Biodiversity interactions - Revision history

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	Soil biodiversity includes the living [[organisms]] and their interactions with each other, along with plants in the soil. Soil life varies with environment, from the other side of the world, the country, or even a tree. For example, a handful of soil from one spot on the forest floor may contain a very different selection of life from soil two feet away. This is because of variations in the availability of water or nutrients. [3] This immense variety serves as a cause for the many interactions, effects, and services that this ecosystem creates and contributes to. The benefits gained from this ecological environment affect not only the underground, but the surrounding terrestrial environment as well.		Soil biodiversity includes the living [[organisms]] and their interactions with each other, along with plants in the soil. Soil life varies with environment, from the other side of the world, the country, or even a tree. For example, a handful of soil from one spot on the forest floor may contain a very different selection of life from soil two feet away. This is because of variations in the availability of water or nutrients. [3] This immense variety serves as a cause for the many interactions, effects, and services that this ecosystem creates and contributes to. The benefits gained from this ecological environment affect not only the underground, but the surrounding terrestrial environment as well.
	Soil biodiversity is more extensive than any other environment on earth when all living forms are accounted for. The soil biota contains representations of all groups of [[microorganisms]], such as fungi, bacteria, algae, as well as the microfauna such as [[protozoa]] and nematodes. [12]		Soil biodiversity is more extensive than any other environment on earth when all living forms are accounted for. The soil biota contains representations of all groups of [[microorganisms]], such as fungi, bacteria, [[algae]], as well as the microfauna such as [[protozoa]] and nematodes. [12]
	[[File:soil_biodiversity.jpg\|frame\|[7]\|right]]		[[File:soil_biodiversity.jpg\|frame\|[7]\|right]]

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	**micro-fauna: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa protozoa] and [[nematodes]]		**micro-fauna: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa protozoa] and [[nematodes]]
	**meso-fauna: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acari acari], [[springtail\|springtails]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchytraeidae enchytraeids]		**meso-fauna: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acari acari], [[springtail\|springtails]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchytraeidae enchytraeids]
	**macrofauna: [[insects]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworm earthworms].		**[[macrofauna]]: [[insects]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworm earthworms].
	**The bacteria, fungi, and microbial biomass are defined as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivore detritivores].		**The bacteria, fungi, and microbial biomass are defined as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivore detritivores].
	**[[Collembola]] are defined primarily as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungivore fungivores]		**[[Collembola]] are defined primarily as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungivore fungivores]

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2023-05-10T18:03:49Z

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	6. Benites J., Bot, A. (2005).		6. Benites J., Bot, A. (2005).
	The Importance of Soil [[Organic Matter]]-Key to Drought-resistant soil and sustained food production. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.		The Importance of Soil [[Organic Matter]]-Key to Drought-resistant soil and sustained food production. Rome: Food and [[Agriculture]] Organization of the United Nations.

	7. European Commission - Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability. European Soil Portal. Retrieved December, 2014, from http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Library/Themes/Biodiversity/Index.html		7. European Commission - Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability. European Soil Portal. Retrieved December, 2014, from http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Library/Themes/Biodiversity/Index.html

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2022-05-06T18:01:30Z

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	6. Benites J., Bot, A. (2005).		6. Benites J., Bot, A. (2005).
	The Importance of Soil Organic Matter-Key to Drought-resistant soil and sustained food production. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.		The Importance of Soil [[Organic Matter]]-Key to Drought-resistant soil and sustained food production. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

	7. European Commission - Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability. European Soil Portal. Retrieved December, 2014, from http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Library/Themes/Biodiversity/Index.html		7. European Commission - Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability. European Soil Portal. Retrieved December, 2014, from http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Library/Themes/Biodiversity/Index.html

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2021-04-29T17:03:32Z

Jbass: /* What is Soil Biodiversity? */

2018-05-09T14:07:42Z

What is Soil Biodiversity?

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	==='''What is Soil Biodiversity?'''===		==='''What is Soil Biodiversity?'''===

	Soil biodiversity includes the living organisms and their interactions with each other, along with plants in the soil. Soil life varies with environment, from the other side of the world, the country, or even a tree. For example, a handful of soil from one spot on the forest floor may contain a very different selection of life from soil two feet away. This is because of variations in the availability of water or nutrients. [3] This immense variety serves as a cause for the many interactions, effects, and services that this ecosystem creates and contributes to. The benefits gained from this ecological environment affect not only the underground, but the surrounding terrestrial environment as well.		Soil biodiversity includes the living [[organisms]] and their interactions with each other, along with plants in the soil. Soil life varies with environment, from the other side of the world, the country, or even a tree. For example, a handful of soil from one spot on the forest floor may contain a very different selection of life from soil two feet away. This is because of variations in the availability of water or nutrients. [3] This immense variety serves as a cause for the many interactions, effects, and services that this ecosystem creates and contributes to. The benefits gained from this ecological environment affect not only the underground, but the surrounding terrestrial environment as well.
	Soil biodiversity is more extensive than any other environment on earth when all living forms are accounted for. The soil biota contains representations of all groups of microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, algae, as well as the microfauna such as protozoa and nematodes. [12]		Soil biodiversity is more extensive than any other environment on earth when all living forms are accounted for. The soil biota contains representations of all groups of [[microorganisms]], such as fungi, bacteria, algae, as well as the microfauna such as protozoa and nematodes. [12]
	[[File:soil_biodiversity.jpg\|frame\|[7]\|right]]		[[File:soil_biodiversity.jpg\|frame\|[7]\|right]]

Jbass: /* Soil Biodiversity Interactions */

2018-05-09T14:06:06Z

Soil Biodiversity Interactions

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	==<u>'''Soil Biodiversity Interactions'''</u>==		==<u>'''Soil Biodiversity Interactions'''</u>==
	Soil is one of the most important natural resources for life on this planet and contributes to many ecological systems. Life within the soil is vast and vital, in fact, 25% of all the worlds species live within the soil. According to the center for Ecology and Hydrology, only 1% of these [[organisms]] have even been discovered. [10]		[[Soil]] is one of the most important natural resources for life on this planet and contributes to many ecological systems. Life within the soil is vast and vital, in fact, 25% of all the worlds species live within the soil. According to the center for Ecology and Hydrology, only 1% of these [[organisms]] have even been discovered. [10]

	==='''What is Soil Biodiversity?'''===		==='''What is Soil Biodiversity?'''===

Jbass: /* Classification */

2018-05-09T03:14:30Z

Classification

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	*The different groups include:		*The different groups include:
	**micro- organismss: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria bacteria] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus fungi]		**micro- organismss: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria bacteria] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus fungi]
	**micro-fauna: protozoa and [[nematodes]]		**micro-fauna: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa protozoa] and [[nematodes]]
	**meso-fauna: acari, [[springtail\|springtails]], and enchytraeids		**meso-fauna: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acari acari], [[springtail\|springtails]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchytraeidae enchytraeids]
	**macrofauna: insects, and earthworms.		**macrofauna: [[insects]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworm earthworms].
	**The bacteria, fungi, and microbial biomass are defined as detritivores.		**The bacteria, fungi, and microbial biomass are defined as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivore detritivores].
	**Collembola are defined primarily as fungivores		**Collembola are defined primarily as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungivore fungivores]
	**protozoa are defined as bacterivores.		**protozoa are defined as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterivore bacterivores].

	==='''The Benefits'''===		==='''The Benefits'''===

Jbass: /* Classification */

2018-05-09T03:08:18Z

Classification

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	*The different groups include:		*The different groups include:
	**micro- organismss: bacteria and fungi		**micro- organismss: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria bacteria] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus fungi]
	**micro-fauna: protozoa and [[nematodes]]		**micro-fauna: protozoa and [[nematodes]]
	**meso-fauna: acari, [[springtail\|springtails]], and enchytraeids		**meso-fauna: acari, [[springtail\|springtails]], and enchytraeids

Jbass: /* Antibiotics */

2018-05-09T03:06:22Z

Antibiotics

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	====[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotics Antibiotics]====		====[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotics Antibiotics]====
	*Penicillin, the first commercialized antibiotic, is made from fungus. Streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline are all produced by soil bacteria. [11]		*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin Penicillin], the first commercialized antibiotic, is made from fungus. Streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline are all produced by soil bacteria. [11]

	[[File:ll.png\|frame\|[6]\|center]]		[[File:ll.png\|frame\|[6]\|center]]

Jbass: /* Citations */

2018-05-09T03:05:34Z

Citations

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	It is widely known and accepted by most, that the climate is warming due to increase outputs of CO2 and other [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas greenhouse gases]. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have risen from approximately 280 parts per million (ppm) prior to 1850, to 381.2 ppm in 2006. [13] Approximately two-thirds of the total increase in atmospheric CO2 is a result of human living; the burning of fossil fuels. The remainder coming from SOC loss due to land use change, such as the clearing of forests and the cultivation of land for food production, depleting carbon from the soils. [14] "The decomposition of SOM is due to the activity of the microbial decomposer community in the absence of continual rates of carbon input from the growth of forest vegetation, as well as increased soil temperatures that result from warming of the ground once the forest canopy has been removed." (Ontl & Schlute; 2012) [9] The rising concentration of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere may cause soil microbes to work faster in order to break down organic matter within the soil; in turn, potentially releasing even more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. [15] Although the amount of carbon in the ocean is larger than that in the soil, the rate of exchange is higher between the atmosphere and the soil than between the ocean and the atmosphere. Increasing soil organic carbon is a widely accepted goal that would help and benefit the ecological services provided by soil that is necessary for sustaining life.		It is widely known and accepted by most, that the climate is warming due to increase outputs of CO2 and other [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas greenhouse gases]. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have risen from approximately 280 parts per million (ppm) prior to 1850, to 381.2 ppm in 2006. [13] Approximately two-thirds of the total increase in atmospheric CO2 is a result of human living; the burning of fossil fuels. The remainder coming from SOC loss due to land use change, such as the clearing of forests and the cultivation of land for food production, depleting carbon from the soils. [14] "The decomposition of SOM is due to the activity of the microbial decomposer community in the absence of continual rates of carbon input from the growth of forest vegetation, as well as increased soil temperatures that result from warming of the ground once the forest canopy has been removed." (Ontl & Schlute; 2012) [9] The rising concentration of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere may cause soil microbes to work faster in order to break down organic matter within the soil; in turn, potentially releasing even more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. [15] Although the amount of carbon in the ocean is larger than that in the soil, the rate of exchange is higher between the atmosphere and the soil than between the ocean and the atmosphere. Increasing soil organic carbon is a widely accepted goal that would help and benefit the ecological services provided by soil that is necessary for sustaining life.

	==='''~~Citations~~'''===		==='''References'''===
	1. Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.globalsoilbiodiversity.org/?q=node/418		1. Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.globalsoilbiodiversity.org/?q=node/418

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	==<u>'''Soil Biodiversity Interactions'''</u>==		==<u>'''Soil Biodiversity Interactions'''</u>==
	[[Soil]] is one of the most important natural resources for life on this planet and contributes to many ecological systems. Life within the soil is vast and vital, in fact, 25% of all the worlds species live within the soil. According to the center for Ecology and Hydrology, only 1% of these [[organisms]] have even been discovered. [10]		[[Soil]] is one of the most important natural resources for life on this planet and contributes to many ecological systems. Life within the soil is vast and vital, in fact, 25% of all the worlds species live within the soil. According to the center for [[Ecology]] and Hydrology, only 1% of these [[organisms]] have even been discovered. [10]

	==='''What is Soil Biodiversity?'''===		==='''What is Soil Biodiversity?'''===

	Soil biodiversity includes the living [[organisms]] and their interactions with each other, along with plants in the soil. Soil life varies with environment, from the other side of the world, the country, or even a tree. For example, a handful of soil from one spot on the forest floor may contain a very different selection of life from soil two feet away. This is because of variations in the availability of water or nutrients. [3] This immense variety serves as a cause for the many interactions, effects, and services that this ecosystem creates and contributes to. The benefits gained from this ecological environment affect not only the underground, but the surrounding terrestrial environment as well.		Soil biodiversity includes the living [[organisms]] and their interactions with each other, along with plants in the soil. Soil life varies with environment, from the other side of the world, the country, or even a tree. For example, a handful of soil from one spot on the forest floor may contain a very different selection of life from soil two feet away. This is because of variations in the availability of water or nutrients. [3] This immense variety serves as a cause for the many interactions, effects, and services that this ecosystem creates and contributes to. The benefits gained from this ecological environment affect not only the underground, but the surrounding terrestrial environment as well.
	Soil biodiversity is more extensive than any other environment on earth when all living forms are accounted for. The soil biota contains representations of all groups of [[microorganisms]], such as fungi, bacteria, algae, as well as the microfauna such as protozoa and nematodes. [12]		Soil biodiversity is more extensive than any other environment on earth when all living forms are accounted for. The soil biota contains representations of all groups of [[microorganisms]], such as fungi, bacteria, algae, as well as the microfauna such as [[protozoa]] and nematodes. [12]
	[[File:soil_biodiversity.jpg\|frame\|[7]\|right]]		[[File:soil_biodiversity.jpg\|frame\|[7]\|right]]

	==='''Classification'''===		==='''Classification'''===

	When classifying soil organisms, using body size is the gold standard method. [12]		When classifying [[soil organisms]], using body size is the gold standard method. [12]

	*The different groups include:		*The different groups include:
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	**macrofauna: [[insects]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworm earthworms].		**macrofauna: [[insects]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworm earthworms].
	**The bacteria, fungi, and microbial biomass are defined as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivore detritivores].		**The bacteria, fungi, and microbial biomass are defined as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivore detritivores].
	**Collembola are defined primarily as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungivore fungivores]		**[[Collembola]] are defined primarily as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungivore fungivores]
	**protozoa are defined as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterivore bacterivores].		**protozoa are defined as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterivore bacterivores].

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	==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle Carbon Flux]====		==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle Carbon Flux]====
	*Through photosynthesis, plants draw carbon out of the air to form carbon compounds. The plant then exudes what it doesn't need for growth through its roots to supply soil organisms, where the carbon is then rendered stable, giving soil its structure, [[wikipedia:soil fertility\| fertility]], and water retention capabilities as well. [4] Besides plants, a range of microbial organisms including algae, cyanobacteria and some other forms of bacteria are also capable of photosynthesis. [12]		*Through photosynthesis, plants draw carbon out of the air to form carbon compounds. The plant then exudes what it doesn't need for growth through its roots to supply soil organisms, where the carbon is then rendered stable, giving soil its structure, [[wikipedia:soil fertility\| fertility]], and water retention capabilities as well. [4] Besides plants, a range of microbial organisms including algae, cyanobacteria and some other forms of bacteria are also capable of photosynthesis. [12]
	*When plants and animals die, they are decomposed into the soil by the biota. The carbon then leaves their bodies and is sent back into the atmosphere. [4]		*When plants and [[animals]] die, they are decomposed into the soil by the biota. The carbon then leaves their bodies and is sent back into the atmosphere. [4]
	*The continual decaying of plant material and greater species diversity in soil maximizes carbon storage and its cycling process. [4] [6]		*The continual decaying of plant material and greater species [[diversity]] in soil maximizes carbon storage and its cycling process. [4] [6]
	==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter Soil Organic Matter] & [[Nutrient Cycling]]====		==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter Soil Organic Matter] & [[Nutrient Cycling]]====
	*The decomposition of this matter is a naturally occurring biological process that is determined by soil organisms, the physical environment, and the quality of the organic matter.		*The [[decomposition]] of this matter is a naturally occurring biological process that is determined by soil organisms, the physical environment, and the quality of the organic matter.
	*The products released during decomposition of organic matter include: carbon dioxide, energy, water, plant nutrients and resynthesized organic carbon compounds. [6]		*The products released during decomposition of organic matter include: carbon dioxide, energy, water, plant nutrients and resynthesized organic carbon compounds. [6]
	*Soil organic matter is a food source for soil organisms and micro-organisms.		*Soil organic matter is a food source for soil organisms and micro-organisms.