Ascomycota - Revision history

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2022-05-06T18:01:25Z

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	== Subgroups ==		== Subgroups ==
	Ascomycota, which includes both unicellular and multicellular forms, is divided into three monophyletic subphyla: Pneumocystidomycetes, Schizosaccharomycetes, and Taphrinomycetes.		Ascomycota, which includes both unicellular and multicellular forms, is divided into three monophyletic subphyla: Pneumocystidomycetes, Schizosaccharomycetes, and Taphrinomycetes.
	'''Pezizomycotina''' is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota, including the vast majority of filamentous, ascocarp-producing species of ascomycetes [7]. It is ecologically diverse with species functioning in ecological processes and symbioses including wood and litter decay, animal and plant pathogens, mycorrhizae, endophytes and lichens [9].		'''Pezizomycotina''' is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota, including the vast majority of filamentous, ascocarp-producing species of ascomycetes [7]. It is ecologically diverse with species functioning in ecological processes and symbioses including wood and litter decay, animal and plant pathogens, [[mycorrhizae]], endophytes and lichens [9].
	'''Saccharomycotina''' includes all types yeasts, some chategorized as ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' or Bakers' Yeast, the most famous and economically important fungus, and ''Candida albicans'', the most frequently encountered fungal pathogen of humans and often the agent responsible for vaginal yeast infections and thrush and some toenail infections, among others human medical woes [3, 7, 10].		'''Saccharomycotina''' includes all types yeasts, some chategorized as ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' or Bakers' Yeast, the most famous and economically important fungus, and ''Candida albicans'', the most frequently encountered fungal pathogen of humans and often the agent responsible for vaginal yeast infections and thrush and some toenail infections, among others human medical woes [3, 7, 10].
	'''Taphrinomycotina''' includes, among others, ''Pneumocystis jirovecii'', a fungus that is often present in the lungs of healthy people but can cause pneumocystosis in individuals with weakened immune systems [7].		'''Taphrinomycotina''' includes, among others, ''Pneumocystis jirovecii'', a fungus that is often present in the lungs of healthy people but can cause pneumocystosis in individuals with weakened immune systems [7].

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2021-04-29T17:03:28Z

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	Ascomycota can make spores sexually (ascospores or meiospores) and asexually (condia or mitospores) [3]. Asexually, the hyphae of the sac fungi are divided by septa with pores, that is, they have perforated walls between adjacent cells [6]. They reproduce asexually by producing spores, called conidia, which are born on specialized erect hyphae, called conidiophores. The sac fungi are typically prolific producers of conidia [6].		Ascomycota can make spores sexually (ascospores or meiospores) and asexually (condia or mitospores) [3]. Asexually, the hyphae of the sac fungi are divided by septa with pores, that is, they have perforated walls between adjacent cells [6]. They reproduce asexually by producing spores, called conidia, which are born on specialized erect hyphae, called conidiophores. The sac fungi are typically prolific producers of conidia [6].
	Sexual reproduction begins with the development of particular hyphae from either one of two types of mating strains. The “male” strain produces an antheridium and the “female” strain develops an ascogonium [1]. At fertilization, the antheridium and the ascogonium combine without nuclear fusion. Special ascogenous hyphae arise, in which pairs of nuclei migrate: one from the “male” strain and one from the “female” strain. In each ascus, two or more haploid ascospores fuse their nuclei [1]. During sexual reproduction, thousands of asci (ascus, plural) fill a fruiting body called the ascocarp. The ascospores are then released, germinate, and form hyphae that are disseminated in the environment and start new mycelia [1]. Wind is the primary dispersal agent once the spores have been released from the ascus, but splashing, running water, and animals can be a method of spore transport as well [3].		Sexual reproduction begins with the development of particular hyphae from either one of two types of mating strains. The “male” strain produces an antheridium and the “female” strain develops an ascogonium [1]. At fertilization, the antheridium and the ascogonium combine without nuclear fusion. Special ascogenous hyphae arise, in which pairs of nuclei migrate: one from the “male” strain and one from the “female” strain. In each ascus, two or more haploid ascospores fuse their nuclei [1]. During sexual reproduction, thousands of asci (ascus, plural) fill a fruiting body called the ascocarp. The ascospores are then released, germinate, and form hyphae that are disseminated in the environment and start new mycelia [1]. Wind is the primary dispersal agent once the spores have been released from the ascus, but splashing, running water, and [[animals]] can be a method of spore transport as well [3].

	== Subgroups ==		== Subgroups ==

Eliasgua: /* Reproduction */

2018-05-09T00:18:22Z

Reproduction

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	==Reproduction ==		==Reproduction ==
	[[File:Lifecycle2.png\|thumb\|Life Cycle of Ascomycota [2]]]		[[File:Lifecycle2.png\|thumb\|Life Cycle of Ascomycota [1]]]

Eliasgua: /* Reproduction */

2018-05-09T00:17:42Z

Reproduction

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	==Reproduction ==		==Reproduction ==
	[[File:Lifecycle2.png\|thumb\|Life Cycle of Ascomycota [3]]]		[[File:Lifecycle2.png\|thumb\|Life Cycle of Ascomycota [2]]]

Eliasgua: /* Subgroups */

2018-05-09T00:14:33Z

Subgroups

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	Ascomycota, which includes both unicellular and multicellular forms, is divided into three monophyletic subphyla: Pneumocystidomycetes, Schizosaccharomycetes, and Taphrinomycetes.		Ascomycota, which includes both unicellular and multicellular forms, is divided into three monophyletic subphyla: Pneumocystidomycetes, Schizosaccharomycetes, and Taphrinomycetes.
	'''Pezizomycotina''' is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota, including the vast majority of filamentous, ascocarp-producing species of ascomycetes [7]. It is ecologically diverse with species functioning in ecological processes and symbioses including wood and litter decay, animal and plant pathogens, mycorrhizae, endophytes and lichens [9].		'''Pezizomycotina''' is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota, including the vast majority of filamentous, ascocarp-producing species of ascomycetes [7]. It is ecologically diverse with species functioning in ecological processes and symbioses including wood and litter decay, animal and plant pathogens, mycorrhizae, endophytes and lichens [9].
	'''Saccharomycotina''' includes ~~the "true~~ yeasts", ~~among others like~~ ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' or Bakers' Yeast, the most famous fungus, and ''Candida albicans'', the most frequently encountered fungal pathogen of humans and often the agent responsible for vaginal yeast infections and thrush and some toenail infections, among others human medical woes [3, 7, 10].		'''Saccharomycotina''' includes all types yeasts, some chategorized as ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' or Bakers' Yeast, the most famous and economically important fungus, and ''Candida albicans'', the most frequently encountered fungal pathogen of humans and often the agent responsible for vaginal yeast infections and thrush and some toenail infections, among others human medical woes [3, 7, 10].
	'''Taphrinomycotina''' includes, among others, ''Pneumocystis jirovecii'', a fungus that is often present in the lungs of healthy people but can cause pneumocystosis in individuals with weakened immune systems [7].		'''Taphrinomycotina''' includes, among others, ''Pneumocystis jirovecii'', a fungus that is often present in the lungs of healthy people but can cause pneumocystosis in individuals with weakened immune systems [7].

Eliasgua: /* Subgroups */

2018-05-09T00:10:32Z

Subgroups

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	Ascomycota, which includes both unicellular and multicellular forms, is divided into three monophyletic subphyla: Pneumocystidomycetes, Schizosaccharomycetes, and Taphrinomycetes.		Ascomycota, which includes both unicellular and multicellular forms, is divided into three monophyletic subphyla: Pneumocystidomycetes, Schizosaccharomycetes, and Taphrinomycetes.
	'''Pezizomycotina''' is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota, including the vast majority of filamentous, ascocarp-producing species of ascomycetes [7]. It is ecologically diverse with species functioning in ecological processes and symbioses including wood and litter decay, animal and plant pathogens, mycorrhizae, endophytes and lichens [9].		'''Pezizomycotina''' is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota, including the vast majority of filamentous, ascocarp-producing species of ascomycetes [7]. It is ecologically diverse with species functioning in ecological processes and symbioses including wood and litter decay, animal and plant pathogens, mycorrhizae, endophytes and lichens [9].
	'''Saccharomycotina''' includes the "true yeasts", among others like ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' or Bakers' Yeast, the most famous fungus, and ''Candida albicans'', the most frequently encountered fungal pathogen of humans and often the agent responsible for vaginal yeast infections and thrush and some toenail infections, among others human medical woes [3, 7].		'''Saccharomycotina''' includes the "true yeasts", among others like ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' or Bakers' Yeast, the most famous fungus, and ''Candida albicans'', the most frequently encountered fungal pathogen of humans and often the agent responsible for vaginal yeast infections and thrush and some toenail infections, among others human medical woes [3, 7, 10].
	'''Taphrinomycotina''' includes, among others, ''Pneumocystis jirovecii'', a fungus that is often present in the lungs of healthy people but can cause pneumocystosis in individuals with weakened immune systems [7].		'''Taphrinomycotina''' includes, among others, ''Pneumocystis jirovecii'', a fungus that is often present in the lungs of healthy people but can cause pneumocystosis in individuals with weakened immune systems [7].

Eliasgua: /* Reproduction */

2018-05-09T00:09:24Z

Reproduction

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	==Reproduction ==		==Reproduction ==
	~~[[File:Lifecycle.gif\|thumb\|Life Cycle of Ascomycota [3]]]~~
	[[File:Lifecycle2.png\|thumb\|Life Cycle of Ascomycota [3]]]		[[File:Lifecycle2.png\|thumb\|Life Cycle of Ascomycota [3]]]

Eliasgua: /* Reproduction */

2018-05-09T00:09:08Z

Reproduction

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	==Reproduction ==		==Reproduction ==
	[[File:Lifecycle.gif\|thumb\|Life Cycle of Ascomycota [3]]]		[[File:Lifecycle.gif\|thumb\|Life Cycle of Ascomycota [3]]]
			[[File:Lifecycle2.png\|thumb\|Life Cycle of Ascomycota [3]]]


	[[File:Fungalsac.gif\|thumb\|Drawing showing a cross-section of a cup fungus, a kind of sac fungus, and the microsopic view shows how asci cover the inside of the cup [2]]]		[[File:Fungalsac.gif\|thumb\|Drawing showing a cross-section of a cup fungus, a kind of sac fungus, and the microsopic view shows how asci cover the inside of the cup [2]]]

Eliasgua: /* References */

2018-05-08T23:56:22Z

References

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	[2] “Sac Fungi.” Silk Tree or Mimosa, ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN, [https://www.backyardnature.net/fungsac.htm www.backyardnature.net/fungsac.htm].		[2] “Sac Fungi.” Silk Tree or Mimosa, ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN, [https://www.backyardnature.net/fungsac.htm www.backyardnature.net/fungsac.htm].

	[3] Taylor, John, ~~et al~~. ~~“Ascomycota~~.~~” Tree of Life Web Project,~~ [~~https~~://tolweb.org/Ascomycota tolweb.org/Ascomycota].		[3] Taylor, John W., Joey Spatafora, and Mary Berbee. 2006. Ascomycota. Sac Fungi. Version 09 October 2006 (under construction). [http://tolweb.org/Ascomycota/20521/2006.10.09 tolweb.org/Ascomycota/20521/2006.10.09]

	[4] “Sac Fungi (Phylum Ascomycota).” INaturalist.org, [https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/48250-Ascomycota www.inaturalist.org/taxa/48250-Ascomycota].		[4] “Sac Fungi (Phylum Ascomycota).” INaturalist.org, [https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/48250-Ascomycota www.inaturalist.org/taxa/48250-Ascomycota].

Eliasgua: /* References */

2018-05-08T23:55:16Z

References

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	[8] “Simon's Blog - Winter Fungus.” ITV News, ITV Hub, [https://www.itv.com/news/meridian/2016-02-04/simons-blog-winter-fungus/ www.itv.com/news/meridian/2016-02-04/simons-blog-winter-fungus/].		[8] “Simon's Blog - Winter Fungus.” ITV News, ITV Hub, [https://www.itv.com/news/meridian/2016-02-04/simons-blog-winter-fungus/ www.itv.com/news/meridian/2016-02-04/simons-blog-winter-fungus/].

	[9] Spatafora, Joey. ~~“Pezizomycotina~~.~~” Tree of Life Web Project,~~ [~~https~~://tolweb.org/Pezizomycotina/29296 tolweb.org/Pezizomycotina/29296].		[9] Spatafora, Joey. 2007. Pezizomycotina. Version 19 December 2007. [http://tolweb.org/Pezizomycotina/29296/2007.12.19 tolweb.org/Pezizomycotina/29296/2007.12.19]

	[10] Blackwell, Meredith, Cletus P. Kurtzman, Marc-André Lachance, and Sung-Oui Suh. 2009. Saccharomycotina. Saccharomycetales. Version 22 January 2009. [http://tolweb.org/Saccharomycetales/29043/2009.01.22 tolweb.org/Saccharomycetales/29043/2009.01.22]		[10] Blackwell, Meredith, Cletus P. Kurtzman, Marc-André Lachance, and Sung-Oui Suh. 2009. Saccharomycotina. Saccharomycetales. Version 22 January 2009. [http://tolweb.org/Saccharomycetales/29043/2009.01.22 tolweb.org/Saccharomycetales/29043/2009.01.22]