takes the form of mitotic divisions and the subsequent production of their motile, water dependent zoospore. Sexual reproduction utilizes pheromone signaling to attract variably sized and colored gametes for conjugation. Further chytrid development relies upon the occupation of their desired environmental niche, upon which the individual will encyst and begin creating its cell wall. Development after the process of encysting is dependent upon the individual species, however, a few generalizations can be made. Growth will stimulate the formation of a thallus (the nondifferentiated cell and its wall) and either the hyphae-like anchoring appendage called a rhizoid or permeable true hyphae.[10] Parasitic Chytridiomycota will produce and contain microsporidia, despite the loss of their zoospore stage. [8][10]		Chytridiomycota reproduction is generally asexual, though notable exceptions occur between species and their relative ecological niches. Asexual reproduction takes the form of mitotic divisions and the subsequent production of their motile, water-dependent zoospore. Sexual reproduction utilizes pheromone signaling to attract variably sized and colored gametes for conjugation. Further chytrid development relies upon the occupation of their desired environmental niche, upon which the individual will encyst and begin creating its cell wall. Development after the process of encysting is dependent upon the individual species, however, a few generalizations can be made. Growth will stimulate the formation of a thallus (the nondifferentiated cell and its wall) and either the hyphae-like anchoring appendage called a rhizoid or permeable true hyphae.[10] Parasitic Chytridiomycota will produce and contain microsporidia, despite the loss of their zoospore stage. [8][10]

	==[[Ecology]]==		==[[Ecology]]==
	Chytridiomycota are either [[saprobic]] or parasitic depending on their substrate, aquatic or terrestrial respectively .[1] The parasitic relationships formed by Chytrids is highlighted by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, also known as Bd, which is the causative agent of chytridiomycosis in amphibians. Chytridiomycosis results in malformed skin which inhibits respiration and increases mortality which has led to a global decline in amphibian populations. [2][3] Chytrids are also commonly parasitic to the roots of plants. They are important vectors of viruses in plants and algae, as they have been known to cause serious damage which can expose the host to opportunistic infections.[2][7] Chytrids have been found to play an important role in the gut of many mammals, forming a proportionally rare mutualistic relationship.[2][11]		Chytridiomycota are either [[saprobic]] or parasitic depending on their substrate, aquatic or terrestrial respectively.[1] The parasitic relationships formed by Chytrids are highlighted by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, also known as Bd, which is the causative agent of chytridiomycosis in amphibians. Chytridiomycosis results in malformed skin which inhibits respiration and increases mortality which has led to a global decline in amphibian populations. [2][3] Chytrids are also commonly parasitic to the roots of plants. They are important vectors of viruses in plants and algae, as they have been known to cause serious damage which can expose the host to opportunistic infections.[2][7] Chytrids have been found to play an important role in the gut of many mammals, forming a proportionally rare mutualistic relationship.[2][11]

	===Role in Soil===		===Role in Soil===
	Aquatic Chytrid species are saprobic, serving as decomposers in their environments. Terrestrial Chytrids are primarily thought to be obligate parasites in hosts of vascular plants, or more rarely, algae.[7] Due to ~~their~~ aquatic nature of the majority of Chytrids, the phylum has traditionally been considered to play little role in [[soil]] processes. There is increasing evidence that in periglacial soils chytrid fungi can make up 70% of fungal [[diversity]] and 30% of eukaryotic diversity; though this has shown to only be true in unvegetated areas at high altitudes. Chytrids in these high elevation areas make up the majority of decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chain, further relying upon snowmelt for dispersal and proliferation.[5]		Aquatic Chytrid species are saprobic, serving as decomposers in their environments. Terrestrial Chytrids are primarily thought to be obligate parasites in hosts of vascular plants, or more rarely, algae.[7] Due to the aquatic nature of the majority of Chytrids, the phylum has traditionally been considered to play little role in [[soil]] processes. There is increasing evidence that in periglacial soils chytrid fungi can make up 70% of fungal [[diversity]] and 30% of eukaryotic diversity; though this has shown to only be true in unvegetated areas at high altitudes. Chytrids in these high elevation areas make up the majority of decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chain, further relying upon snowmelt for dispersal and proliferation.[5]

	===Chytridiomycosis===		===Chytridiomycosis===

Jmcruz3 at 19:59, 10 March 2023

2023-03-10T19:59:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 10 March 2023
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	'''Chytridiomycota''' is a phylum of zoosporic [[organisms]] within the kingdom [~~[fungi~~]~~], they are also known as~~ Chytrids~~. The first recognizable Chytrids appeared~~ in the late Precambrian period, over 500 MYA.[1]~~[11] They~~ were first recorded in 1886 ~~and were described~~ as ~~a simple vestical like structure~~ which ~~penetrates its host with a~~ root-like ~~appendage. They are thought~~ to ~~be the oldest and most basal group of [[fungi]]~~.[6] There is considerable variation in ~~morphology~~ and ~~[[ecology]] within~~ the phylum~~. There are~~ approximately 1000 described species.[7]		'''Chytridiomycota''' commonly referred to as Chytrid(s), is a phylum of zoosporic [[organisms]] within the fungi kingdom. Thought to be the oldest and most basal group of fungi,[6] Chytrids can be identified in substrate from the late Precambrian period over 500 MYA.[1] Though among the most ancient known fungi, Chytrids were first recorded in 1886 as vesicular structures which use prominent root-like appendages to anchor onto their desired substrate.[11] There is considerable variation in the morphological and ecological make-up of the phylum; this is exemplified by the approximately 1000 combined described species which inhabit both marine and, to a lesser extent, terrestrial substrates.[7]

	[[File:Spizellomyces palustris monocentric eucarpic.jpg \|frame\|50ppx\|right\|Spizellomyces palustris, a monocentric, eucarpic chytrid. From Chen, et al. (2000).]]		[[File:Spizellomyces palustris monocentric eucarpic.jpg \|frame\|50ppx\|right\|Spizellomyces palustris, a monocentric, eucarpic chytrid. From Chen, et al. (2000).]]

	==Taxonomy==		==Taxonomy==
	~~This Phylum is~~ one of the five true ~~phyla~~ of [~~[Fungi~~]~~], they~~ are the simplest of the true [[fungi~~]]. [1] The~~ phylum ~~contains only one class, Chytridiomycetes.[1][6] Within that class are~~ five ~~different~~ orders ~~Blastocladiales~~, Chytridialis, Monoblepharidales, Neocallimastigales, and ~~Spizellomycetales~~.[6]		Chytridiomycota, one of the five total phyla of true fungi, make up the entirety of their own phylum.[1] Though Chytrids are the simplest of the true fungi, the phylum resolves into five distinct orders which include the Blastocladiles, Chytridialis, Monoblepharidales, Neocallimastigales, and Spizellomy
			cetales.[6]
	~~<!--is there a way you could include a graph or chart of the taxonomy to visualize it a bit more?-->~~

	==Characteristics==		==Characteristics==
	~~Chytrids are primarily~~ aquatic ~~but there are~~ species ~~that~~ are considered terrestrial.[1] Most Chytrids are unicellular but certain species form multicellular organisms or [[hyphae]].[1] When [[hyphae]] are formed there are no septa between cells. Species are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction. A defining characteristic of Chytrid fungi is their gamete cells have a flagellum, they are the only fungi known to have this in any life stage.[1][3][7] Like all fungi, ~~their~~ cell walls ~~contain~~ chitin, ~~but one unique group contains both~~ cellulose ~~and chitin~~.[1][6] ~~The sporangia is one~~ of the most prominent morphological ~~traits~~ of adult Chytridiomycota~~. The sporangia~~ is a sac-like structure in which internal divisions of the protoplasm result in the ~~production~~ of zoospores.[7]		Chytridiomycota reside in a wide range of aquatic habitats, however, a few species are considered to be terrestrial.[1] Like all fungi, Chytridiomycota contain cell walls made of chitin, however, the hyphochytrid subgroup represents the common exception as their cell walls utilize cellulose.[1][6] Chytrids can further be delineated by their cellularity, with most being unicellular while a select few can be considered multicellular due their production of hyphae.[1] Though technically hyphae, the chytrid’s structures do not contain the typical cells divisions created by internal walls called septa (singular septum), which allow for the transfer of organelles across membranes. The most prominent morphological trait of adult Chytridiomycota is the sac-like structure of the sporangia; in which internal divisions of the protoplasm result in zoospore production. Fungi within the phylum display an additional defining characteristic unseen in all other known fungi of any life stage, a flagellum which is used by their zoospores.[1][3][7]

	~~<!--consider defining septa-->~~
	~~<!--you could expand on this section and define the significance of chitin and maybe go into more depth-->~~

	==Life cycle==		==Life cycle==
	~~The life cycle varies considerably between species and their ecology. Reproduction~~ is generally asexual, ~~but there are~~ exceptions. ~~Reproduction occurs through mitosis resulting in~~ the production of ~~one more zoospore. The zoospore is~~ motile ~~and requires~~ water ~~in this stage for survival and dispersal~~.~~[6]~~ Sexual reproduction ~~involves motile gametes of opposite sexes with different sizes and colorations that~~ attract and ~~swim towards each other through pheromone signaling~~. ~~Once an appropriate~~ niche ~~is found~~ the ~~Chytrid~~ will encyst, creating ~~a fungal~~ cell wall. ~~The chytrid life cycle includes~~ a thallus ~~with a~~ cell wall and ~~hyphal~~-like ~~feeding structure known as~~ a rhizoid~~. Some species are capable of developing~~ true [[hyphae]].[10]		Chytridiomycota reproduction is generally asexual, though notable exceptions occur between species and their relative ecological niches. Asexual reproduction takes the form of mitotic divisions and the subsequent production of their motile, water dependent zoospore. Sexual reproduction utilizes pheromone signaling to attract variably sized and colored gametes for conjugation. Further chytrid development relies upon the occupation of their desired environmental niche, upon which the individual will encyst and begin creating its cell wall. Development after the process of encysting is dependent upon the individual species, however, a few generalizations can be made. Growth will stimulate the formation of a thallus (the nondifferentiated cell and its wall) and either the hyphae-like anchoring appendage called a rhizoid or permeable true hyphae.[10] Parasitic Chytridiomycota will produce and contain microsporidia, despite the loss of their zoospore stage. [8][10]
	~~Microsporidia is contained within~~ Chytridiomycota, despite the loss of their zoospore stage~~, as a result of phylogenetic analysis~~.[8][10]

	==Ecology==		==[[Ecology]]==
	~~Some~~ Chytridiomycota are [[saprobic]] ~~and others are~~ parasitic, ~~famously to amphibians~~.[1] ~~Many of the most well-studied chytrids are~~ parasitic~~. This became especially true after~~ Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis~~'' was found to be~~ the causative agent of chytridiomycosis in amphibians. ~~This disease~~ has led to a global decline in amphibian populations. [2][3] Chytrids are also commonly parasitic to the [[roots]] of plants. They are important vectors of viruses in plants as they have been known to cause serious damage ~~to roots opening~~ the ~~plant up~~ to opportunistic infections.[2][7] ~~They are also a know algal parasite, an interaction that has been studied relatively little.[6]~~		Chytridiomycota are either [[saprobic]] or parasitic depending on their substrate, aquatic or terrestrial respectively .[1] The parasitic relationships formed by Chytrids is highlighted by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, also known as Bd, which is the causative agent of chytridiomycosis in amphibians. Chytridiomycosis results in malformed skin which inhibits respiration and increases mortality which has led to a global decline in amphibian populations. [2][3] Chytrids are also commonly parasitic to the roots of plants. They are important vectors of viruses in plants and algae, as they have been known to cause serious damage which can expose the host to opportunistic infections.[2][7] Chytrids have been found to play an important role in the gut of many mammals, forming a proportionally rare mutualistic relationship.[2][11]
	Chytrids have been found to play an important role in the gut of many mammals, forming a ~~[[mutualism]]~~.[2][11]

	===Role in Soil===		===Role in Soil===
	Chytrid species are ~~often [[~~saprobic]], serving as [[decomposers]] in their environments. ~~In most terrestrial environments,~~ Chytrids are thought to be ~~primarily~~ obligate [[parasites]] in ~~a host~~ of vascular plants.[7] Due to their aquatic nature Chytrids ~~have~~ traditionally been considered to play little role in [[soil]] processes. There is increasing evidence that in [[periglacial]] soils chytrid fungi make up 70% of fungal [[diversity]] and 30% of eukaryotic diversity ~~at high elevations. This is~~ only true in areas ~~unvegetated and~~ at high altitudes. Chytrids, in these areas~~, rely on snowmelt for dispersal. They~~ make up the ~~main~~ decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial [[food ~~chains]] that exist in the highest altitudes~~.[5]		Aquatic Chytrid species are saprobic, serving as decomposers in their environments. Terrestrial Chytrids are primarily thought to be obligate parasites in hosts of vascular plants, or more rarely, algae.[7] Due to their aquatic nature of the majority of Chytrids, the phylum has traditionally been considered to play little role in [[soil]] processes. There is increasing evidence that in periglacial soils chytrid fungi can make up 70% of fungal [[diversity]] and 30% of eukaryotic diversity; though this has shown to only be true in unvegetated areas at high altitudes. Chytrids in these high elevation areas make up the majority of decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chain, further relying upon snowmelt for dispersal and proliferation.[5]

	===Chytridiomycosis===		===Chytridiomycosis===
	Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis'' was previously the only known instance of chytrid fungi ~~being paracytic to~~ vertebrates.[7] Currently, there are four strains of Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis'', with one being globally distributed. The East Asian strain was found to share the most genetic diversity with the global strain suggesting this as the origin of the parasite. Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis~~'' was later found to be endemic in the area further supporting this theory.[4]~~		Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) was previously the only known instance of parasitic chytrid fungi within vertebrates.[7]. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is known to infect over 350 species of amphibians, though frogs appear to be among the most severely impacted. Chytridiomycosis occurs when Zoospores infect the keratin layer of the skin, resulting in excessive skin shedding. The earliest symptoms are anorexia and lethargy, though prolonged Infection may eventually lead to secondary infections and result in death of the host.[9]

	~~Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis''~~ is known to infect over 350 species of amphibians, though frogs ~~seem~~ to be most severely impacted. Zoospores infect the keratin layer of the skin, resulting in excessive skin shedding. The earliest symptoms are anorexia and lethargy. Infection may eventually lead to ~~death or~~ secondary infections~~. Treatment~~ of ~~wild frogs is currently impossible~~. [9]

	==References==		==References==

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2021-04-29T17:03:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:03, 29 April 2021
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	'''Chytridiomycota''' is a phylum of zoosporic organisms within the kingdom [[fungi]], they are also known as Chytrids. The first recognizable Chytrids appeared in the late Precambrian period, over 500 MYA.[1][11] They were first recorded in 1886 and were described as a simple vestical like structure which penetrates its host with a root-like appendage. They are thought to be the oldest and most basal group of [[fungi]].[6] There is considerable variation in morphology and ecology within the phylum. There are approximately 1000 described species.[7]		'''Chytridiomycota''' is a phylum of zoosporic [[organisms]] within the kingdom [[fungi]], they are also known as Chytrids. The first recognizable Chytrids appeared in the late Precambrian period, over 500 MYA.[1][11] They were first recorded in 1886 and were described as a simple vestical like structure which penetrates its host with a root-like appendage. They are thought to be the oldest and most basal group of [[fungi]].[6] There is considerable variation in morphology and [[ecology]] within the phylum. There are approximately 1000 described species.[7]

	[[File:Spizellomyces palustris monocentric eucarpic.jpg \|frame\|50ppx\|right\|Spizellomyces palustris, a monocentric, eucarpic chytrid. From Chen, et al. (2000).]]		[[File:Spizellomyces palustris monocentric eucarpic.jpg \|frame\|50ppx\|right\|Spizellomyces palustris, a monocentric, eucarpic chytrid. From Chen, et al. (2000).]]
Line 23:		Line 23:

	===Role in Soil===		===Role in Soil===
	Chytrid species are often [[saprobic]], serving as [[decomposers]] in their environments. In most terrestrial environments, Chytrids are thought to be primarily obligate [[parasites]] in a host of vascular plants.[7] Due to their aquatic nature Chytrids have traditionally been considered to play little role in soil processes. There is increasing evidence that in [[periglacial]] soils chytrid fungi make up 70% of fungal diversity and 30% of eukaryotic diversity at high elevations. This is only true in areas unvegetated and at high altitudes. Chytrids, in these areas, rely on snowmelt for dispersal. They make up the main decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chains that exist in the highest altitudes.[5]		Chytrid species are often [[saprobic]], serving as [[decomposers]] in their environments. In most terrestrial environments, Chytrids are thought to be primarily obligate [[parasites]] in a host of vascular plants.[7] Due to their aquatic nature Chytrids have traditionally been considered to play little role in [[soil]] processes. There is increasing evidence that in [[periglacial]] soils chytrid fungi make up 70% of fungal [[diversity]] and 30% of eukaryotic diversity at high elevations. This is only true in areas unvegetated and at high altitudes. Chytrids, in these areas, rely on snowmelt for dispersal. They make up the main decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial [[food chains]] that exist in the highest altitudes.[5]

	===Chytridiomycosis===		===Chytridiomycosis===

Eavolker at 14:45, 19 April 2021

2021-04-19T14:45:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:45, 19 April 2021
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	==Taxonomy==		==Taxonomy==
	This Phylum is one of the five true phyla of [[Fungi]], they are the simplest of the true [[fungi]]. [1] The phylum contains only one class, Chytridiomycetes.[1][6] Within that class are five different orders Blastocladiales, Chytridialis, Monoblepharidales, Neocallimastigales, and Spizellomycetales.[6]		This Phylum is one of the five true phyla of [[Fungi]], they are the simplest of the true [[fungi]]. [1] The phylum contains only one class, Chytridiomycetes.[1][6] Within that class are five different orders Blastocladiales, Chytridialis, Monoblepharidales, Neocallimastigales, and Spizellomycetales.[6]

			<!--is there a way you could include a graph or chart of the taxonomy to visualize it a bit more?-->

	==Characteristics==		==Characteristics==
	Chytrids are primarily aquatic but there are species that are considered terrestrial.[1] Most Chytrids are unicellular but certain species form multicellular organisms or [[hyphae]].[1] When [[hyphae]] are formed there are no septa between cells. Species are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction. A defining characteristic of Chytrid fungi is their gamete cells have a flagellum, they are the only fungi known to have this in any life stage.[1][3][7] Like all fungi, their cell walls contain chitin, but one unique group contains both cellulose and chitin.[1][6] The sporangia is one of the most prominent morphological traits of adult Chytridiomycota. The sporangia is a sac-like structure in which internal divisions of the protoplasm result in the production of zoospores.[7]		Chytrids are primarily aquatic but there are species that are considered terrestrial.[1] Most Chytrids are unicellular but certain species form multicellular organisms or [[hyphae]].[1] When [[hyphae]] are formed there are no septa between cells. Species are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction. A defining characteristic of Chytrid fungi is their gamete cells have a flagellum, they are the only fungi known to have this in any life stage.[1][3][7] Like all fungi, their cell walls contain chitin, but one unique group contains both cellulose and chitin.[1][6] The sporangia is one of the most prominent morphological traits of adult Chytridiomycota. The sporangia is a sac-like structure in which internal divisions of the protoplasm result in the production of zoospores.[7]

			<!--consider defining septa-->
			<!--you could expand on this section and define the significance of chitin and maybe go into more depth-->

	==Life cycle==		==Life cycle==

Teresato: /* Chytridiomycosis */

2021-04-16T17:13:34Z

Chytridiomycosis

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:13, 16 April 2021
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	===Chytridiomycosis===		===Chytridiomycosis===
	Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis'' was previously the only known instance of chytrid fungi being paracytic to vertebrates.[7] Currently, there are four strains of Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis'' with one being globally distributed. The East Asian strain was found to share the most genetic diversity with the global strain suggesting this as the origin of the parasite. Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis'' was later found to be endemic in the area further supporting this theory.[4]		Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis'' was previously the only known instance of chytrid fungi being paracytic to vertebrates.[7] Currently, there are four strains of Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis'', with one being globally distributed. The East Asian strain was found to share the most genetic diversity with the global strain suggesting this as the origin of the parasite. Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis'' was later found to be endemic in the area further supporting this theory.[4]

	~~Known~~ to infect over 350 species of amphibians, though frogs seem to be most severely impacted. Zoospores infect the keratin layer of the skin, resulting in excessive skin shedding. The earliest symptoms are anorexia and lethargy. Infection may eventually lead to death or secondary infections. Treatment of wild frogs is currently impossible. [9]		Batrachochytrium ''dendrobatidis'' is known to infect over 350 species of amphibians, though frogs seem to be most severely impacted. Zoospores infect the keratin layer of the skin, resulting in excessive skin shedding. The earliest symptoms are anorexia and lethargy. Infection may eventually lead to death or secondary infections. Treatment of wild frogs is currently impossible. [9]

	==References==		==References==

Teresato: /* Role in Soil */

2021-04-16T17:12:21Z

Role in Soil

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:12, 16 April 2021
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	===Role in Soil===		===Role in Soil===
	Chytrid species are often [[saprobic]], serving as [[decomposers]] in their environments. In most terrestrial environments, Chytrids are thought to be primarily obligate [[parasites]] in a host of vascular plants.[7] Due to their aquatic nature Chytrids have traditionally been considered to play little role in soil processes. There is increasing evidence that in [[periglacial]] soils chytrid fungi make up 70% fungal diversity and 30% of eukaryotic diversity at high elevations. This is only true in areas unvegetated and at high altitudes. Chytrids in these areas rely on snowmelt for dispersal. They make up the main decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chains that exist in the highest altitudes.[5]		Chytrid species are often [[saprobic]], serving as [[decomposers]] in their environments. In most terrestrial environments, Chytrids are thought to be primarily obligate [[parasites]] in a host of vascular plants.[7] Due to their aquatic nature Chytrids have traditionally been considered to play little role in soil processes. There is increasing evidence that in [[periglacial]] soils chytrid fungi make up 70% of fungal diversity and 30% of eukaryotic diversity at high elevations. This is only true in areas unvegetated and at high altitudes. Chytrids, in these areas, rely on snowmelt for dispersal. They make up the main decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chains that exist in the highest altitudes.[5]

	===Chytridiomycosis===		===Chytridiomycosis===

Teresato: /* Roll in Soil */

2021-04-16T17:11:00Z

Roll in Soil

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 16 April 2021
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	Chytrids have been found to play an important role in the gut of many mammals, forming a [[mutualism]].[2][11]		Chytrids have been found to play an important role in the gut of many mammals, forming a [[mutualism]].[2][11]

	===~~Roll~~ in Soil===		===Role in Soil===
	Chytrid species are often [[saprobic]], serving as [[decomposers]] in their environments. In most terrestrial environments, Chytrids are thought to be primarily obligate [[parasites]] in a host of vascular plants.[7] Due to their aquatic nature Chytrids have traditionally been considered to play little role in soil processes. There is increasing evidence that in [[periglacial]] soils chytrid fungi make up 70% fungal diversity and 30% of eukaryotic diversity at high elevations. This is only true in areas unvegetated and at high altitudes. Chytrids in these areas rely on snowmelt for dispersal. They make up the main decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chains that exist in the highest altitudes.[5]		Chytrid species are often [[saprobic]], serving as [[decomposers]] in their environments. In most terrestrial environments, Chytrids are thought to be primarily obligate [[parasites]] in a host of vascular plants.[7] Due to their aquatic nature Chytrids have traditionally been considered to play little role in soil processes. There is increasing evidence that in [[periglacial]] soils chytrid fungi make up 70% fungal diversity and 30% of eukaryotic diversity at high elevations. This is only true in areas unvegetated and at high altitudes. Chytrids in these areas rely on snowmelt for dispersal. They make up the main decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chains that exist in the highest altitudes.[5]

Teresato: /* Roll in Soil */

2021-04-16T17:09:48Z

Roll in Soil

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:09, 16 April 2021
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	===Roll in Soil===		===Roll in Soil===
	Chytrid species are often [[saprobic]], serving as [[decomposers]] in their environments. In most terrestrial environments Chytrids are thought to be primarily obligate [[parasites]] in a host of vascular plants.[7] Due to their aquatic nature Chytrids have traditionally been considered to play little role in soil processes. There is increasing evidence that in [[periglacial]] soils chytrid fungi make up 70% fungal diversity and 30% of eukaryotic diversity at high elevations. This is only true in areas unvegetated and at high altitudes. Chytrids in these areas rely on snowmelt for dispersal. They make up the main decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chains that exist in the highest altitudes.[5]		Chytrid species are often [[saprobic]], serving as [[decomposers]] in their environments. In most terrestrial environments, Chytrids are thought to be primarily obligate [[parasites]] in a host of vascular plants.[7] Due to their aquatic nature Chytrids have traditionally been considered to play little role in soil processes. There is increasing evidence that in [[periglacial]] soils chytrid fungi make up 70% fungal diversity and 30% of eukaryotic diversity at high elevations. This is only true in areas unvegetated and at high altitudes. Chytrids in these areas rely on snowmelt for dispersal. They make up the main decomposers for the photosynthetic microbial food chains that exist in the highest altitudes.[5]

	===Chytridiomycosis===		===Chytridiomycosis===