Bythotrephes longimanus - Revision history

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2025-05-02T19:16:30Z

The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:16, 2 May 2025
Line 6:		Line 6:
	::: '''Infrakingdom:''' Protostomia		::: '''Infrakingdom:''' Protostomia
	:::: '''Superphylum:''' Ecdysozoa		:::: '''Superphylum:''' Ecdysozoa
	::::: '''Phylum:''' Arthropoda		::::: '''Phylum:''' [[Arthropoda]]
	:::::: '''Subphylum:''' Crustacea		:::::: '''Subphylum:''' Crustacea
	::::::: '''Class:''' Branchiopoda		::::::: '''Class:''' Branchiopoda

Njhenshu: The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

2025-05-01T18:44:29Z

The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles).

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 1 May 2025
Line 38:		Line 38:

	== Ecological Effects and Consequences ==		== Ecological Effects and Consequences ==
	The most important types of zooplankton are known by the genus name Daphnia[4]. The Daphnia genus makes up approximately 100 freshwater species, and these very small organisms are very essential and important when it comes to overall lake health[4]. Some of the critical ecological contributions that Daphnia provide include serving as a big food source for fish, and consuming floating algae[4]. They graze and consume on the surface algae through their constant leg movement, which creates very tiny currents which cause the algae to be moved across the surface of the water, pulling itself into the Daphnia's tiny maws[4]. Through their grazing and consumption of surface algae, they are capable of maintaining healthy, non-excessive levels of algae in the lake water body, which in turn means Daphnia is helping to keep the water body ecosystem healthy and balanced[4].		The most important types of zooplankton are known by the genus name Daphnia[4]. The Daphnia genus makes up approximately 100 freshwater species, and these very small organisms are very essential and important when it comes to overall lake health[4]. Some of the critical ecological contributions that Daphnia provide include serving as a big food source for fish, and consuming floating [[algae]][4]. They graze and consume on the surface algae through their constant leg movement, which creates very tiny currents which cause the algae to be moved across the surface of the water, pulling itself into the Daphnia's tiny maws[4]. Through their grazing and consumption of surface algae, they are capable of maintaining healthy, non-excessive levels of algae in the lake water body, which in turn means Daphnia is helping to keep the water body ecosystem healthy and balanced[4].

	However, due to the spiny waterflea, (their strong and invasive predator), the population densities of these essential Daphnia zooplankton have been greatly declined and destroyed[4]. This destruction caused by the invasive spiny water flea species is making the overall Daphnia population decrease in Lake Superior, in addition to almost every other water body within the region and vicinity of the Great Lakes[4]. Additionally, recent studies have discovered that in various lake water bodies located in Minnesota, the overall populations of native plankton have decreased by up to 60% due to the spiny waterflea[4]. This significant amount of decline of plankton has also led to impacts of other aquatic species, such as yellow perch, walleye, and other native game fish species[4]. Fish species that reside in lakes heavily invaded and impacted by the spiny waterflea have a tendency to grow and develop at a slower rate throughout the first year of their lives especially because young fish eat plankton, and this also makes them more susceptible to being consumed by predators[4]. Fish cannot simply just eat spiny water flea plankton because the presence of its long, barbed and spiny tail easily gets stuck the fishs' throats[4].		However, due to the spiny waterflea, (their strong and invasive predator), the population densities of these essential Daphnia zooplankton have been greatly declined and destroyed[4]. This destruction caused by the invasive spiny water flea species is making the overall Daphnia population decrease in Lake Superior, in addition to almost every other water body within the region and vicinity of the Great Lakes[4]. Additionally, recent studies have discovered that in various lake water bodies located in Minnesota, the overall populations of native plankton have decreased by up to 60% due to the spiny waterflea[4]. This significant amount of decline of plankton has also led to impacts of other aquatic species, such as yellow perch, walleye, and other native game fish species[4]. Fish species that reside in lakes heavily invaded and impacted by the spiny waterflea have a tendency to grow and develop at a slower rate throughout the first year of their lives especially because young fish eat plankton, and this also makes them more susceptible to being consumed by predators[4]. Fish cannot simply just eat spiny water flea plankton because the presence of its long, barbed and spiny tail easily gets stuck the fishs' throats[4].

Saigemat: /* Habitats and Range */

2022-05-05T03:15:47Z

Habitats and Range

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:15, 4 May 2022
Line 26:		Line 26:
	Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) originated across regions of Northern Europe and Asia[3]. Native to Lake Ladoga, near the Baltic Sea in Russia, these microscopic organisms can be found among the zooplankton within bodies of freshwater [4].		Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) originated across regions of Northern Europe and Asia[3]. Native to Lake Ladoga, near the Baltic Sea in Russia, these microscopic organisms can be found among the zooplankton within bodies of freshwater [4].

	This microscopic organism was accidently introduced into the United States through the discharging of contaminated cargo ballast water, leading to some of the first discoveries of spiny water fleas within Lake Ontario during the year 1982[3]. By 1987, they were found to have spread out beyond Lake Ontario into Lake Superior, ~~and~~ eventually throughout the entire Great Lakes basin[3]. They are frequently found on fishing line in clusters that looks like gelatin with a wet cotton-type of texture[3].		This microscopic organism was accidently introduced into the United States through the discharging of contaminated cargo ballast water, leading to some of the first discoveries of spiny water fleas within Lake Ontario during the year 1982[3]. By 1987, they were found to have spread out beyond Lake Ontario into Lake Superior, eventually becoming widespread throughout the entire Great Lakes basin[3]. They are frequently found on fishing line in clusters that looks like gelatin with a wet cotton-type of texture[3].

	== Environmental/Biological Conditions ==		== Environmental/Biological Conditions ==

Saigemat: /* Habitats and Range */

2022-05-05T03:14:57Z

Habitats and Range

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:14, 4 May 2022
Line 26:		Line 26:
	Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) originated across regions of Northern Europe and Asia[3]. Native to Lake Ladoga, near the Baltic Sea in Russia, these microscopic organisms can be found among the zooplankton within bodies of freshwater [4].		Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) originated across regions of Northern Europe and Asia[3]. Native to Lake Ladoga, near the Baltic Sea in Russia, these microscopic organisms can be found among the zooplankton within bodies of freshwater [4].

	~~Even though this species did not originally live in North America, it accidentally became~~ introduced into the United States through ~~the Great Lakes by~~ the discharging of cargo ballast water ~~which was found to be contaminated~~, leading to some of the first discoveries of spiny water fleas ~~found in~~ Lake Ontario in the year 1982[3]. By 1987, they were found to have spread out beyond Lake Ontario into Lake Superior[3]. They are frequently found on fishing line in clusters that looks like gelatin with a wet cotton-type of texture[3].		This microscopic organism was accidently introduced into the United States through the discharging of contaminated cargo ballast water, leading to some of the first discoveries of spiny water fleas within Lake Ontario during the year 1982[3]. By 1987, they were found to have spread out beyond Lake Ontario into Lake Superior, and eventually throughout the entire Great Lakes basin[3]. They are frequently found on fishing line in clusters that looks like gelatin with a wet cotton-type of texture[3].

	== Environmental/Biological Conditions ==		== Environmental/Biological Conditions ==

Saigemat: /* Appearance-Defining Characteristics */

2022-05-05T03:11:21Z

Appearance-Defining Characteristics

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:11, 4 May 2022
Line 21:		Line 21:
	[[File:EVS463--SoilEcologyWikiSpinyWaterFlea.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Bythotrephes longimanus zoomed in under microscope.]]		[[File:EVS463--SoilEcologyWikiSpinyWaterFlea.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Bythotrephes longimanus zoomed in under microscope.]]

	Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) are extremely small, growing between 0.25 - 0.6 inches long at maturity. These organisms are classified as zooplankton, appearing opaque in color. In regard to their size, spiny water fleas have large and powerful mandibles used to consume their prey[4]. They are primarily identified, though, by their long and spiny tail which accounts for about 70% of its total length[4]. Adult spiny water fleas will averagely have 4 pairs of barbs along their tails, while juveniles only have one pair. These barbs, or spikes, are utilized as defense against predators. The spiny water flea has one large eyespot, either black or red in coloration.		Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) are extremely small, growing between 0.25 - 0.6 inches long at maturity. The females typically grow larger than the males, however. These organisms are classified as zooplankton, appearing opaque in color. In regard to their size, spiny water fleas have large and powerful mandibles used to consume their prey[4]. They are primarily identified, though, by their long and spiny tail which accounts for about 70% of its total length[4]. Adult spiny water fleas will averagely have 4 pairs of barbs along their tails, while juveniles only have one pair. These barbs, or spikes, are utilized as defense against predators. The spiny water flea has one large eyespot, either black or red in coloration.

	== Habitats and Range ==		== Habitats and Range ==

Saigemat: /* Appearance-Defining Characteristics */

2022-05-05T03:02:27Z

Appearance-Defining Characteristics

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:02, 4 May 2022
Line 21:		Line 21:
	[[File:EVS463--SoilEcologyWikiSpinyWaterFlea.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Bythotrephes longimanus zoomed in under microscope.]]		[[File:EVS463--SoilEcologyWikiSpinyWaterFlea.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Bythotrephes longimanus zoomed in under microscope.]]

	Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) are extremely small, growing between 0.25 - 0.6 inches long at maturity. These organisms are classified as zooplankton, appearing opaque in color. In regard to their size, spiny water fleas have large and powerful mandibles used to consume their prey[4]. They are primarily identified, though, by their long and spiny tail which accounts for about 70% of its total length[4]. Adult spiny water fleas will averagely have 4 pairs of barbs along their tails, while juveniles only have one pair. These barbs, or spikes, are utilized as defense against predators. The spiny water flea has one large eyespot, either black or red in coloration.		Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) are extremely small, growing between 0.25 - 0.6 inches long at maturity. These organisms are classified as zooplankton, appearing opaque in color. In regard to their size, spiny water fleas have large and powerful mandibles used to consume their prey[4]. They are primarily identified, though, by their long and spiny tail which accounts for about 70% of its total length[4]. Adult spiny water fleas will averagely have 4 pairs of barbs along their tails, while juveniles only have one pair. These barbs, or spikes, are utilized as defense against predators. The spiny water flea has one large eyespot, either black or red in coloration.

	== Habitats and Range ==		== Habitats and Range ==

Saigemat at 02:54, 5 May 2022

2022-05-05T02:54:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:54, 4 May 2022
Line 21:		Line 21:
	[[File:EVS463--SoilEcologyWikiSpinyWaterFlea.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Bythotrephes longimanus zoomed in under microscope.]]		[[File:EVS463--SoilEcologyWikiSpinyWaterFlea.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Bythotrephes longimanus zoomed in under microscope.]]

	Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) are extremely small, growing between 0.25 - 0.6 inches long at maturity. These organisms are classified as zooplankton ~~and are~~ opaque in color. In regard to their size, spiny water fleas have large and powerful mandibles[4]. ~~also with a very~~ long and spiny tail ~~accounting~~ for about 70% of its total length[4]. ~~Fully developed adult-sized~~ spiny water fleas ~~appearance- defining characteristics include an opaque color~~, one ~~long tail with 1 to 4 spines~~, ~~and 1~~ large black ~~eyespot[3]~~.		Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) are extremely small, growing between 0.25 - 0.6 inches long at maturity. These organisms are classified as zooplankton, appearing opaque in color. In regard to their size, spiny water fleas have large and powerful mandibles used to consume their prey[4]. They are primarily identified, though, by their long and spiny tail which accounts for about 70% of its total length[4]. Adult spiny water fleas will averagely have 4 pairs of barbs along their tails, while juveniles only have one pair. These barbs, or spikes, are utilized as defense against predators. The spiny water flea has one large eyespot, either black or red in coloration.

	== Habitats and Range ==		== Habitats and Range ==

Saigemat: /* Appearance-Defining Characteristics */

2022-05-05T02:44:59Z

Appearance-Defining Characteristics

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 4 May 2022
Line 21:		Line 21:
	[[File:EVS463--SoilEcologyWikiSpinyWaterFlea.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Bythotrephes longimanus zoomed in under microscope.]]		[[File:EVS463--SoilEcologyWikiSpinyWaterFlea.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Bythotrephes longimanus zoomed in under microscope.]]

	Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) are extremely small, and are ~~considered microscopic organisms~~, ~~otherwise known as zooplankton~~[4]. ~~They are~~ also ~~known for having large and powerful mandibles, and~~ a very long, spiny tail ~~which accounts~~ for about 70% of its total length[4]. Fully developed adult-sized spiny water fleas appearance- defining characteristics include an opaque color~~, between 1/4" and 5/8" in length~~, one long tail with 1 to 4 spines, and 1 large black eyespot[3].		Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterfleas) are extremely small, growing between 0.25 - 0.6 inches long at maturity. These organisms are classified as zooplankton and are opaque in color. In regard to their size, spiny water fleas have large and powerful mandibles[4]. also with a very long and spiny tail accounting for about 70% of its total length[4]. Fully developed adult-sized spiny water fleas appearance- defining characteristics include an opaque color, one long tail with 1 to 4 spines, and 1 large black eyespot[3].




	== Habitats and Range ==		== Habitats and Range ==

Saigemat at 02:34, 5 May 2022

2022-05-05T02:34:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:34, 4 May 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Bythotrephes longimanus, commonly referred to as the spiny water flea, are predatory planktonic crustaceans[1]. These microscopic[[organisms]] are native to Eurasia, and are considered invasive to the Great Lakes region of North America. Spiny water fleas are observed in abundance between the late-summer and fall months[2].		Bythotrephes longimanus, commonly referred to as the spiny water flea, are predatory planktonic crustaceans[1]. These microscopic [[organisms]] are native to Eurasia, and are considered invasive to the Great Lakes region of North America. Spiny water fleas are observed in abundance between the late-summer and fall months[2].

	== Taxonomic Classification ==		== Taxonomic Classification ==

Saigemat at 02:33, 5 May 2022

2022-05-05T02:33:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:33, 4 May 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~== Introduction~~
	Bythotrephes longimanus, commonly referred to as the spiny water flea, are predatory planktonic crustaceans[1]. These microscopic[[organisms]] are native to Eurasia, and are considered invasive to the Great Lakes region of North America. Spiny water fleas are observed in abundance between the late-summer and fall months[2].		Bythotrephes longimanus, commonly referred to as the spiny water flea, are predatory planktonic crustaceans[1]. These microscopic[[organisms]] are native to Eurasia, and are considered invasive to the Great Lakes region of North America. Spiny water fleas are observed in abundance between the late-summer and fall months[2].