https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Njlohret 2026-04-09T00:22:27Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.0 https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=2062 2018-05-07T18:30:15Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee -Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=2061 2018-05-07T18:30:01Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A pollinating Honey Bee -Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Essential_ecosystem_services&diff=2060 2018-05-07T18:27:35Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> == '''Ecosystem Services''' ==<br /> [[File:Bee.jpg|200px|thumb|left|-David McClenaghan]]<br /> Ecosystem Services are the documentation of the values and the benefits derived from ecosystems and the natural resources provided by the services. Changes in ecosystem services are measured by growth and loss of economic worth for human welfare. Ecosystem services are the benefits humans gain within marine and [[terrestrial ecology]]. For example, timber, clean water, food, and various cultural values. These services can be classified into four categories: '''provisioning services''', '''regulating services''', '''supporting services''' and '''cultural services'''.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Services of Ecosystems ==<br /> <br /> '''Provisioning Services:''' These services are those that provide the ecosystem and its inhabitants with energy and material. They provide essential materials and energy through the output of productivity and these can be any types of useful resources, like food or water. An example of this would be in developing countries, there is a heavy reliance on natural medicinal plants and these plant materials are provided by an ecosystem. Another example of provisioning services would be the conditions an ecosystem has that allows it's inhabitants to be able to obtain food, whether this is from growing it, collecting it, hunting it, harvesting it, or from a plants perspective, producing it. The conditions an ecosystem may have would be the amount of rainfall per &quot;wet&quot; or &quot;dry&quot; season. This would directly affect the quality of soil of the ecosystem and thus affecting the type of flora and provisioning services within the ecosystem. <br /> <br /> '''Regulating Services:''' Are the services that act as managers, maintaining the quality of air, soil, and other parts of an ecosystem. Regulating services also provide flood and disease control. An example of regulating services is Carbon Sequestration and storage. This occurs when trees and plants grow, they utilize and remove CO2 from the atmosphere. This regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, provides an ecosystem with oxygen and manages change in temperature.<br /> <br /> '''Supporting Services:''' Are the basis to all ecosystem services, they provide a place to live for plants and animals, while a strong diversity between plants and animals. An example of supporting services is the maintenance of genetic diversity. This is how we conserve and protects unique species and maintain the diversity of species within an ecosystem. A large portion of the maintenance of genetic diversity is documentation, because if a species is nearing what classifies as &quot;Endangered,&quot; then action needs to be taken right away. <br /> <br /> '''Cultural Services:''' Are the non-material benefits that humans gain from an ecosystem. This can be an artistic and aesthetic inspiration, cultural identity, spiritual experiences with the natural environment and even a feeling of being at home. An example of cultural services is aesthetic and artistic appreciation. Art, culture and even science has been heavily influenced by biodiversity, natural landscapes, and ecosystems. Also, language, knowledge and our natural environment have been interconnected throughout the history of humans.<br /> [[File:29A57ECF-AE94-48C3-B4B0F99B027FF237.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Example of Supporting Service (documentation of genetic diversity) -Pan Xunbin]]<br /> [[File:Aviary Photo_131606837983475382.png|400px|thumb|right|Example of &quot;cultural service&quot; -Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Ecosystem Service: Soil Formation ==<br /> <br /> Type of Service: Supporting Service<br /> <br /> Service: Soil Formation <br /> <br /> Soil is extremely important to an ecosystems biodiversity and plays a role in the productiveness of the ecosystem. Soil plays a large role in [[Nutrient Cycling]], a benefit to humans and all living organims that is free but worth trillions of dollars per year as a major ecosystem service. Soil Formation is a supporting service because supporting services are the services that are fundamental to the productions of all other services. Soil is incredibly heterogeneous and varies from place to place. For example, it has different characteristics from country to country and even from town to town. An important factor to understanding soil formation, is understanding what parent material is. Parent material are rocks, that have been broken down, due to either physical, chemical or biological weathering. The important factor is that when there is parent material present, and along with dead organic matter, microorganisms, plants and animals, soil can be formed.<br /> <br /> Hans Jenny, a major influence in soil ecology, coined the term &quot;[[Pedogenesis]]&quot; or soil formation. He furthered how we view soil formation and created an equation displaying factors of soil is formed and this equation is called the [[Jenny Equation]]: <br /> <br /> [[File:soil-forming-factors.png|300px|left|thumb|-Ruth Heindel]]<br /> <br /> '''S=f(cl,o,r,p,t,...)''' <br /> Soil=Formation(Climate, Organisms, Relief or Topography, Parent Material, Time, ...) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Screenshot (60).png|500px|right|thumb|-SouthEast Queensland Ecosystem Framework.]]<br /> Soil Formation directly and indirectly affects other processes and benefits within an ecosystem. The chart below, gives the processes and benefits within each ecosystem service that is directly or directly affected by soil formation and these are specific to Southeast Queensland in Australia. The processes and benefits closest to &quot;5&quot; are the strongest relationship and can be described as occurring as a direct result of soil formation. Three benefits from ecosystem services fit within &quot;5&quot; or the strongest direct relationship, arable land or land that is ideal for growing crops, food products, and productive soil. Most benefits and processes are related and interconnected in some way. For example, if quality soil forms within an area, the productive natures of the soil will be high and in most cases, this makes for arable land or ideal conditions for growing crops. This is why for Southeast Queensland, there is a direct relationship between soil formation and the productiveness and land use of the region. Soil formation and the rate of production in the soil will always have a strong relationship because there are very similar factors that mold each other.<br /> *''Productive Soil'' contributes to the production of food, like in agriculture, and the production of fuel and building materials. Productive soils are made up of minerals, water and living organisms. Productive soils take thousands of years to develop by the weathering of parent material. What makes soil productive is the biodiversity of organisms that live within the soil and the processes that occur within the soils that provide benefits for these organisms. With that being said, the factors within the Jenny equation, are crucial in forming productive soil. For example, soil formed in the tundra is significantly less productive than soil formed in rain forests due to the drastic difference in climate. Climates within rain forests are ideal for organisms and microorganisms that aid in the contribution to productive soils. An ecosystem with productive soil provides more ecosystem services. <br /> *''Arable Land'' is the highly abundant land to an ecosystem that has high quality soil capable of producing food year after year and this is due to it's high level of productivity, an important portion to enhancing this ecosystem service. For Southeast Queensland in Australia, the framework team found that the soil is among the most productive and has quality, &quot;arable land.&quot; The area was described by the framework team as &quot;a unique resource,&quot; due to it's high level of fertility, ideal water-storing capabilities, deep drainage and groundwater that is in good condition and is provided with an exceptional, mild climate.<br /> *''Food Products'' are essential to human life and provide humans with crucial and nutritious sources of vitamins, sugars, carbohydrates, and important undigested cellulose and fibers that support the survival of humans. Food production is dependent on or an outcome of, the many biological, chemical, and physical processes that occur within an ecosystem. Almost all ecosystem services have a strong relationship with &quot;Food Products&quot; or how organisms grow, gather, produce and eat food. For Southeast Queensland, the soil is extremely productive and the land is considered arable. Also, the climate is ideal, making the diversity of food products extremely high with minimal human input.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Andrews, William A. 1973. &quot;Soil Ecology.&quot; Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Published by Prentice-Hall, Inc. <br /> <br /> Braun De Torrez, Elizabeth. Bauer, Dana. Fleming, H. Theodore. Kunz, H. Thomas. Lobova, Tatyana. 2011. March 30. &quot;Ecosystem Services Provided by Bats.&quot; https://nyaspubs-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06004.x<br /> <br /> Callaham Jr., Mac A. 2018. &quot;Fundamentals of Soil Ecology.&quot; London, United Kingdom. Kidlington, Oxford. San Diego, California. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Candice Janco. <br /> <br /> Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. &quot;Provisioning Services.&quot; http://www.fao.org/ecosystem-services-biodiversity/background/provisioning-services/en/<br /> <br /> Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. &quot;Regulating Services.&quot; http://www.fao.org/ecosystem-services-biodiversity/background/regulating-services/en/<br /> <br /> Haines-Young, Roy. Tantram, Dominic. 2011. Jun, 14. &quot;What are Ecosystem Services.&quot;http://www.ecosystemservices.org.uk/contact.htm<br /> <br /> Queensland Government. 2013. October 8. &quot;How Soils Form.&quot; https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/soil/soil-explained/forms<br /> <br /> SEQ Ecosystems Services Project. 2005. &quot;Ecosystems Services, Arable Land.&quot; http://www.ecosystemservicesseq.com.au/step-5-services/arable-land<br /> <br /> SEQ Ecosystems Services Project.2005. &quot;Ecosystem Services, Food Product.&quot; http://www.ecosystemservicesseq.com.au/step-5-services/food<br /> <br /> SEQ Ecosystems Services Project. 2005. &quot;Ecosystem Services, Productive Soils.&quot; http://www.ecosystemservicesseq.com.au/step-5-services/productive-soils<br /> <br /> SEQ Ecosystems Services Project.2005. &quot;Ecosystem Functions, Soil Formation.&quot; http://www.ecosystemservicesseq.com.au/step-3-functions/soil-formation<br /> <br /> T.E.E.B. &quot;Ecosystem Services.&quot; http://www.teebweb.org/resources/ecosystem-services/<br /> <br /> Wallace, Ken J. 2007 October. &quot;Classification of Ecosystem Services: Problems and Solutions.&quot; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320707002765<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''Picture References:'''<br /> <br /> Heindel, Ruth. 2015. January, 23. &quot;An Apatite for Kenyte.&quot; https://dartmouthigert.wordpress.com/2015/01/23/an-apatite-for-kenyte/<br /> <br /> McClenaghan, David. &quot;Bee Collecting Pollen.&quot; http://www.scienceimage.csiro.au/image/3822/bee-collecting-pollen/<br /> <br /> Pan Xubin. &quot;Diversity and Classification.&quot; http://www.bioedonline.org/slides/content-slides/diversity-and-classification/<br /> <br /> Southeast Queensland Ecosystem Framework. &quot;Ecosystem Functions.&quot; http://www.ecosystemservicesseq.com.au/step-3-functions/soil-formation</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Terrestrial_ecology&diff=2059 2018-05-07T18:22:29Z

<p>Njlohret: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Defining and Researching Terrestrial Ecology''' ==<br /> '''''Terrestrial Ecology''''' specifies the relations of organisms and their physical environment on land. Terrestrial Ecology can be further defined through categorization of terrestrial biomes and terrestrial ecosystems. Interaction is the main factor in understanding what is happening in an ecosystem. When studying and researching terrestrial ecosystems look for specific factors that are unique from one another, such as the '''Biotic''' and '''Abiotic''' factors. The interactions between these factors are unique and can help you to understand a particular process and ecosystem, and affect the benefits that humans gain within an ecosystem through [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> = '''Terrestrial Ecosystems vs Terrestrial Biomes''' =<br /> <br /> Terrestrial ecosystems and terrestrial biomes are different from each other. Terrestrial ecosystems can be defined as a community of interaction between many living organisms and nonliving things on land. Terrestrial Biomes can be defined as an area, on land, that can be classified by the animals and plants that live within it. In some cases, there can be a few different ecosystems within a terrestrial biome. This means that biomes are on a larger geographical scale than ecosystems and biomes directly affect or make up the interactions within an ecosystem and the organisms within it. <br /> <br /> [[File:biomes.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Factors of Terrestrial Ecosystems''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> Terrestrial ecosystems can be categorized through ''biotic'' and ''abiotic'' factors. The interactions that occur between biotic and abiotic factors can help us to better understand what is happening within a particular ecosystem and to further classify those factors and the ecosystem itself. Biotic factors or biological factors are the autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers of a particular ecosystem. You may remember these as producers or autotrophs, consumers or heterotrophs, and decomposers or detrivores. These biotic factors evidence the differentiation in ecosystems and biomes, for example and in most cases, an autotroph that typically lives in a cold, wet climate would not be able to survive in a hot, dry climate such as a desert or savanna. Abiotic factors are physical components to a ecosystem and these components affect the biological diversity. In short, abiotic factors directly affect biotic factors. Abiotic factors are the unique aspects of the climate, the weather, the type of soil in the region, and the water within the ecosystem. An example of this may be the type of soil within an ecosystem, whether it is silt, clay,[[loam]], silt loam, sand, sand loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, and etc. A widely accepted method to classifying the type of soil through [[Soil Textures]] and this can present evidence of unique characteristics of [[Soil Structures]] within different ecosystems. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:abiotic.jpg|500px|]] <br /> (Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Center, 2015. July 21)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == '''Biotic Factors''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Autotrophs'''<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> -''Autotrophs'' are organisms that create their own food by converting inorganic compounds into organic compounds. They are primary producers because they reside at the base of the food chain pyramid. There are two types of Autotrophs, '''Chemoautotrophs''' and '''Photoautotrophs'''. <br /> <br /> ''Chemoautotrophs'' are bacteria that create energy with the chemical energy within inorganic compounds. This proccess occurs through &quot;chemosynthesis&quot; or the creation of organic compounds by bacteria and these bacteria use energy from chemical reactions that occur without sunlight. They use inorganic compounds like Carbon Dioxide to create sugars. For example, &quot;Sulfur Reducers&quot; are chemoautotrophs and they use inorganic sulfur compounds as a source of energy. Sulfur reducers can be found in locations that release sulfur such as near vents and active volcanoes on the ocean floor. <br /> Chemoautotrophs are said to be mainly found within the ocean and in the intestines of animals.<br /> <br /> ''Photoautotrophs'' are plants and bacteria that contain &quot;chloroplasts&quot; and chloroplasts are able to create energy by converting energy from photons into chemical energy in sugars or other molecules. This occurs in process of photosynthesis. Photoautotrophs play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems because they are a major provider in energy or food to animals. Plants or photoautotrophs are the primary or base within a food chain pyramid. However there are factors that make each ecosystem unique, so primary or base photoautotrophs will be different within different ecosystems.<br /> <br /> Autotrophs can be differentiated by the type of energy they use. ''Chemoautotrophs'' use '''chemical energy''' and ''Photoautotrophs'' use '''light energy'''.<br /> <br /> [[File:chemoauto.jpg|600px|]]<br /> [[File:photoautos.jpg|500px|]]<br /> (Rowden, Ashley.Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. &quot;Sea floor - Vents and seeps.&quot;)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''Heterotrophs'''<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Heterotrophs'' are living organisms that gain energy and nutrition through consuming other organisms. The organisms form cells and body parts by using nutrients as &quot;building blocks.&quot; [[Animals]] and most microorganisms are heterotrophs that can be classified by the organisms they consume. Humans are considered to be heterotrophs, we rely heavily on other organisms. For example, a large portion to most of our diets, [[Monocots]] are grains such as barley, rice and wheat. These grains are in many of the products we consume on a daily basis and even for every meal such as bread or even rice. Even fruits like coconut, pineapples and dates, can be classified as Monocots. Heterotrophs are secondary and tertiary consumers. <br /> <br /> ''Herbivore'': Organisms that eat plants<br /> <br /> ''Carnivore'': Organisms that eat animals <br /> <br /> ''Omnivore'': Organisms that eat both plant and animals<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Decomposers'' that break down plants or animals can also be considered ''heterotrophic'' based on that they eat other organisms.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Decomposers'''<br /> <br /> &quot;Decomposers,&quot; are organisms who feed on dead plant and animal material and also feed on waste. Decomposers break down and partly digest organic material. This feeding process aids in the maintenance of [[Nutrient Cycling]] and restoration of rich soil. ''Nutrient Cycling'' is the moving of organic and inorganic materials through an ecosystem, to provide nutrients. For example, earthworms feed on live and dead organic material. Earthworm secretions primarily create the organic composition of the &quot;O Horizon,&quot; a layer of organic soil that classifies an ecosystem's Soil [[Properties]]. This was found to be true by Charles Darwin, who studied soil or [[Vegetable Mould]] and its decomposers. The soil properties directly affect the biotic factors within an ecosystem and largely influence the decomposers of the ecosystem. There are three types of decomposers, ''Protists'', ''Fungi'', and ''Bacteria''. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''&quot;Protists,&quot;''' a single celled organism. Protists look for dead insects or other microorganisms to eat. There are four important types of protists: Flagelletes, Naked Amoeba, Testate Amoeba, and Cilliates. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Euglena_diagram.jpg|100px|]] ''Flagelletes'': Very common, eat bacteria and are categorized with the &quot;whip-like&quot; tail they have. <br /> <br /> (Miklos, Claudio. 2011 October, 29)<br /> <br /> [[File:amoeba.jpg|100px|]]''Naked Amoeba'': Less common in dry soil and they eat everything. They look like a splattered, blob of jelly. <br /> <br /> (EnchantedLearning.com, Copyright2001-2016) <br /> <br /> [[File:TestateAmoeba.jpg|100px|]]''Testate Amoeba'': They rapidly reproduce and die. Testate Amoeba are categorized by their &quot;test&quot; or hat-like shell. <br /> <br /> (Lahr, Dan. 2014. March,12)<br /> <br /> [[File:ciliates.jpg|100px|]]''[[Ciliates]]': More common in moist habitats whether its seasonally or constant. Cilliates have a hairy-looking outer ring. <br /> <br /> (Egmond, Wim Van, &quot;Ciliates&quot;)<br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''&quot;Fungi&quot;''' are any single-celled or multi-nucleus organism that decomposes organic material in order to live such as mildew, yeast, mushrooms and mold. Mycorrhizal fungi is a term used to describe a relationship between these &quot;fungi&quot; and plant life. Mycorrhizal fungi release and distribute nitrogen and phosphorus from dead plant material. This release of nitrogen and phosphorus from mycorrhizal fungi are the primary source within terrestrial ecosystems and in the uptake in these nutrients within plants of these ecosystems. Mycorrhizal relationships also offer defense against insects and other organisms that may be looking for a source of nutrients. ''[[Nutrient Cycling]]'' is also known as &quot;Ecological Cycling&quot; and this refers to the processes of recycling resources that sustain all life on Earth such as carbon, nitrogen, water and etc. For example, one of the most vital roles within nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems are the role of Mycorrhizal fungi. AMF or [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], is widely believed to be the first to form a relationship among the first terrestrial plants on Earth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:fungals.jpg]] <br /> (Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Our &quot;true&quot; fungi are ''basidiomycetes'', ''ascomycetes'', and ''zygomycetes'' and these fungi develop relationships with plants which is called mycorrhiza.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:tomato_feat__zygomycota_by_alexiseptimus.jpg|100px|]] ''Zygomycetes'': Grows rapidly on food through hyphal network. <br /> <br /> (AlexiSeptimus)<br /> <br /> [[File:Aleuria-aurantia-2.jpg|100px|]] ''Ascomycetes'': They grow in hyphae and are common in soil and aquatic habitats. <br /> <br /> (Smith, David. 2014 March, 13)<br /> <br /> [[File:emeticrussula.jpg|100px|]]''Basidiomycete''s: They are the most commonly known because they are like our backyard mushrooms and they are important decomposers. <br /> <br /> (CSERC.org)<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> '''&quot;Bacteria&quot;''' are single-celled microbes that are capable of living in almost all types of environments and temperatures. Without bacteria, humans would not exists and this is due to the role bacteria play in productivity within plants. They work to help with the rate of utilization of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen and this is why bacteria are vital for all life. The picture below illustrates nitrogen fixing in the atmosphere. [[Diazotrophs]] are the unique microorganisms such as bacteria and Archaea, who are the only organisms able to incorporate and fix the nitrogen in the atmosphere by producing more nitrogen. The nitrogen becomes more readily available for organisms like autotrophs or plants. <br /> <br /> [[File:8418272.gif|300px|]]<br /> (Kayaken, 2017. March, 3)<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == '''Abiotic Factors''' ==<br /> <br /> '''Climate and Weather:''' The condition of the atmosphere over long geological periods. Weather is the daily conditions of the ecosystem such as temperature, pressure, cloudiness and moisture that make up a biomes climate. Both weather and climate can affect an ecosystem. Climate has a long term affect and only if the climate is changing. Weather has a short term affect on an ecosystem such as daily productiveness. For example, if there is an increase in acidic rain from air pollution, this will directly affect pH level within soils and also kill flora and fauna.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Soil:''' It is the basis of which organisms live at and near the surface of the Earth and similar bodies altered by biological, chemical, and/or physical agents and processes. Soil is, has a high level of [[diversity]]. The soil [[properties]] are widely heterogeneous due to factors like climate, weather, type of organisms, the type of topography, the parent material and the time from which the ecosystem began. Hans Jenny, a natural scientist, furthered this understanding of soil formation through the [[Jenny Equation]], S=F(cl,o,r,p,t....). All are large factors in soil formation and how rich the soil is, and this directly affects biotic factors. This can be further defined through the term [[Pedogenesis]] or soil formation and this term was coined by Hans Jenny. For example, freshwater marshes have a great diversity of organisms and very rich soil. The tundra has a low biodiversity due to its extremely cold weather, climate and poor soil condition. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Water:''' It is a constituent or a part of a whole. Water is vital for living organisms. Water is a factor of an ecosystem because biotic factors adapt to water conditions. The flora or plant life is directly affected by the amount of precipitation and moisture within the soil. The moisture within soil can be greater in areas that have smaller pore spaces and for example, clay holds on to more nutrients and water than sand. One can classify these types of soil through testing the [[Soil Textures]]. Another example, desert fauna, are adapted to life with extreme heat and dry climate. Beetles in particular are forced to wait until there is moisture in the air from fog, and they collect this moisture by running to the top of sand dunes and tipping there backs to the sky. As moisture collects on the back of the beetle, the drops run down into the beetles mouth. The harsh climate of the desert has affected the fauna to adapt to hot and dry climate. <br /> <br /> [[File:Beetlejuice.jpg|400px|]]<br /> (Namib Beetle Illustration. Roberto Osti, Biomechanics)<br /> <br /> == '''Putting It All Together''' ==<br /> <br /> Biome: Grasslands/Wetlands <br /> <br /> Type of Ecosystem: Swamps and Marshes<br /> <br /> Type of Swamp and Marsh: Freshwater <br /> <br /> Climate: Wet, humid season. Dry season. <br /> <br /> Freshwater swamps and marshes are the most productive ecosystems on land. The lower elevation and warm, humid climate creates an ecosystem that is very productive in the simultaneous relationship between biotic and abiotic factors. Marshes resupply groundwater and they manage the flow of water to streams. Marshes play a vital role near &quot;watersheds&quot; by reducing the amount of damage from flooding and this is done through the storing of excess water. Marshes regulate extra sediments and pollutants through decomposition and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms and vegetation feed on the excess nutrients provided by the extra sediments and pollutants such as nitrogen or phosphorous from fertilizers, a very relevant challenge within pollution in agriculture. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna or plants and animals within wetlands. Flora and fauna are the biotic factors within ecosystems or the autotrophs and heterotrophs. The abiotic factors like the humid climate, overly saturated soil, and excess water directly affect the flora and fauna within swamps and marshes. Specifically, freshwater marshes, show the greatest efficiency and productivity for nutrient cycling and converting of resources than any other ecosystem. For example, [[Black Willow]], a type of tree that has roots made for taking in moisture and for living in soil that has a high level of moisture, like the wetlands. Decomposers play a vital role in the nutrient cycling and carbon distribution within a freshwater marsh. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, are most common within fresh water marshes, these decomposers convert a large amount of plant litter or &quot;detritus&quot; into Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen as a result of respiration and nitrogen fixing. Respiration occurs at a more productive rate within wet climates opposed to dry climates. When the fungi develop mycorrhizal relationships with plants, in an ecosystem that is humid and has excess water in the soil, the plants and fungus in theory would be working at a greater level of productivity. With more active plants, come higher levels of nutrients. For herbivores, this can create a competitive ecosystem for both space and nutrients. Many [[insects]] live in swamps and marshes and many feed on plants. The mycorrhizal relationships within swamps and marshes are not only great for nutrient cycling but also defense against these insects. The fungi release spores that can kill the insects trying to eat Another adaptation and protection against abiotic factors, are [[Flavonoids]]. [[Flavonoids]] are within all plants on Earth and they provide protection against UV, Protection against invasive pathogens, and signaling symbiosis. The flora and fauna within an ecosystem have developed adaptations to aid in interaction with both biotic and abiotic factors within their ecosystem. The biotic and abiotic factors have a unique symbiotic relationship that allows organisms to coincide with each other and their environment and this is what makes studying terrestrial ecology so interesting.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Adl, M.S., V.V.S.R. Gupta. 2006, July. &quot;Protists in soil ecology and forest nutrient cycling.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A149615503/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=dff4638c. <br /> <br /> Beacom, Betsy. 2017, April 25. &quot;Food Chains In Deciduous Forests.&quot; https://sciencing.com/food-chains-deciduous-forest-7449795.html<br /> <br /> Blanchfield, Deirdre S. 2011 June, 13. &quot;Biotic community.&quot; http://ic.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=&amp;displayGroupName=Reference&amp;docIndex=&amp;source=&amp;prodId=&amp;mode=view&amp;limiter=&amp;display-query=&amp;contentModules=&amp;action=e&amp;sortBy=&amp;windowstate=normal&amp;currPage=&amp;dviSelectedPage=&amp;scanId=&amp;query=&amp;search_within_results=&amp;p=SCIC&amp;catId=&amp;u=sunybuff_main&amp;displayGroups=&amp;documentId=GALE%7CCV2644151534&amp;activityType=BasicSearch&amp;failOverType=&amp;commentary= <br /> <br /> Blanchfield, Deirdre S. Gale &quot;Detritivores.&quot; 2016. May, 25. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644150372/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=6309b795.<br /> <br /> Biology-online.org. 2015, June 14. &quot;Diazotroph.&quot; https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Diazotroph<br /> <br /> Bragg, O.M. Mineyeva, T Yu. Sirin, A.A. Jones, Peter. 2016, Dec. 14. &quot;Towards Ecosystem-Based Restoration of Peatland Biodiversity.&quot; <br /> http://mires-and-peat.net/media/map19/map_19_01.pdf<br /> <br /> Diffen.com. Diffen LLC.Web.&quot;Autotroph vs Heterotroph.&quot;<br /> https://www.diffen.com/difference/Autotroph_vs_Heterotroph <br /> <br /> EPA. 2017. September, 1. &quot;Wetlands Classification and Types.&quot; https://www.epa.gov/wetlands/wetlands-classification-and-types#marshes<br /> <br /> Freedman, Bill.K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. 2014.&quot;Heterotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644031108/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=d35a52f8.<br /> <br /> Forseth, Irwin N. 2010. &quot;Terrestrial Biomes&quot; https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/terrestrial-biomes-13236757<br /> <br /> Gale, World of Biology. 2006. April, 3. &quot;Heterotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2431500310/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=90cec2db. <br /> <br /> Geyer,Wayne A. Row, John M. 2010, May. &quot;Black Willow.&quot; https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_sani.pdf<br /> <br /> Lerner. K Lee. Lerner. Brenda Wilmoth. 2014 The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. &quot;Autotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644030216/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=14fc9a52.<br /> <br /> National Geographic Society. 2011, January 21. &quot;biome&quot; https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/biome/<br /> <br /> Mack, Steve. 2007. Nov, 1. &quot;How do Bacteria Produce Energy Without Mitochondria.&quot; http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2007-11/1193962676.Mi.r.html<br /> <br /> Moreno, J. Perez. Read. D.J. 2003. March, 3. &quot;Mycorrhizas and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems- A Journey Towards Relevance.&quot; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/doi/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00704.x/full<br /> <br /> Richardson, Curtis J. 2010, October 1. &quot;The Everglades: North America's Subtropical Wetland.&quot; http://ll3md4hy6n.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.882004&amp;ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Everglades%3A+North+America%27s+subtropical+wetland&amp;rft.jtitle=Wetlands+Ecology+and+Management&amp;rft.au=Richardson%2C+Curtis+J&amp;rft.date=2010-10-01&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.issn=0923-4861&amp;rft.eissn=1572-9834&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.spage=517&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11273-009-9156-4&amp;rft.externalDBID=BSHEE&amp;rft.externalDocID=238262864&amp;paramdict=en-US<br /> <br /> University of Michigan. 2017. October, 20. &quot;Microbes: Transformers of Matter and Material.&quot; https://globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/microbes/microbes.html<br /> <br /> U.S Department of Interior. 2015. Sept, 28. &quot;What are Wetlands.&quot; https://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/fringe/where.html<br /> <br /> ----<br /> Picture References<br /> <br /> AlexiSeptimus. &quot;Tomato feat. Zygomycota&quot; https://www.deviantart.com/art/Tomato-feat-Zygomycota-51107074<br /> <br /> CSERC. Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center. <br /> http://www.cserc.org/sierra-fun/photo-gallery-northern-yosemite/mushrooms-fungi/?pid=51 <br /> <br /> Egmond, Wim van. &quot;Ciliates.&quot; http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/cilidr.html<br /> <br /> EnchantedLearning.com. Copyright 2001-2016. &quot;Amoeba.&quot; http://www.enchantedlearning.com/paint/subjects/protists/amoeba.shtml<br /> <br /> Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Center. 2015. July, 21. &quot;Characteristics of Living Things.&quot; <br /> https://www.slideshare.net/ERCJPP/characteristics-of-living-things-50750349<br /> <br /> Kayaken. 2017. March, 3. &quot;Awesome Photos Of Nitrogen Cycle Apbio Werle Ecology Ch 50 55&quot; http://big5kayakchallenge.com/photos-of-nitrogen-cycle/awesome-photos-of-nitrogen-cycle-apbio-werle-ecology-ch-50-55/<br /> <br /> Lahr, Dan. 2014. March, 12. &quot;Testate Amoeba CSI.&quot; https://testateamoebaeresearch.wordpress.com/category/dan-lahr/<br /> <br /> Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17. &quot;Mycorrhizae: Boost Plant Growth and Yield.&quot; http://www.mantisplantprotection.com/mycorrhizae-boost-plant-growth-yield/<br /> <br /> Miklos, Claudio. 2011. October, 29. &quot;Euglena Diagram.&quot; https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17172675<br /> <br /> Osti, Robert. &quot;Illustration of Namib Beetle Harvesting Rainwater&quot; https://asknature.org/strategy/water-vapor-harvesting/#jp-carousel-8302<br /> <br /> Rowden, Ashley. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. &quot;Sea floor - Vents and seeps.&quot; Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/diagram/8960/photosynthesis-and-chemosynthesis<br /> <br /> Smith, David. 2014. March, 13. &quot;David Smith Ascomycetes.&quot; http://nefsg.co.uk/portfolio/david-smith-ascomycetes<br /> <br /> Trend Enterprises. &quot;Photosynthesis.&quot; http://www.trendenterprises.com/ProdOneDetail.cfm?ItemId=T-38192&amp;Description=Photosynthesis+Learning+Chart#.WqgbECjwbIU</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Terrestrial_ecology&diff=2058 2018-05-07T18:21:51Z

<p>Njlohret: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Defining and Researching Terrestrial Ecology''' ==<br /> '''''Terrestrial Ecology''''' specifies the relations of organisms and their physical environment on land. Terrestrial Ecology can be further defined through categorization of terrestrial biomes and terrestrial ecosystems. Interaction is the main factor in understanding what is happening in an ecosystem. When studying and researching terrestrial ecosystems look for specific factors that are unique from one another, such as the '''Biotic''' and '''Abiotic''' factors. The interactions between these factors are unique and can help you to understand a particular process and ecosystem, and affect the benefits that humans gain within an ecosystem through [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> = '''Terrestrial Ecosystems vs Terrestrial Biomes''' =<br /> <br /> Terrestrial ecosystems and terrestrial biomes are different from each other. Terrestrial ecosystems can be defined as a community of interaction between many living organisms and nonliving things on land. Terrestrial Biomes can be defined as an area, on land, that can be classified by the animals and plants that live within it. In some cases, there can be a few different ecosystems within a terrestrial biome. This means that biomes are on a larger geographical scale than ecosystems and biomes directly affect or make up the interactions within an ecosystem and the organisms within it. <br /> <br /> [[File:biomes.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Factors of Terrestrial Ecosystems''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> Terrestrial ecosystems can be categorized through ''biotic'' and ''abiotic'' factors. The interactions that occur between biotic and abiotic factors can help us to better understand what is happening within a particular ecosystem and to further classify those factors and the ecosystem itself. Biotic factors or biological factors are the autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers of a particular ecosystem. You may remember these as producers or autotrophs, consumers or heterotrophs, and decomposers or detrivores. These biotic factors evidence the differentiation in ecosystems and biomes, for example and in most cases, an autotroph that typically lives in a cold, wet climate would not be able to survive in a hot, dry climate such as a desert or savanna. Abiotic factors are physical components to a ecosystem and these components affect the biological diversity. In short, abiotic factors directly affect biotic factors. Abiotic factors are the unique aspects of the climate, the weather, the type of soil in the region, and the water within the ecosystem. An example of this may be the type of soil within an ecosystem, whether it is silt, clay,[[loam]], silt loam, sand, sand loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, and etc. A widely accepted method to classifying the type of soil through [[Soil Textures]] and this can present evidence of unique characteristics of [[Soil Structures]] within different ecosystems. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:abiotic.jpg|500px|]] <br /> (Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Center, 2015. July 21)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == '''Biotic Factors''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Autotrophs'''<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> -''Autotrophs'' are organisms that create their own food by converting inorganic compounds into organic compounds. They are primary producers because they reside at the base of the food chain pyramid. There are two types of Autotrophs, '''Chemoautotrophs''' and '''Photoautotrophs'''. <br /> <br /> ''Chemoautotrophs'' are bacteria that create energy with the chemical energy within inorganic compounds. This proccess occurs through &quot;chemosynthesis&quot; or the creation of organic compounds by bacteria and these bacteria use energy from chemical reactions that occur without sunlight. They use inorganic compounds like Carbon Dioxide to create sugars. For example, &quot;Sulfur Reducers&quot; are chemoautotrophs and they use inorganic sulfur compounds as a source of energy. Sulfur reducers can be found in locations that release sulfur such as near vents and active volcanoes on the ocean floor. <br /> Chemoautotrophs are said to be mainly found within the ocean and in the intestines of animals.<br /> <br /> ''Photoautotrophs'' are plants and bacteria that contain &quot;chloroplasts&quot; and chloroplasts are able to create energy by converting energy from photons into chemical energy in sugars or other molecules. This occurs in process of photosynthesis. Photoautotrophs play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems because they are a major provider in energy or food to animals. Plants or photoautotrophs are the primary or base within a food chain pyramid. However there are factors that make each ecosystem unique, so primary or base photoautotrophs will be different within different ecosystems.<br /> <br /> Autotrophs can be differentiated by the type of energy they use. ''Chemoautotrophs'' use '''chemical energy''' and ''Photoautotrophs'' use '''light energy'''.<br /> <br /> [[File:chemoauto.jpg|600px|]]<br /> [[File:photoautos.jpg|500px|]]<br /> (Rowden, Ashley.Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. &quot;Sea floor - Vents and seeps.&quot;)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''Heterotrophs'''<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Heterotrophs'' are living organisms that gain energy and nutrition through consuming other organisms. The organisms form cells and body parts by using nutrients as &quot;building blocks.&quot; [[Animals]] and most microorganisms are heterotrophs that can be classified by the organisms they consume. Humans are considered to be heterotrophs, we rely heavily on other organisms. For example, a large portion to most of our diets, [[Monocots]] are grains such as barley, rice and wheat. These grains are in many of the products we consume on a daily basis and even for every meal such as bread or even rice. Even fruits like coconut, pineapples and dates, can be classified as Monocots. Heterotrophs are secondary and tertiary consumers. <br /> <br /> ''Herbivore'': Organisms that eat plants<br /> <br /> ''Carnivore'': Organisms that eat animals <br /> <br /> ''Omnivore'': Organisms that eat both plant and animals<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Decomposers'' that break down plants or animals can also be considered ''heterotrophic'' based on that they eat other organisms.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Decomposers'''<br /> <br /> &quot;Decomposers,&quot; are organisms who feed on dead plant and animal material and also feed on waste. Decomposers break down and partly digest organic material. This feeding process aids in the maintenance of [[Nutrient Cycling]] and restoration of rich soil. ''Nutrient Cycling'' is the moving of organic and inorganic materials through an ecosystem, to provide nutrients. For example, earthworms feed on live and dead organic material. Earthworm secretions primarily create the organic composition of the &quot;O Horizon,&quot; a layer of organic soil that classifies an ecosystem's Soil [[Properties]]. This was found to be true by Charles Darwin, who studied soil or [[Vegetable Mould]] and its decomposers. The soil properties directly affect the biotic factors within an ecosystem and largely influence the decomposers of the ecosystem. There are three types of decomposers, ''Protists'', ''Fungi'', and ''Bacteria''. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''&quot;Protists,&quot;''' a single celled organism. Protists look for dead insects or other microorganisms to eat. There are four important types of protists: Flagelletes, Naked Amoeba, Testate Amoeba, and Cilliates. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Euglena_diagram.jpg|100px|]] ''Flagelletes'': Very common, eat bacteria and are categorized with the &quot;whip-like&quot; tail they have. <br /> <br /> (Miklos, Claudio. 2011 October, 29)<br /> <br /> [[File:amoeba.jpg|100px|]]''Naked Amoeba'': Less common in dry soil and they eat everything. They look like a splattered, blob of jelly. <br /> <br /> (EnchantedLearning.com, Copyright2001-2016) <br /> <br /> [[File:TestateAmoeba.jpg|100px|]]''Testate Amoeba'': They rapidly reproduce and die. Testate Amoeba are categorized by their &quot;test&quot; or hat-like shell. <br /> <br /> (Lahr, Dan. 2014. March,12)<br /> <br /> [[File:ciliates.jpg|100px|]]''[[Ciliates]]': More common in moist habitats whether its seasonally or constant. Cilliates have a hairy-looking outer ring. <br /> <br /> (Egmond, Wim Van, &quot;Ciliates&quot;)<br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''&quot;Fungi&quot;''' are any single-celled or multi-nucleus organism that decomposes organic material in order to live such as mildew, yeast, mushrooms and mold. Mycorrhizal fungi is a term used to describe a relationship between these &quot;fungi&quot; and plant life. Mycorrhizal fungi release and distribute nitrogen and phosphorus from dead plant material. This release of nitrogen and phosphorus from mycorrhizal fungi are the primary source within terrestrial ecosystems and in the uptake in these nutrients within plants of these ecosystems. Mycorrhizal relationships also offer defense against insects and other organisms that may be looking for a source of nutrients. ''[[Nutrient Cycling]]'' is also known as &quot;Ecological Cycling&quot; and this refers to the processes of recycling resources that sustain all life on Earth such as carbon, nitrogen, water and etc. For example, one of the most vital roles within nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems are the role of Mycorrhizal fungi. AMF or [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], is widely believed to be the first to form a relationship among the first terrestrial plants on Earth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:fungals.jpg]] <br /> (Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Our &quot;true&quot; fungi are ''basidiomycetes'', ''ascomycetes'', and ''zygomycetes'' and these fungi develop relationships with plants which is called mycorrhiza.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:tomato_feat__zygomycota_by_alexiseptimus.jpg|100px|]] ''Zygomycetes'': Grows rapidly on food through hyphal network. <br /> <br /> (AlexiSeptimus)<br /> <br /> [[File:Aleuria-aurantia-2.jpg|100px|]] ''Ascomycetes'': They grow in hyphae and are common in soil and aquatic habitats. <br /> <br /> (Smith, David. 2014 March, 13)<br /> <br /> [[File:emeticrussula.jpg|100px|]]''Basidiomycete''s: They are the most commonly known because they are like our backyard mushrooms and they are important decomposers. <br /> <br /> (CSERC.org)<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> '''&quot;Bacteria&quot;''' are single-celled microbes that are capable of living in almost all types of environments and temperatures. Without bacteria, humans would not exists and this is due to the role bacteria play in productivity within plants. They work to help with the rate of utilization of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen and this is why bacteria are vital for all life. The picture below illustrates nitrogen fixing in the atmosphere. [[Diazotrophs]] are the unique microorganisms such as bacteria and Archaea, who are the only organisms able to incorporate and fix the nitrogen in the atmosphere by producing more nitrogen. The nitrogen becomes more readily available for organisms like autotrophs or plants. <br /> <br /> [[File:8418272.gif|300px|]]<br /> (Kayaken, 2017. March, 3)<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == '''Abiotic Factors''' ==<br /> <br /> '''Climate and Weather:''' The condition of the atmosphere over long geological periods. Weather is the daily conditions of the ecosystem such as temperature, pressure, cloudiness and moisture that make up a biomes climate. Both weather and climate can affect an ecosystem. Climate has a long term affect and only if the climate is changing. Weather has a short term affect on an ecosystem such as daily productiveness. For example, if there is an increase in acidic rain from air pollution, this will directly affect pH level within soils and also kill flora and fauna.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Soil:''' It is the basis of which organisms live at and near the surface of the Earth and similar bodies altered by biological, chemical, and/or physical agents and processes. Soil is, has a high level of [[diversity]]. The soil [[properties]] are widely heterogeneous due to factors like climate, weather, type of organisms, the type of topography, the parent material and the time from which the ecosystem began. Hans Jenny, a natural scientist, furthered this understanding of soil formation through the [[Jenny Equation]], S=F(cl,o,r,p,t....). All are large factors in soil formation and how rich the soil is, and this directly affects biotic factors. This can be further defined through the term [[Pedogenesis]] or soil formation and this term was coined by Hans Jenny. For example, freshwater marshes have a great diversity of organisms and very rich soil. The tundra has a low biodiversity due to its extremely cold weather, climate and poor soil condition. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Water:''' It is a constituent or a part of a whole. Water is vital for living organisms. Water is a factor of an ecosystem because biotic factors adapt to water conditions. The flora or plant life is directly affected by the amount of precipitation and moisture within the soil. The moisture within soil can be greater in areas that have smaller pore spaces and for example, clay holds on to more nutrients and water than sand. One can classify these types of soil through testing the [[Soil Textures]]. Another example, desert fauna, are adapted to life with extreme heat and dry climate. Beetles in particular are forced to wait until there is moisture in the air from fog, and they collect this moisture by running to the top of sand dunes and tipping there backs to the sky. As moisture collects on the back of the beetle, the drops run down into the beetles mouth. The harsh climate of the desert has affected the fauna to adapt to hot and dry climate. <br /> <br /> [[File:Beetlejuice.jpg|400px|]]<br /> (Namib Beetle Illustration. Roberto Osti, Biomechanics)<br /> <br /> == '''Putting It All Together''' ==<br /> <br /> Biome: Grasslands/Wetlands <br /> <br /> Type of Ecosystem: Swamps and Marshes<br /> <br /> Type of Swamp and Marsh: Freshwater <br /> <br /> Climate: Wet, humid season. Dry season. <br /> <br /> Freshwater swamps and marshes are the most productive ecosystems on land. The lower elevation and warm, humid climate creates an ecosystem that is very productive in the simultaneous relationship between biotic and abiotic factors. Marshes resupply groundwater and they manage the flow of water to streams. Marshes play a vital role near &quot;watersheds&quot; by reducing the amount of damage from flooding and this is done through the storing of excess water. Marshes regulate extra sediments and pollutants through decomposition and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms and vegetation feed on the excess nutrients provided by the extra sediments and pollutants such as nitrogen or phosphorous from fertilizers, a very relevant challenge within pollution in agriculture. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna or plants and animals within wetlands. Flora and fauna are the biotic factors within ecosystems or the autotrophs and heterotrophs. The abiotic factors like the humid climate, overly saturated soil, and excess water directly affect the flora and fauna within swamps and marshes. Specifically, freshwater marshes, show the greatest efficiency and productivity for nutrient cycling and converting of resources than any other ecosystem. For example, [[Black Willow]], a type of tree that has roots made for taking in moisture and for living in soil that has a high level of moisture, like the wetlands. Decomposers play a vital role in the nutrient cycling and carbon distribution within a freshwater marsh. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, are most common within fresh water marshes, these decomposers convert a large amount of plant litter or &quot;detritus&quot; into Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen as a result of respiration and nitrogen fixing. Respiration occurs at a more productive rate within wet climates opposed to dry climates. When the fungi develop mycorrhizal relationships with plants, in an ecosystem that is humid and has excess water in the soil, the plants and fungus in theory would be working at a greater level of productivity. With more active plants, come higher levels of nutrients. For herbivores, this can create a competitive ecosystem for both space and nutrients. Many [[insects]] live in swamps and marshes and many feed on plants. The mycorrhizal relationships within swamps and marshes are not only great for nutrient cycling but also defense against these insects. The fungi release spores that can kill the insects trying to eat Another adaptation and protection against abiotic factors, are [[Flavonoids]]. [[Flavonoids]] are within all plants on Earth and they provide protection against UV, Protection against invasive pathogens, and signaling symbiosis. The flora and fauna within an ecosystem have developed adaptations to aid in interaction with both biotic and abiotic factors within their ecosystem. The biotic and abiotic factors have a unique symbiotic relationship that allows organisms to coincide with each other and their environment and this is what makes studying terrestrial ecology so interesting.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Adl, M.S., V.V.S.R. Gupta. 2006, July. &quot;Protists in soil ecology and forest nutrient cycling.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A149615503/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=dff4638c. <br /> <br /> Beacom, Betsy. 2017, April 25. &quot;Food Chains In Deciduous Forests.&quot; https://sciencing.com/food-chains-deciduous-forest-7449795.html<br /> <br /> Blanchfield, Deirdre S. 2011 June, 13. &quot;Biotic community.&quot; http://ic.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=&amp;displayGroupName=Reference&amp;docIndex=&amp;source=&amp;prodId=&amp;mode=view&amp;limiter=&amp;display-query=&amp;contentModules=&amp;action=e&amp;sortBy=&amp;windowstate=normal&amp;currPage=&amp;dviSelectedPage=&amp;scanId=&amp;query=&amp;search_within_results=&amp;p=SCIC&amp;catId=&amp;u=sunybuff_main&amp;displayGroups=&amp;documentId=GALE%7CCV2644151534&amp;activityType=BasicSearch&amp;failOverType=&amp;commentary= <br /> <br /> Blanchfield, Deirdre S. Gale &quot;Detritivores.&quot; 2016. May, 25. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644150372/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=6309b795.<br /> <br /> Biology-online.org. 2015, June 14. &quot;Diazotroph.&quot; https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Diazotroph<br /> <br /> Bragg, O.M. Mineyeva, T Yu. Sirin, A.A. Jones, Peter. 2016, Dec. 14. &quot;Towards Ecosystem-Based Restoration of Peatland Biodiversity.&quot; <br /> http://mires-and-peat.net/media/map19/map_19_01.pdf<br /> <br /> Diffen.com. Diffen LLC.Web.&quot;Autotroph vs Heterotroph.&quot;<br /> https://www.diffen.com/difference/Autotroph_vs_Heterotroph <br /> <br /> EPA. 2017. September, 1. &quot;Wetlands Classification and Types.&quot; https://www.epa.gov/wetlands/wetlands-classification-and-types#marshes<br /> <br /> Freedman, Bill.K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. 2014.&quot;Heterotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644031108/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=d35a52f8.<br /> <br /> Forseth, Irwin N. 2010. &quot;Terrestrial Biomes&quot; https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/terrestrial-biomes-13236757<br /> <br /> Gale, World of Biology. 2006. April, 3. &quot;Heterotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2431500310/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=90cec2db. <br /> <br /> Geyer,Wayne A. Row, John M. 2010, May. &quot;Black Willow.&quot; https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_sani.pdf<br /> <br /> Lerner. K Lee. Lerner. Brenda Wilmoth. 2014 The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. &quot;Autotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644030216/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=14fc9a52.<br /> <br /> National Geographic Society. 2011, January 21. &quot;biome&quot; https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/biome/<br /> <br /> Mack, Steve. 2007. Nov, 1. &quot;How do Bacteria Produce Energy Without Mitochondria.&quot; http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2007-11/1193962676.Mi.r.html<br /> <br /> Moreno, J. Perez. Read. D.J. 2003. March, 3. &quot;Mycorrhizas and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems- A Journey Towards Relevance.&quot; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/doi/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00704.x/full<br /> <br /> Richardson, Curtis J. 2010, October 1. &quot;The Everglades: North America's Subtropical Wetland.&quot; http://ll3md4hy6n.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Everglades%3A+North+America%27s+subtropical+wetland&amp;rft.jtitle=Wetlands+Ecology+and+Management&amp;rft.au=Richardson%2C+Curtis+J&amp;rft.date=2010-10-01&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.issn=0923-4861&amp;rft.eissn=1572-9834&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.spage=517&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11273-009-9156-4&amp;rft.externalDBID=BSHEE&amp;rft.externalDocID=238262864&amp;paramdict=en-US<br /> <br /> University of Michigan. 2017. October, 20. &quot;Microbes: Transformers of Matter and Material.&quot; https://globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/microbes/microbes.html<br /> <br /> U.S Department of Interior. 2015. Sept, 28. &quot;What are Wetlands.&quot; https://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/fringe/where.html<br /> <br /> ----<br /> Picture References<br /> <br /> AlexiSeptimus. &quot;Tomato feat. Zygomycota&quot; https://www.deviantart.com/art/Tomato-feat-Zygomycota-51107074<br /> <br /> CSERC. Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center. <br /> http://www.cserc.org/sierra-fun/photo-gallery-northern-yosemite/mushrooms-fungi/?pid=51 <br /> <br /> Egmond, Wim van. &quot;Ciliates.&quot; http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/cilidr.html<br /> <br /> EnchantedLearning.com. Copyright 2001-2016. &quot;Amoeba.&quot; http://www.enchantedlearning.com/paint/subjects/protists/amoeba.shtml<br /> <br /> Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Center. 2015. July, 21. &quot;Characteristics of Living Things.&quot; <br /> https://www.slideshare.net/ERCJPP/characteristics-of-living-things-50750349<br /> <br /> Kayaken. 2017. March, 3. &quot;Awesome Photos Of Nitrogen Cycle Apbio Werle Ecology Ch 50 55&quot; http://big5kayakchallenge.com/photos-of-nitrogen-cycle/awesome-photos-of-nitrogen-cycle-apbio-werle-ecology-ch-50-55/<br /> <br /> Lahr, Dan. 2014. March, 12. &quot;Testate Amoeba CSI.&quot; https://testateamoebaeresearch.wordpress.com/category/dan-lahr/<br /> <br /> Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17. &quot;Mycorrhizae: Boost Plant Growth and Yield.&quot; http://www.mantisplantprotection.com/mycorrhizae-boost-plant-growth-yield/<br /> <br /> Miklos, Claudio. 2011. October, 29. &quot;Euglena Diagram.&quot; https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17172675<br /> <br /> Osti, Robert. &quot;Illustration of Namib Beetle Harvesting Rainwater&quot; https://asknature.org/strategy/water-vapor-harvesting/#jp-carousel-8302<br /> <br /> Rowden, Ashley. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. &quot;Sea floor - Vents and seeps.&quot; Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/diagram/8960/photosynthesis-and-chemosynthesis<br /> <br /> Smith, David. 2014. March, 13. &quot;David Smith Ascomycetes.&quot; http://nefsg.co.uk/portfolio/david-smith-ascomycetes<br /> <br /> Trend Enterprises. &quot;Photosynthesis.&quot; http://www.trendenterprises.com/ProdOneDetail.cfm?ItemId=T-38192&amp;Description=Photosynthesis+Learning+Chart#.WqgbECjwbIU</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Terrestrial_ecology&diff=1968 2018-05-06T18:06:23Z

<p>Njlohret: /* Putting It All Together */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Defining and Researching Terrestrial Ecology''' ==<br /> '''''Terrestrial Ecology''''' specifies the relations of organisms and their physical environment on land. Terrestrial Ecology can be further defined through categorization of terrestrial biomes and terrestrial ecosystems. Interaction is the main factor in understanding what is happening in an ecosystem. When studying and researching terrestrial ecosystems look for specific factors that are unique from one another, such as the '''Biotic''' and '''Abiotic''' factors. The interactions between these factors are unique and can help you to understand a particular process and ecosystem, and affect the benefits that humans gain within an ecosystem through [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> = '''Terrestrial Ecosystems vs Terrestrial Biomes''' =<br /> <br /> Terrestrial ecosystems and terrestrial biomes are different from each other. Terrestrial ecosystems can be defined as a community of interaction between many living organisms and nonliving things on land. Terrestrial Biomes can be defined as an area, on land, that can be classified by the animals and plants that live within it. In some cases, there can be a few different ecosystems within a terrestrial biome. This means that biomes are on a larger geographical scale than ecosystems and biomes directly affect or make up the interactions within an ecosystem and the organisms within it. <br /> <br /> [[File:biomes.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Factors of Terrestrial Ecosystems''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> Terrestrial ecosystems can be categorized through ''biotic'' and ''abiotic'' factors. The interactions that occur between biotic and abiotic factors can help us to better understand what is happening within a particular ecosystem and to further classify those factors and the ecosystem itself. Biotic factors or biological factors are the autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers of a particular ecosystem. You may remember these as producers or autotrophs, consumers or heterotrophs, and decomposers or detrivores. These biotic factors evidence the differentiation in ecosystems and biomes, for example and in most cases, an autotroph that typically lives in a cold, wet climate would not be able to survive in a hot, dry climate such as a desert or savanna. Abiotic factors are physical components to a ecosystem and these components affect the biological diversity. In short, abiotic factors directly affect biotic factors. Abiotic factors are the unique aspects of the climate, the weather, the type of soil in the region, and the water within the ecosystem. An example of this may be the type of soil within an ecosystem, whether it is silt, clay,[[loam]], silt loam, sand, sand loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, and etc. A widely accepted method to classifying the type of soil through [[Soil Textures]] and this can present evidence of unique characteristics of [[Soil Structures]] within different ecosystems. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:abiotic.jpg|500px|]] <br /> (Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Center, 2015. July 21)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == '''Biotic Factors''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Autotrophs'''<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> -''Autotrophs'' are organisms that create their own food by converting inorganic compounds into organic compounds. They are primary producers because they reside at the base of the food chain pyramid. There are two types of Autotrophs, '''Chemoautotrophs''' and '''Photoautotrophs'''. <br /> <br /> ''Chemoautotrophs'' are bacteria that create energy with the chemical energy within inorganic compounds. This proccess occurs through &quot;chemosynthesis&quot; or the creation of organic compounds by bacteria and these bacteria use energy from chemical reactions that occur without sunlight. They use inorganic compounds like Carbon Dioxide to create sugars. For example, &quot;Sulfur Reducers&quot; are chemoautotrophs and they use inorganic sulfur compounds as a source of energy. Sulfur reducers can be found in locations that release sulfur such as near vents and active volcanoes on the ocean floor. <br /> Chemoautotrophs are said to be mainly found within the ocean and in the intestines of animals.<br /> <br /> ''Photoautotrophs'' are plants and bacteria that contain &quot;chloroplasts&quot; and chloroplasts are able to create energy by converting energy from photons into chemical energy in sugars or other molecules. This occurs in process of photosynthesis. Photoautotrophs play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems because they are a major provider in energy or food to animals. Plants or photoautotrophs are the primary or base within a food chain pyramid. However there are factors that make each ecosystem unique, so primary or base photoautotrophs will be different within different ecosystems.<br /> <br /> Autotrophs can be differentiated by the type of energy they use. ''Chemoautotrophs'' use '''chemical energy''' and ''Photoautotrophs'' use '''light energy'''.<br /> <br /> [[File:chemoauto.jpg|600px|]]<br /> [[File:photoautos.jpg|500px|]]<br /> (Rowden, Ashley.Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. &quot;Sea floor - Vents and seeps.&quot;)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''Heterotrophs'''<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Heterotrophs'' are living organisms that gain energy and nutrition through consuming other organisms. The organisms form cells and body parts by using nutrients as &quot;building blocks.&quot; [[Animals]] and most microorganisms are heterotrophs that can be classified by the organisms they consume. Humans are considered to be heterotrophs, we rely heavily on other organisms. For example, a large portion to most of our diets, [[Monocots]] are grains such as barley, rice and wheat. These grains are in many of the products we consume on a daily basis and even for every meal such as bread or even rice. Even fruits like coconut, pineapples and dates, can be classified as Monocots. Heterotrophs are secondary and tertiary consumers. <br /> <br /> ''Herbivore'': Organisms that eat plants<br /> <br /> ''Carnivore'': Organisms that eat animals <br /> <br /> ''Omnivore'': Organisms that eat both plant and animals<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Decomposers'' that break down plants or animals can also be considered ''heterotrophic'' based on that they eat other organisms.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Decomposers'''<br /> <br /> &quot;Decomposers,&quot; are organisms who feed on dead plant and animal material and also feed on waste. Decomposers break down and partly digest organic material. This feeding process aids in the maintenance of [[Nutrient Cycling]] and restoration of rich soil. ''Nutrient Cycling'' is the moving of organic and inorganic materials through an ecosystem, to provide nutrients. For example, earthworms feed on live and dead organic material. Earthworm secretions primarily create the organic composition of the &quot;O Horizon,&quot; a layer of organic soil that classifies an ecosystem's Soil [[Properties]]. This was found to be true by Charles Darwin, who studied soil or [[Vegetable Mould]] and its decomposers. The soil properties directly affect the biotic factors within an ecosystem and largely influence the decomposers of the ecosystem. There are three types of decomposers, ''Protists'', ''Fungi'', and ''Bacteria''. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''&quot;Protists,&quot;''' a single celled organism. Protists look for dead insects or other microorganisms to eat. There are four important types of protists: Flagelletes, Naked Amoeba, Testate Amoeba, and Cilliates. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Euglena_diagram.jpg|100px|]] ''Flagelletes'': Very common, eat bacteria and are categorized with the &quot;whip-like&quot; tail they have. <br /> <br /> (Miklos, Claudio. 2011 October, 29)<br /> <br /> [[File:amoeba.jpg|100px|]]''Naked Amoeba'': Less common in dry soil and they eat everything. They look like a splattered, blob of jelly. <br /> <br /> (EnchantedLearning.com, Copyright2001-2016) <br /> <br /> [[File:TestateAmoeba.jpg|100px|]]''Testate Amoeba'': They rapidly reproduce and die. Testate Amoeba are categorized by their &quot;test&quot; or hat-like shell. <br /> <br /> (Lahr, Dan. 2014. March,12)<br /> <br /> [[File:ciliates.jpg|100px|]]''[[Ciliates]]': More common in moist habitats whether its seasonally or constant. Cilliates have a hairy-looking outer ring. <br /> <br /> (Egmond, Wim Van, &quot;Ciliates&quot;)<br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''&quot;Fungi&quot;''' are any single-celled or multi-nucleus organism that decomposes organic material in order to live such as mildew, yeast, mushrooms and mold. Mycorrhizal fungi is a term used to describe a relationship between these &quot;fungi&quot; and plant life. Mycorrhizal fungi release and distribute nitrogen and phosphorus from dead plant material. This release of nitrogen and phosphorus from mycorrhizal fungi are the primary source within terrestrial ecosystems and in the uptake in these nutrients within plants of these ecosystems. Mycorrhizal relationships also offer defense against insects and other organisms that may be looking for a source of nutrients. ''[[Nutrient Cycling]]'' is also known as &quot;Ecological Cycling&quot; and this refers to the processes of recycling resources that sustain all life on Earth such as carbon, nitrogen, water and etc. For example, one of the most vital roles within nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems are the role of Mycorrhizal fungi. AMF or [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], is widely believed to be the first to form a relationship among the first terrestrial plants on Earth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:fungals.jpg]] <br /> (Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Our &quot;true&quot; fungi are ''basidiomycetes'', ''ascomycetes'', and ''zygomycetes'' and these fungi develop relationships with plants which is called mycorrhiza.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:tomato_feat__zygomycota_by_alexiseptimus.jpg|100px|]] ''Zygomycetes'': Grows rapidly on food through hyphal network. <br /> <br /> (AlexiSeptimus)<br /> <br /> [[File:Aleuria-aurantia-2.jpg|100px|]] ''Ascomycetes'': They grow in hyphae and are common in soil and aquatic habitats. <br /> <br /> (Smith, David. 2014 March, 13)<br /> <br /> [[File:emeticrussula.jpg|100px|]]''Basidiomycete''s: They are the most commonly known because they are like our backyard mushrooms and they are important decomposers. <br /> <br /> (CSERC.org)<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> '''&quot;Bacteria&quot;''' are single-celled microbes that are capable of living in almost all types of environments and temperatures. Without bacteria, humans would not exists and this is due to the role bacteria play in productivity within plants. They work to help with the rate of utilization of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen and this is why bacteria are vital for all life. The picture below illustrates nitrogen fixing in the atmosphere. [[Diazotrophs]] are the unique microorganisms such as bacteria and Archaea, who are the only organisms able to incorporate and fix the nitrogen in the atmosphere by producing more nitrogen. The nitrogen becomes more readily available for organisms like autotrophs or plants. <br /> <br /> [[File:8418272.gif|300px|]]<br /> (Kayaken, 2017. March, 3)<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == '''Abiotic Factors''' ==<br /> <br /> '''Climate and Weather:''' The condition of the atmosphere over long geological periods. Weather is the daily conditions of the ecosystem such as temperature, pressure, cloudiness and moisture that make up a biomes climate. Both weather and climate can affect an ecosystem. Climate has a long term affect and only if the climate is changing. Weather has a short term affect on an ecosystem such as daily productiveness. For example, if there is an increase in acidic rain from air pollution, this will directly affect pH level within soils and also kill flora and fauna.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Soil:''' It is the basis of which organisms live at and near the surface of the Earth and similar bodies altered by biological, chemical, and/or physical agents and processes. Soil is, has a high level of [[diversity]]. The soil [[properties]] are widely heterogeneous due to factors like climate, weather, type of organisms, the type of topography, the parent material and the time from which the ecosystem began. Hans Jenny, a natural scientist, furthered this understanding of soil formation through the [[Jenny Equation]], S=F(cl,o,r,p,t....). All are large factors in soil formation and how rich the soil is, and this directly affects biotic factors. This can be further defined through the term [[Pedogenesis]] or soil formation and this term was coined by Hans Jenny. For example, freshwater marshes have a great diversity of organisms and very rich soil. The tundra has a low biodiversity due to its extremely cold weather, climate and poor soil condition. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Water:''' It is a constituent or a part of a whole. Water is vital for living organisms. Water is a factor of an ecosystem because biotic factors adapt to water conditions. The flora or plant life is directly affected by the amount of precipitation and moisture within the soil. The moisture within soil can be greater in areas that have smaller pore spaces and for example, clay holds on to more nutrients and water than sand. One can classify these types of soil through testing the [[Soil Textures]]. Another example, desert fauna, are adapted to life with extreme heat and dry climate. Beetles in particular are forced to wait until there is moisture in the air from fog, and they collect this moisture by running to the top of sand dunes and tipping there backs to the sky. As moisture collects on the back of the beetle, the drops run down into the beetles mouth. The harsh climate of the desert has affected the fauna to adapt to hot and dry climate. <br /> <br /> [[File:Beetlejuice.jpg|400px|]]<br /> (Namib Beetle Illustration. Roberto Osti, Biomechanics)<br /> <br /> == '''Putting It All Together''' ==<br /> <br /> Biome: Grasslands/Wetlands <br /> <br /> Type of Ecosystem: Swamps and Marshes<br /> <br /> Type of Swamp and Marsh: Freshwater <br /> <br /> Climate: Wet, humid season. Dry season. <br /> <br /> Freshwater swamps and marshes are the most productive ecosystems on land. The lower elevation and warm, humid climate creates an ecosystem that is very productive in the simultaneous relationship between biotic and abiotic factors. Marshes resupply groundwater and they manage the flow of water to streams. Marshes play a vital role near &quot;watersheds&quot; by reducing the amount of damage from flooding and this is done through the storing of excess water. Marshes regulate extra sediments and pollutants through decomposition and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms and vegetation feed on the excess nutrients provided by the extra sediments and pollutants such as nitrogen or phosphorous from fertilizers, a very relevant challenge within pollution in agriculture. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna or plants and animals within wetlands. Flora and fauna are the biotic factors within ecosystems or the autotrophs and heterotrophs. The abiotic factors like the humid climate, overly saturated soil, and excess water directly affect the flora and fauna within swamps and marshes. Specifically, freshwater marshes, show the greatest efficiency and productivity for nutrient cycling and converting of resources than any other ecosystem. For example, [[Black Willow]], a type of tree that has roots made for taking in moisture and for living in soil that has a high level of moisture, like the wetlands. Decomposers play a vital role in the nutrient cycling and carbon distribution within a freshwater marsh. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, are most common within fresh water marshes, these decomposers convert a large amount of plant litter or &quot;detritus&quot; into Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen as a result of respiration and nitrogen fixing. Respiration occurs at a more productive rate within wet climates opposed to dry climates. When the fungi develop mycorrhizal relationships with plants, in an ecosystem that is humid and has excess water in the soil, the plants and fungus in theory would be working at a greater level of productivity. With more active plants, come higher levels of nutrients. For herbivores, this can create a competitive ecosystem for both space and nutrients. Many [[insects]] live in swamps and marshes and many feed on plants. The mycorrhizal relationships within swamps and marshes are not only great for nutrient cycling but also defense against these insects. The fungi release spores that can kill the insects trying to eat Another adaptation and protection against abiotic factors, are [[Flavonoids]]. [[Flavonoids]] are within all plants on Earth and they provide protection against UV, Protection against invasive pathogens, and signaling symbiosis. The flora and fauna within an ecosystem have developed adaptations to aid in interaction with both biotic and abiotic factors within their ecosystem. The biotic and abiotic factors have a unique symbiotic relationship that allows organisms to coincide with each other and their environment and this is what makes studying terrestrial ecology so interesting.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Adl, M.S., V.V.S.R. Gupta. 2006, July. &quot;Protists in soil ecology and forest nutrient cycling.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A149615503/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=dff4638c. <br /> <br /> Beacom, Betsy. 2017, April 25. &quot;Food Chains In Deciduous Forests.&quot; https://sciencing.com/food-chains-deciduous-forest-7449795.html<br /> <br /> Blanchfield, Deirdre S. 2011 June, 13. &quot;Biotic community.&quot; http://ic.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=&amp;displayGroupName=Reference&amp;docIndex=&amp;source=&amp;prodId=&amp;mode=view&amp;limiter=&amp;display-query=&amp;contentModules=&amp;action=e&amp;sortBy=&amp;windowstate=normal&amp;currPage=&amp;dviSelectedPage=&amp;scanId=&amp;query=&amp;search_within_results=&amp;p=SCIC&amp;catId=&amp;u=sunybuff_main&amp;displayGroups=&amp;documentId=GALE%7CCV2644151534&amp;activityType=BasicSearch&amp;failOverType=&amp;commentary= <br /> <br /> Blanchfield, Deirdre S. Gale &quot;Detritivores.&quot; 2016. May, 25. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644150372/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=6309b795.<br /> <br /> Biology-online.org. 2015, June 14. &quot;Diazotroph.&quot; https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Diazotroph<br /> <br /> Bragg, O.M. Mineyeva, T Yu. Sirin, A.A. Jones, Peter. 2016, Dec. 14. &quot;Towards Ecosystem-Based Restoration of Peatland Biodiversity.&quot; <br /> http://mires-and-peat.net/media/map19/map_19_01.pdf<br /> <br /> Diffen.com. Diffen LLC.Web.&quot;Autotroph vs Heterotroph.&quot;<br /> https://www.diffen.com/difference/Autotroph_vs_Heterotroph <br /> <br /> EPA. 2017. September, 1. &quot;Wetlands Classification and Types.&quot; https://www.epa.gov/wetlands/wetlands-classification-and-types#marshes<br /> <br /> Freedman, Bill.K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. 2014.&quot;Heterotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644031108/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=d35a52f8.<br /> <br /> Forseth, Irwin N. 2010. &quot;Terrestrial Biomes&quot; https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/terrestrial-biomes-13236757<br /> <br /> Gale, World of Biology. 2006. April, 3. &quot;Heterotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2431500310/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=90cec2db. <br /> <br /> Geyer,Wayne A. Row, John M. 2010, May. &quot;Black Willow.&quot; https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_sani.pdf<br /> <br /> <br /> Lerner. K Lee. Lerner. Brenda Wilmoth. 2014 The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. &quot;Autotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644030216/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=14fc9a52.<br /> <br /> National Geographic Society. 2011, January 21. &quot;biome&quot; https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/biome/<br /> <br /> Mack, Steve. 2007. Nov, 1. &quot;How do Bacteria Produce Energy Without Mitochondria.&quot; http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2007-11/1193962676.Mi.r.html<br /> <br /> Moreno, J. Perez. Read. D.J. 2003. March, 3. &quot;Mycorrhizas and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems- A Journey Towards Relevance.&quot; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/doi/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00704.x/full<br /> <br /> Richardson, Curtis J. 2010, October 1. &quot;The Everglades: North America's Subtropical Wetland.&quot; http://ll3md4hy6n.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Everglades%3A+North+America%27s+subtropical+wetland&amp;rft.jtitle=Wetlands+Ecology+and+Management&amp;rft.au=Richardson%2C+Curtis+J&amp;rft.date=2010-10-01&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.issn=0923-4861&amp;rft.eissn=1572-9834&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.spage=517&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11273-009-9156-4&amp;rft.externalDBID=BSHEE&amp;rft.externalDocID=238262864&amp;paramdict=en-US<br /> <br /> University of Michigan. 2017. October, 20. &quot;Microbes: Transformers of Matter and Material.&quot; https://globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/microbes/microbes.html<br /> <br /> U.S Department of Interior. 2015. Sept, 28. &quot;What are Wetlands.&quot; https://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/fringe/where.html<br /> <br /> ----<br /> Picture References<br /> <br /> AlexiSeptimus. &quot;Tomato feat. Zygomycota&quot; https://www.deviantart.com/art/Tomato-feat-Zygomycota-51107074<br /> <br /> CSERC. Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center. <br /> http://www.cserc.org/sierra-fun/photo-gallery-northern-yosemite/mushrooms-fungi/?pid=51 <br /> <br /> Egmond, Wim van. &quot;Ciliates.&quot; http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/cilidr.html<br /> <br /> EnchantedLearning.com. Copyright 2001-2016. &quot;Amoeba.&quot; http://www.enchantedlearning.com/paint/subjects/protists/amoeba.shtml<br /> <br /> Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Center. 2015. July, 21. &quot;Characteristics of Living Things.&quot; <br /> https://www.slideshare.net/ERCJPP/characteristics-of-living-things-50750349<br /> <br /> Kayaken. 2017. March, 3. &quot;Awesome Photos Of Nitrogen Cycle Apbio Werle Ecology Ch 50 55&quot; http://big5kayakchallenge.com/photos-of-nitrogen-cycle/awesome-photos-of-nitrogen-cycle-apbio-werle-ecology-ch-50-55/<br /> <br /> Lahr, Dan. 2014. March, 12. &quot;Testate Amoeba CSI.&quot; https://testateamoebaeresearch.wordpress.com/category/dan-lahr/<br /> <br /> Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17. &quot;Mycorrhizae: Boost Plant Growth and Yield.&quot; http://www.mantisplantprotection.com/mycorrhizae-boost-plant-growth-yield/<br /> <br /> Miklos, Claudio. 2011. October, 29. &quot;Euglena Diagram.&quot; https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17172675<br /> <br /> Osti, Robert. &quot;Illustration of Namib Beetle Harvesting Rainwater&quot; https://asknature.org/strategy/water-vapor-harvesting/#jp-carousel-8302<br /> <br /> Rowden, Ashley. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. &quot;Sea floor - Vents and seeps.&quot; Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/diagram/8960/photosynthesis-and-chemosynthesis<br /> <br /> Smith, David. 2014. March, 13. &quot;David Smith Ascomycetes.&quot; http://nefsg.co.uk/portfolio/david-smith-ascomycetes<br /> <br /> Trend Enterprises. &quot;Photosynthesis.&quot; http://www.trendenterprises.com/ProdOneDetail.cfm?ItemId=T-38192&amp;Description=Photosynthesis+Learning+Chart#.WqgbECjwbIU</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Terrestrial_ecology&diff=1957 2018-05-05T14:32:04Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Defining and Researching Terrestrial Ecology''' ==<br /> '''''Terrestrial Ecology''''' specifies the relations of organisms and their physical environment on land. Terrestrial Ecology can be further defined through categorization of terrestrial biomes and terrestrial ecosystems. Interaction is the main factor in understanding what is happening in an ecosystem. When studying and researching terrestrial ecosystems look for specific factors that are unique from one another, such as the '''Biotic''' and '''Abiotic''' factors. The interactions between these factors are unique and can help you to understand a particular process and ecosystem, and affect the benefits that humans gain within an ecosystem through [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> = '''Terrestrial Ecosystems vs Terrestrial Biomes''' =<br /> <br /> Terrestrial ecosystems and terrestrial biomes are different from each other. Terrestrial ecosystems can be defined as a community of interaction between many living organisms and nonliving things on land. Terrestrial Biomes can be defined as an area, on land, that can be classified by the animals and plants that live within it. In some cases, there can be a few different ecosystems within a terrestrial biome. This means that biomes are on a larger geographical scale than ecosystems and biomes directly affect or make up the interactions within an ecosystem and the organisms within it. <br /> <br /> [[File:biomes.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Factors of Terrestrial Ecosystems''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> Terrestrial ecosystems can be categorized through ''biotic'' and ''abiotic'' factors. The interactions that occur between biotic and abiotic factors can help us to better understand what is happening within a particular ecosystem and to further classify those factors and the ecosystem itself. Biotic factors or biological factors are the autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers of a particular ecosystem. You may remember these as producers or autotrophs, consumers or heterotrophs, and decomposers or detrivores. These biotic factors evidence the differentiation in ecosystems and biomes, for example and in most cases, an autotroph that typically lives in a cold, wet climate would not be able to survive in a hot, dry climate such as a desert or savanna. Abiotic factors are physical components to a ecosystem and these components affect the biological diversity. In short, abiotic factors directly affect biotic factors. Abiotic factors are the unique aspects of the climate, the weather, the type of soil in the region, and the water within the ecosystem. An example of this may be the type of soil within an ecosystem, whether it is silt, clay,[[loam]], silt loam, sand, sand loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, and etc. A widely accepted method to classifying the type of soil through [[Soil Textures]] and this can present evidence of unique characteristics of [[Soil Structures]] within different ecosystems. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:abiotic.jpg|500px|]] <br /> (Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Center, 2015. July 21)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == '''Biotic Factors''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Autotrophs'''<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> -''Autotrophs'' are organisms that create their own food by converting inorganic compounds into organic compounds. They are primary producers because they reside at the base of the food chain pyramid. There are two types of Autotrophs, '''Chemoautotrophs''' and '''Photoautotrophs'''. <br /> <br /> ''Chemoautotrophs'' are bacteria that create energy with the chemical energy within inorganic compounds. This proccess occurs through &quot;chemosynthesis&quot; or the creation of organic compounds by bacteria and these bacteria use energy from chemical reactions that occur without sunlight. They use inorganic compounds like Carbon Dioxide to create sugars. For example, &quot;Sulfur Reducers&quot; are chemoautotrophs and they use inorganic sulfur compounds as a source of energy. Sulfur reducers can be found in locations that release sulfur such as near vents and active volcanoes on the ocean floor. <br /> Chemoautotrophs are said to be mainly found within the ocean and in the intestines of animals.<br /> <br /> ''Photoautotrophs'' are plants and bacteria that contain &quot;chloroplasts&quot; and chloroplasts are able to create energy by converting energy from photons into chemical energy in sugars or other molecules. This occurs in process of photosynthesis. Photoautotrophs play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems because they are a major provider in energy or food to animals. Plants or photoautotrophs are the primary or base within a food chain pyramid. However there are factors that make each ecosystem unique, so primary or base photoautotrophs will be different within different ecosystems.<br /> <br /> Autotrophs can be differentiated by the type of energy they use. ''Chemoautotrophs'' use '''chemical energy''' and ''Photoautotrophs'' use '''light energy'''.<br /> <br /> [[File:chemoauto.jpg|600px|]]<br /> [[File:photoautos.jpg|500px|]]<br /> (Rowden, Ashley.Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. &quot;Sea floor - Vents and seeps.&quot;)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''Heterotrophs'''<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Heterotrophs'' are living organisms that gain energy and nutrition through consuming other organisms. The organisms form cells and body parts by using nutrients as &quot;building blocks.&quot; [[Animals]] and most microorganisms are heterotrophs that can be classified by the organisms they consume. Humans are considered to be heterotrophs, we rely heavily on other organisms. For example, a large portion to most of our diets, [[Monocots]] are grains such as barley, rice and wheat. These grains are in many of the products we consume on a daily basis and even for every meal such as bread or even rice. Even fruits like coconut, pineapples and dates, can be classified as Monocots. Heterotrophs are secondary and tertiary consumers. <br /> <br /> ''Herbivore'': Organisms that eat plants<br /> <br /> ''Carnivore'': Organisms that eat animals <br /> <br /> ''Omnivore'': Organisms that eat both plant and animals<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Decomposers'' that break down plants or animals can also be considered ''heterotrophic'' based on that they eat other organisms.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Decomposers'''<br /> <br /> &quot;Decomposers,&quot; are organisms who feed on dead plant and animal material and also feed on waste. Decomposers break down and partly digest organic material. This feeding process aids in the maintenance of [[Nutrient Cycling]] and restoration of rich soil. ''Nutrient Cycling'' is the moving of organic and inorganic materials through an ecosystem, to provide nutrients. For example, earthworms feed on live and dead organic material. Earthworm secretions primarily create the organic composition of the &quot;O Horizon,&quot; a layer of organic soil that classifies an ecosystem's Soil [[Properties]]. This was found to be true by Charles Darwin, who studied soil or [[Vegetable Mould]] and its decomposers. The soil properties directly affect the biotic factors within an ecosystem and largely influence the decomposers of the ecosystem. There are three types of decomposers, ''Protists'', ''Fungi'', and ''Bacteria''. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''&quot;Protists,&quot;''' a single celled organism. Protists look for dead insects or other microorganisms to eat. There are four important types of protists: Flagelletes, Naked Amoeba, Testate Amoeba, and Cilliates. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Euglena_diagram.jpg|100px|]] ''Flagelletes'': Very common, eat bacteria and are categorized with the &quot;whip-like&quot; tail they have. <br /> <br /> (Miklos, Claudio. 2011 October, 29)<br /> <br /> [[File:amoeba.jpg|100px|]]''Naked Amoeba'': Less common in dry soil and they eat everything. They look like a splattered, blob of jelly. <br /> <br /> (EnchantedLearning.com, Copyright2001-2016) <br /> <br /> [[File:TestateAmoeba.jpg|100px|]]''Testate Amoeba'': They rapidly reproduce and die. Testate Amoeba are categorized by their &quot;test&quot; or hat-like shell. <br /> <br /> (Lahr, Dan. 2014. March,12)<br /> <br /> [[File:ciliates.jpg|100px|]]''[[Ciliates]]': More common in moist habitats whether its seasonally or constant. Cilliates have a hairy-looking outer ring. <br /> <br /> (Egmond, Wim Van, &quot;Ciliates&quot;)<br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''&quot;Fungi&quot;''' are any single-celled or multi-nucleus organism that decomposes organic material in order to live such as mildew, yeast, mushrooms and mold. Mycorrhizal fungi is a term used to describe a relationship between these &quot;fungi&quot; and plant life. Mycorrhizal fungi release and distribute nitrogen and phosphorus from dead plant material. This release of nitrogen and phosphorus from mycorrhizal fungi are the primary source within terrestrial ecosystems and in the uptake in these nutrients within plants of these ecosystems. Mycorrhizal relationships also offer defense against insects and other organisms that may be looking for a source of nutrients. ''[[Nutrient Cycling]]'' is also known as &quot;Ecological Cycling&quot; and this refers to the processes of recycling resources that sustain all life on Earth such as carbon, nitrogen, water and etc. For example, one of the most vital roles within nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems are the role of Mycorrhizal fungi. AMF or [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], is widely believed to be the first to form a relationship among the first terrestrial plants on Earth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:fungals.jpg]] <br /> (Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Our &quot;true&quot; fungi are ''basidiomycetes'', ''ascomycetes'', and ''zygomycetes'' and these fungi develop relationships with plants which is called mycorrhiza.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:tomato_feat__zygomycota_by_alexiseptimus.jpg|100px|]] ''Zygomycetes'': Grows rapidly on food through hyphal network. <br /> <br /> (AlexiSeptimus)<br /> <br /> [[File:Aleuria-aurantia-2.jpg|100px|]] ''Ascomycetes'': They grow in hyphae and are common in soil and aquatic habitats. <br /> <br /> (Smith, David. 2014 March, 13)<br /> <br /> [[File:emeticrussula.jpg|100px|]]''Basidiomycete''s: They are the most commonly known because they are like our backyard mushrooms and they are important decomposers. <br /> <br /> (CSERC.org)<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> '''&quot;Bacteria&quot;''' are single-celled microbes that are capable of living in almost all types of environments and temperatures. Without bacteria, humans would not exists and this is due to the role bacteria play in productivity within plants. They work to help with the rate of utilization of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen and this is why bacteria are vital for all life. The picture below illustrates nitrogen fixing in the atmosphere. [[Diazotrophs]] are the unique microorganisms such as bacteria and Archaea, who are the only organisms able to incorporate and fix the nitrogen in the atmosphere by producing more nitrogen. The nitrogen becomes more readily available for organisms like autotrophs or plants. <br /> <br /> [[File:8418272.gif|300px|]]<br /> (Kayaken, 2017. March, 3)<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == '''Abiotic Factors''' ==<br /> <br /> '''Climate and Weather:''' The condition of the atmosphere over long geological periods. Weather is the daily conditions of the ecosystem such as temperature, pressure, cloudiness and moisture that make up a biomes climate. Both weather and climate can affect an ecosystem. Climate has a long term affect and only if the climate is changing. Weather has a short term affect on an ecosystem such as daily productiveness. For example, if there is an increase in acidic rain from air pollution, this will directly affect pH level within soils and also kill flora and fauna.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Soil:''' It is the basis of which organisms live at and near the surface of the Earth and similar bodies altered by biological, chemical, and/or physical agents and processes. Soil is, has a high level of [[diversity]]. The soil [[properties]] are widely heterogeneous due to factors like climate, weather, type of organisms, the type of topography, the parent material and the time from which the ecosystem began. Hans Jenny, a natural scientist, furthered this understanding of soil formation through the [[Jenny Equation]], S=F(cl,o,r,p,t....). All are large factors in soil formation and how rich the soil is, and this directly affects biotic factors. This can be further defined through the term [[Pedogenesis]] or soil formation and this term was coined by Hans Jenny. For example, freshwater marshes have a great diversity of organisms and very rich soil. The tundra has a low biodiversity due to its extremely cold weather, climate and poor soil condition. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Water:''' It is a constituent or a part of a whole. Water is vital for living organisms. Water is a factor of an ecosystem because biotic factors adapt to water conditions. The flora or plant life is directly affected by the amount of precipitation and moisture within the soil. The moisture within soil can be greater in areas that have smaller pore spaces and for example, clay holds on to more nutrients and water than sand. One can classify these types of soil through testing the [[Soil Textures]]. Another example, desert fauna, are adapted to life with extreme heat and dry climate. Beetles in particular are forced to wait until there is moisture in the air from fog, and they collect this moisture by running to the top of sand dunes and tipping there backs to the sky. As moisture collects on the back of the beetle, the drops run down into the beetles mouth. The harsh climate of the desert has affected the fauna to adapt to hot and dry climate. <br /> <br /> [[File:Beetlejuice.jpg|400px|]]<br /> (Namib Beetle Illustration. Roberto Osti, Biomechanics)<br /> <br /> == '''Putting It All Together''' ==<br /> <br /> Biome: Grasslands/Wetlands <br /> <br /> Type of Ecosystem: Swamps and Marshes<br /> <br /> Type of Swamp and Marsh: Freshwater <br /> <br /> Climate: Wet, humid season. Dry season. <br /> <br /> Freshwater swamps and marshes are the most productive ecosystems on land. The lower elevation and warm, humid climate creates an ecosystem that is very productive in the simultaneous relationship between biotic and abiotic factors. Marshes resupply groundwater and they manage the flow of water to streams. Marshes play a vital role near &quot;watersheds&quot; by reducing the amount of damage from flooding and this is done through the storing of excess water. Marshes regulate extra sediments and pollutants through decomposition and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms and vegetation feed on the excess nutrients provided by the extra sediments and pollutants such as nitrogen or phosphorous from fertilizers, a very relevant challenge within pollution in agriculture. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna or plants and animals within wetlands. Flora and fauna are the biotic factors within ecosystems or the autotrophs and heterotrophs. The abiotic factors like the humid climate, overly saturated soil, and excess water directly affect the flora and fauna within swamps and marshes. Specifically, freshwater marshes, show the greatest efficiency and productivity for nutrient cycling and converting of resources than any other ecosystem. For example, [[Black Willow]], a type of tree that has roots made for taking in moisture and for living in soil that has a high level of moisture, like the wetlands. Decomposers play a vital role in the nutrient cycling and carbon distribution within a freshwater marsh. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, are most common within fresh water marshes, these decomposers convert a large amount of plant litter or &quot;detritus&quot; into Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen as a result of respiration and nitrogen fixing. Respiration occurs at a more productive rate within wet climates opposed to dry climates. When the fungi develop mycorrhizal relationships with plants, in an ecosystem that is humid and has excess water in the soil, the plants and fungus in theory would be working at a greater level of productivity. With more active plants, come higher levels of nutrients. For herbivores, this can create a competitive ecosystem for both space and nutrients. Many insects live in swamps and marshes and many feed on plants. The mycorrhizal relationships within swamps and marshes are not only great for nutrient cycling but also defense against these insects. The fungi release spores that can kill the insects trying to eat Another adaptation and protection against abiotic factors, are [[Flavonoids]]. [[Flavonoids]] are within all plants on Earth and they provide protection against UV, Protection against invasive pathogens, and signaling symbiosis. The flora and fauna within an ecosystem have developed adaptations to aid in interaction with both biotic and abiotic factors within their ecosystem. The biotic and abiotic factors have a unique symbiotic relationship that allows organisms to coincide with each other and their environment and this is what makes studying terrestrial ecology so interesting.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Adl, M.S., V.V.S.R. Gupta. 2006, July. &quot;Protists in soil ecology and forest nutrient cycling.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A149615503/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=dff4638c. <br /> <br /> Beacom, Betsy. 2017, April 25. &quot;Food Chains In Deciduous Forests.&quot; https://sciencing.com/food-chains-deciduous-forest-7449795.html<br /> <br /> Blanchfield, Deirdre S. 2011 June, 13. &quot;Biotic community.&quot; http://ic.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=&amp;displayGroupName=Reference&amp;docIndex=&amp;source=&amp;prodId=&amp;mode=view&amp;limiter=&amp;display-query=&amp;contentModules=&amp;action=e&amp;sortBy=&amp;windowstate=normal&amp;currPage=&amp;dviSelectedPage=&amp;scanId=&amp;query=&amp;search_within_results=&amp;p=SCIC&amp;catId=&amp;u=sunybuff_main&amp;displayGroups=&amp;documentId=GALE%7CCV2644151534&amp;activityType=BasicSearch&amp;failOverType=&amp;commentary= <br /> <br /> Blanchfield, Deirdre S. Gale &quot;Detritivores.&quot; 2016. May, 25. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644150372/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=6309b795.<br /> <br /> Biology-online.org. 2015, June 14. &quot;Diazotroph.&quot; https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Diazotroph<br /> <br /> Bragg, O.M. Mineyeva, T Yu. Sirin, A.A. Jones, Peter. 2016, Dec. 14. &quot;Towards Ecosystem-Based Restoration of Peatland Biodiversity.&quot; <br /> http://mires-and-peat.net/media/map19/map_19_01.pdf<br /> <br /> Diffen.com. Diffen LLC.Web.&quot;Autotroph vs Heterotroph.&quot;<br /> https://www.diffen.com/difference/Autotroph_vs_Heterotroph <br /> <br /> EPA. 2017. September, 1. &quot;Wetlands Classification and Types.&quot; https://www.epa.gov/wetlands/wetlands-classification-and-types#marshes<br /> <br /> Freedman, Bill.K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. 2014.&quot;Heterotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644031108/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=d35a52f8.<br /> <br /> Forseth, Irwin N. 2010. &quot;Terrestrial Biomes&quot; https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/terrestrial-biomes-13236757<br /> <br /> Gale, World of Biology. 2006. April, 3. &quot;Heterotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2431500310/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=90cec2db. <br /> <br /> Geyer,Wayne A. Row, John M. 2010, May. &quot;Black Willow.&quot; https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_sani.pdf<br /> <br /> <br /> Lerner. K Lee. Lerner. Brenda Wilmoth. 2014 The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. &quot;Autotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644030216/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=14fc9a52.<br /> <br /> National Geographic Society. 2011, January 21. &quot;biome&quot; https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/biome/<br /> <br /> Mack, Steve. 2007. Nov, 1. &quot;How do Bacteria Produce Energy Without Mitochondria.&quot; http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2007-11/1193962676.Mi.r.html<br /> <br /> Moreno, J. Perez. Read. D.J. 2003. March, 3. &quot;Mycorrhizas and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems- A Journey Towards Relevance.&quot; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/doi/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00704.x/full<br /> <br /> Richardson, Curtis J. 2010, October 1. &quot;The Everglades: North America's Subtropical Wetland.&quot; http://ll3md4hy6n.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Everglades%3A+North+America%27s+subtropical+wetland&amp;rft.jtitle=Wetlands+Ecology+and+Management&amp;rft.au=Richardson%2C+Curtis+J&amp;rft.date=2010-10-01&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.issn=0923-4861&amp;rft.eissn=1572-9834&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.spage=517&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11273-009-9156-4&amp;rft.externalDBID=BSHEE&amp;rft.externalDocID=238262864&amp;paramdict=en-US<br /> <br /> University of Michigan. 2017. October, 20. &quot;Microbes: Transformers of Matter and Material.&quot; https://globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/microbes/microbes.html<br /> <br /> U.S Department of Interior. 2015. Sept, 28. &quot;What are Wetlands.&quot; https://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/fringe/where.html<br /> <br /> ----<br /> Picture References<br /> <br /> AlexiSeptimus. &quot;Tomato feat. Zygomycota&quot; https://www.deviantart.com/art/Tomato-feat-Zygomycota-51107074<br /> <br /> CSERC. Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center. <br /> http://www.cserc.org/sierra-fun/photo-gallery-northern-yosemite/mushrooms-fungi/?pid=51 <br /> <br /> Egmond, Wim van. &quot;Ciliates.&quot; http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/cilidr.html<br /> <br /> EnchantedLearning.com. Copyright 2001-2016. &quot;Amoeba.&quot; http://www.enchantedlearning.com/paint/subjects/protists/amoeba.shtml<br /> <br /> Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Center. 2015. July, 21. &quot;Characteristics of Living Things.&quot; <br /> https://www.slideshare.net/ERCJPP/characteristics-of-living-things-50750349<br /> <br /> Kayaken. 2017. March, 3. &quot;Awesome Photos Of Nitrogen Cycle Apbio Werle Ecology Ch 50 55&quot; http://big5kayakchallenge.com/photos-of-nitrogen-cycle/awesome-photos-of-nitrogen-cycle-apbio-werle-ecology-ch-50-55/<br /> <br /> Lahr, Dan. 2014. March, 12. &quot;Testate Amoeba CSI.&quot; https://testateamoebaeresearch.wordpress.com/category/dan-lahr/<br /> <br /> Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17. &quot;Mycorrhizae: Boost Plant Growth and Yield.&quot; http://www.mantisplantprotection.com/mycorrhizae-boost-plant-growth-yield/<br /> <br /> Miklos, Claudio. 2011. October, 29. &quot;Euglena Diagram.&quot; https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17172675<br /> <br /> Osti, Robert. &quot;Illustration of Namib Beetle Harvesting Rainwater&quot; https://asknature.org/strategy/water-vapor-harvesting/#jp-carousel-8302<br /> <br /> Rowden, Ashley. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. &quot;Sea floor - Vents and seeps.&quot; Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/diagram/8960/photosynthesis-and-chemosynthesis<br /> <br /> Smith, David. 2014. March, 13. &quot;David Smith Ascomycetes.&quot; http://nefsg.co.uk/portfolio/david-smith-ascomycetes<br /> <br /> Trend Enterprises. &quot;Photosynthesis.&quot; http://www.trendenterprises.com/ProdOneDetail.cfm?ItemId=T-38192&amp;Description=Photosynthesis+Learning+Chart#.WqgbECjwbIU</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Terrestrial_ecology&diff=1956 2018-05-05T14:31:39Z

<p>Njlohret: /* Defining and Researching Terrestrial Ecology */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Defining and Researching Terrestrial Ecology''' ==<br /> '''''Terrestrial Ecology''''' specifies the relations of organisms and their physical environment on land. Terrestrial Ecology can be further defined through categorization of terrestrial biomes and terrestrial ecosystems. Interaction is the main factor in understanding what is happening in an ecosystem. When studying and researching terrestrial ecosystems look for specific factors that are unique from one another, such as the '''Biotic''' and '''Abiotic''' factors. The interactions between these factors are unique and can help you to understand a particular process and ecosystem, and affect the benefits that humans gain within an ecosystem through [[Essential Ecosystem Services]].<br /> <br /> = '''Terrestrial Ecosystems vs Terrestrial Biomes''' =<br /> <br /> Terrestrial ecosystems and terrestrial biomes are different from each other. Terrestrial ecosystems can be defined as a community of interaction between many living organisms and nonliving things on land. Terrestrial Biomes can be defined as an area, on land, that can be classified by the animals and plants that live within it. In some cases, there can be a few different ecosystems within a terrestrial biome. This means that biomes are on a larger geographical scale than ecosystems and biomes directly affect or make up the interactions within an ecosystem and the organisms within it. <br /> <br /> [[File:biomes.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Factors of Terrestrial Ecosystems''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> Terrestrial ecosystems can be categorized through ''biotic'' and ''abiotic'' factors. The interactions that occur between biotic and abiotic factors can help us to better understand what is happening within a particular ecosystem and to further classify those factors and the ecosystem itself. Biotic factors or biological factors are the autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers of a particular ecosystem. You may remember these as producers or autotrophs, consumers or heterotrophs, and decomposers or detrivores. These biotic factors evidence the differentiation in ecosystems and biomes, for example and in most cases, an autotroph that typically lives in a cold, wet climate would not be able to survive in a hot, dry climate such as a desert or savanna. Abiotic factors are physical components to a ecosystem and these components affect the biological diversity. In short, abiotic factors directly affect biotic factors. Abiotic factors are the unique aspects of the climate, the weather, the type of soil in the region, and the water within the ecosystem. An example of this may be the type of soil within an ecosystem, whether it is silt, clay,[[loam]], silt loam, sand, sand loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, and etc. A widely accepted method to classifying the type of soil through [[Soil Textures]] and this can present evidence of unique characteristics of [[Soil Structures]] within different ecosystems. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:abiotic.jpg|500px|]] <br /> (Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Center, 2015. July 21)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == '''Biotic Factors''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Autotrophs'''<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> -''Autotrophs'' are organisms that create their own food by converting inorganic compounds into organic compounds. They are primary producers because they reside at the base of the food chain pyramid. There are two types of Autotrophs, '''Chemoautotrophs''' and '''Photoautotrophs'''. <br /> <br /> ''Chemoautotrophs'' are bacteria that create energy with the chemical energy within inorganic compounds. This proccess occurs through &quot;chemosynthesis&quot; or the creation of organic compounds by bacteria and these bacteria use energy from chemical reactions that occur without sunlight. They use inorganic compounds like Carbon Dioxide to create sugars. For example, &quot;Sulfur Reducers&quot; are chemoautotrophs and they use inorganic sulfur compounds as a source of energy. Sulfur reducers can be found in locations that release sulfur such as near vents and active volcanoes on the ocean floor. <br /> Chemoautotrophs are said to be mainly found within the ocean and in the intestines of animals.<br /> <br /> ''Photoautotrophs'' are plants and bacteria that contain &quot;chloroplasts&quot; and chloroplasts are able to create energy by converting energy from photons into chemical energy in sugars or other molecules. This occurs in process of photosynthesis. Photoautotrophs play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems because they are a major provider in energy or food to animals. Plants or photoautotrophs are the primary or base within a food chain pyramid. However there are factors that make each ecosystem unique, so primary or base photoautotrophs will be different within different ecosystems.<br /> <br /> Autotrophs can be differentiated by the type of energy they use. ''Chemoautotrophs'' use '''chemical energy''' and ''Photoautotrophs'' use '''light energy'''.<br /> <br /> [[File:chemoauto.jpg|600px|]]<br /> [[File:photoautos.jpg|500px|]]<br /> (Rowden, Ashley.Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. &quot;Sea floor - Vents and seeps.&quot;)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''Heterotrophs'''<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Heterotrophs'' are living organisms that gain energy and nutrition through consuming other organisms. The organisms form cells and body parts by using nutrients as &quot;building blocks.&quot; [[Animals]] and most microorganisms are heterotrophs that can be classified by the organisms they consume. Humans are considered to be heterotrophs, we rely heavily on other organisms. For example, a large portion to most of our diets, [[Monocots]] are grains such as barley, rice and wheat. These grains are in many of the products we consume on a daily basis and even for every meal such as bread or even rice. Even fruits like coconut, pineapples and dates, can be classified as Monocots. Heterotrophs are secondary and tertiary consumers. <br /> <br /> ''Herbivore'': Organisms that eat plants<br /> <br /> ''Carnivore'': Organisms that eat animals <br /> <br /> ''Omnivore'': Organisms that eat both plant and animals<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Decomposers'' that break down plants or animals can also be considered ''heterotrophic'' based on that they eat other organisms.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Decomposers'''<br /> <br /> &quot;Decomposers,&quot; are organisms who feed on dead plant and animal material and also feed on waste. Decomposers break down and partly digest organic material. This feeding process aids in the maintenance of [[Nutrient Cycling]] and restoration of rich soil. ''Nutrient Cycling'' is the moving of organic and inorganic materials through an ecosystem, to provide nutrients. For example, earthworms feed on live and dead organic material. Earthworm secretions primarily create the organic composition of the &quot;O Horizon,&quot; a layer of organic soil that classifies an ecosystem's Soil [[Properties]]. This was found to be true by Charles Darwin, who studied soil or [[Vegetable Mould]] and its decomposers. The soil properties directly affect the biotic factors within an ecosystem and largely influence the decomposers of the ecosystem. There are three types of decomposers, ''Protists'', ''Fungi'', and ''Bacteria''. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''&quot;Protists,&quot;''' a single celled organism. Protists look for dead insects or other microorganisms to eat. There are four important types of protists: Flagelletes, Naked Amoeba, Testate Amoeba, and Cilliates. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Euglena_diagram.jpg|100px|]] ''Flagelletes'': Very common, eat bacteria and are categorized with the &quot;whip-like&quot; tail they have. <br /> <br /> (Miklos, Claudio. 2011 October, 29)<br /> <br /> [[File:amoeba.jpg|100px|]]''Naked Amoeba'': Less common in dry soil and they eat everything. They look like a splattered, blob of jelly. <br /> <br /> (EnchantedLearning.com, Copyright2001-2016) <br /> <br /> [[File:TestateAmoeba.jpg|100px|]]''Testate Amoeba'': They rapidly reproduce and die. Testate Amoeba are categorized by their &quot;test&quot; or hat-like shell. <br /> <br /> (Lahr, Dan. 2014. March,12)<br /> <br /> [[File:ciliates.jpg|100px|]]''[[Ciliates]]': More common in moist habitats whether its seasonally or constant. Cilliates have a hairy-looking outer ring. <br /> <br /> (Egmond, Wim Van, &quot;Ciliates&quot;)<br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''&quot;Fungi&quot;''' are any single-celled or multi-nucleus organism that decomposes organic material in order to live such as mildew, yeast, mushrooms and mold. Mycorrhizal fungi is a term used to describe a relationship between these &quot;fungi&quot; and plant life. Mycorrhizal fungi release and distribute nitrogen and phosphorus from dead plant material. This release of nitrogen and phosphorus from mycorrhizal fungi are the primary source within terrestrial ecosystems and in the uptake in these nutrients within plants of these ecosystems. Mycorrhizal relationships also offer defense against insects and other organisms that may be looking for a source of nutrients. ''[[Nutrient Cycling]]'' is also known as &quot;Ecological Cycling&quot; and this refers to the processes of recycling resources that sustain all life on Earth such as carbon, nitrogen, water and etc. For example, one of the most vital roles within nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems are the role of Mycorrhizal fungi. AMF or [[Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi]], is widely believed to be the first to form a relationship among the first terrestrial plants on Earth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:fungals.jpg]] <br /> (Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Our &quot;true&quot; fungi are ''basidiomycetes'', ''ascomycetes'', and ''zygomycetes'' and these fungi develop relationships with plants which is called mycorrhiza.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:tomato_feat__zygomycota_by_alexiseptimus.jpg|100px|]] ''Zygomycetes'': Grows rapidly on food through hyphal network. <br /> <br /> (AlexiSeptimus)<br /> <br /> [[File:Aleuria-aurantia-2.jpg|100px|]] ''Ascomycetes'': They grow in hyphae and are common in soil and aquatic habitats. <br /> <br /> (Smith, David. 2014 March, 13)<br /> <br /> [[File:emeticrussula.jpg|100px|]]''Basidiomycete''s: They are the most commonly known because they are like our backyard mushrooms and they are important decomposers. <br /> <br /> (CSERC.org)<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> '''&quot;Bacteria&quot;''' are single-celled microbes that are capable of living in almost all types of environments and temperatures. Without bacteria, humans would not exists and this is due to the role bacteria play in productivity within plants. They work to help with the rate of utilization of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen and this is why bacteria are vital for all life. The picture below illustrates nitrogen fixing in the atmosphere. [[Diazotrophs]] are the unique microorganisms such as bacteria and Archaea, who are the only organisms able to incorporate and fix the nitrogen in the atmosphere by producing more nitrogen. The nitrogen becomes more readily available for organisms like autotrophs or plants. <br /> <br /> [[File:8418272.gif|300px|]]<br /> (Kayaken, 2017. March, 3)<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == '''Abiotic Factors''' ==<br /> <br /> '''Climate and Weather:''' The condition of the atmosphere over long geological periods. Weather is the daily conditions of the ecosystem such as temperature, pressure, cloudiness and moisture that make up a biomes climate. Both weather and climate can affect an ecosystem. Climate has a long term affect and only if the climate is changing. Weather has a short term affect on an ecosystem such as daily productiveness. For example, if there is an increase in acidic rain from air pollution, this will directly affect pH level within soils and also kill flora and fauna.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Soil:''' It is the basis of which organisms live at and near the surface of the Earth and similar bodies altered by biological, chemical, and/or physical agents and processes. Soil is, has a high level of [[diversity]]. The soil [[properties]] are widely heterogeneous due to factors like climate, weather, type of organisms, the type of topography, the parent material and the time from which the ecosystem began. Hans Jenny, a natural scientist, furthered this understanding of soil formation through the [[Jenny Equation]], S=F(cl,o,r,p,t....). All are large factors in soil formation and how rich the soil is, and this directly affects biotic factors. This can be further defined through the term [[Pedogenesis]] or soil formation and this term was coined by Hans Jenny. For example, freshwater marshes have a great diversity of organisms and very rich soil. The tundra has a low biodiversity due to its extremely cold weather, climate and poor soil condition. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Water:''' It is a constituent or a part of a whole. Water is vital for living organisms. Water is a factor of an ecosystem because biotic factors adapt to water conditions. The flora or plant life is directly affected by the amount of precipitation and moisture within the soil. The moisture within soil can be greater in areas that have smaller pore spaces and for example, clay holds on to more nutrients and water than sand. One can classify these types of soil through testing the [[Soil Textures]]. Another example, desert fauna, are adapted to life with extreme heat and dry climate. Beetles in particular are forced to wait until there is moisture in the air from fog, and they collect this moisture by running to the top of sand dunes and tipping there backs to the sky. As moisture collects on the back of the beetle, the drops run down into the beetles mouth. The harsh climate of the desert has affected the fauna to adapt to hot and dry climate. <br /> <br /> [[File:Beetlejuice.jpg|400px|]]<br /> (Namib Beetle Illustration. Roberto Osti, Biomechanics)<br /> <br /> == '''Putting It All Together''' ==<br /> <br /> Biome: Grasslands/Wetlands <br /> <br /> Type of Ecosystem: Swamps and Marshes<br /> <br /> Type of Swamp and Marsh: Freshwater <br /> <br /> Climate: Wet, humid season. Dry season. <br /> <br /> Freshwater swamps and marshes are the most productive ecosystems on land. The lower elevation and warm, humid climate creates an ecosystem that is very productive in the simultaneous relationship between biotic and abiotic factors. Marshes resupply groundwater and they manage the flow of water to streams. Marshes play a vital role near &quot;watersheds&quot; by reducing the amount of damage from flooding and this is done through the storing of excess water. Marshes regulate extra sediments and pollutants through decomposition and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms and vegetation feed on the excess nutrients provided by the extra sediments and pollutants such as nitrogen or phosphorous from fertilizers, a very relevant challenge within pollution in agriculture. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna or plants and animals within wetlands. Flora and fauna are the biotic factors within ecosystems or the autotrophs and heterotrophs. The abiotic factors like the humid climate, overly saturated soil, and excess water directly affect the flora and fauna within swamps and marshes. Specifically, freshwater marshes, show the greatest efficiency and productivity for nutrient cycling and converting of resources than any other ecosystem. For example, [[Black Willow]], a type of tree that has roots made for taking in moisture and for living in soil that has a high level of moisture, like the wetlands. Decomposers play a vital role in the nutrient cycling and carbon distribution within a freshwater marsh. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, are most common within fresh water marshes, these decomposers convert a large amount of plant litter or &quot;detritus&quot; into Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen as a result of respiration and nitrogen fixing. Respiration occurs at a more productive rate within wet climates opposed to dry climates. When the fungi develop mycorrhizal relationships with plants, in an ecosystem that is humid and has excess water in the soil, the plants and fungus in theory would be working at a greater level of productivity. With more active plants, come higher levels of nutrients. For herbivores, this can create a competitive ecosystem for both space and nutrients. Many insects live in swamps and marshes and many feed on plants. The mycorrhizal relationships within swamps and marshes are not only great for nutrient cycling but also defense against these insects. The fungi release spores that can kill the insects trying to eat Another adaptation and protection against abiotic factors, are [[Flavonoids]]. [[Flavonoids]] are within all plants on Earth and they provide protection against UV, Protection against invasive pathogens, and signaling symbiosis. The flora and fauna within an ecosystem have developed adaptations to aid in interaction with both biotic and abiotic factors within their ecosystem. The biotic and abiotic factors have a unique symbiotic relationship that allows organisms to coincide with each other and their environment and this is what makes studying terrestrial ecology so interesting.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Adl, M.S., V.V.S.R. Gupta. 2006, July. &quot;Protists in soil ecology and forest nutrient cycling.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A149615503/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=dff4638c. <br /> <br /> Beacom, Betsy. 2017, April 25. &quot;Food Chains In Deciduous Forests.&quot; https://sciencing.com/food-chains-deciduous-forest-7449795.html<br /> <br /> Blanchfield, Deirdre S. 2011 June, 13. &quot;Biotic community.&quot; http://ic.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=&amp;displayGroupName=Reference&amp;docIndex=&amp;source=&amp;prodId=&amp;mode=view&amp;limiter=&amp;display-query=&amp;contentModules=&amp;action=e&amp;sortBy=&amp;windowstate=normal&amp;currPage=&amp;dviSelectedPage=&amp;scanId=&amp;query=&amp;search_within_results=&amp;p=SCIC&amp;catId=&amp;u=sunybuff_main&amp;displayGroups=&amp;documentId=GALE%7CCV2644151534&amp;activityType=BasicSearch&amp;failOverType=&amp;commentary= <br /> <br /> Blanchfield, Deirdre S. Gale &quot;Detritivores.&quot; 2016. May, 25. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644150372/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=6309b795.<br /> <br /> Biology-online.org. 2015, June 14. &quot;Diazotroph.&quot; https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Diazotroph<br /> <br /> Bragg, O.M. Mineyeva, T Yu. Sirin, A.A. Jones, Peter. 2016, Dec. 14. &quot;Towards Ecosystem-Based Restoration of Peatland Biodiversity.&quot; <br /> http://mires-and-peat.net/media/map19/map_19_01.pdf<br /> <br /> Diffen.com. Diffen LLC.Web.&quot;Autotroph vs Heterotroph.&quot;<br /> https://www.diffen.com/difference/Autotroph_vs_Heterotroph <br /> <br /> EPA. 2017. September, 1. &quot;Wetlands Classification and Types.&quot; https://www.epa.gov/wetlands/wetlands-classification-and-types#marshes<br /> <br /> Freedman, Bill.K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. 2014.&quot;Heterotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644031108/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=d35a52f8.<br /> <br /> Forseth, Irwin N. 2010. &quot;Terrestrial Biomes&quot; https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/terrestrial-biomes-13236757<br /> <br /> Gale, World of Biology. 2006. April, 3. &quot;Heterotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2431500310/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=90cec2db. <br /> <br /> Geyer,Wayne A. Row, John M. 2010, May. &quot;Black Willow.&quot; https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_sani.pdf<br /> <br /> <br /> Lerner. K Lee. Lerner. Brenda Wilmoth. 2014 The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. &quot;Autotroph.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644030216/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;xid=14fc9a52.<br /> <br /> National Geographic Society. 2011, January 21. &quot;biome&quot; https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/biome/<br /> <br /> Mack, Steve. 2007. Nov, 1. &quot;How do Bacteria Produce Energy Without Mitochondria.&quot; http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2007-11/1193962676.Mi.r.html<br /> <br /> Moreno, J. Perez. Read. D.J. 2003. March, 3. &quot;Mycorrhizas and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems- A Journey Towards Relevance.&quot; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/doi/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00704.x/full<br /> <br /> Richardson, Curtis J. 2010, October 1. &quot;The Everglades: North America's Subtropical Wetland.&quot; http://ll3md4hy6n.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Everglades%3A+North+America%27s+subtropical+wetland&amp;rft.jtitle=Wetlands+Ecology+and+Management&amp;rft.au=Richardson%2C+Curtis+J&amp;rft.date=2010-10-01&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.issn=0923-4861&amp;rft.eissn=1572-9834&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.spage=517&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11273-009-9156-4&amp;rft.externalDBID=BSHEE&amp;rft.externalDocID=238262864&amp;paramdict=en-US<br /> <br /> University of Michigan. 2017. October, 20. &quot;Microbes: Transformers of Matter and Material.&quot; https://globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/microbes/microbes.html<br /> <br /> U.S Department of Interior. 2015. Sept, 28. &quot;What are Wetlands.&quot; https://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/fringe/where.html<br /> <br /> ----<br /> Picture References<br /> <br /> AlexiSeptimus. &quot;Tomato feat. Zygomycota&quot; https://www.deviantart.com/art/Tomato-feat-Zygomycota-51107074<br /> <br /> CSERC. Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center. <br /> http://www.cserc.org/sierra-fun/photo-gallery-northern-yosemite/mushrooms-fungi/?pid=51 <br /> <br /> Egmond, Wim van. &quot;Ciliates.&quot; http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/cilidr.html<br /> <br /> EnchantedLearning.com. Copyright 2001-2016. &quot;Amoeba.&quot; http://www.enchantedlearning.com/paint/subjects/protists/amoeba.shtml<br /> <br /> Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Center. 2015. July, 21. &quot;Characteristics of Living Things.&quot; <br /> https://www.slideshare.net/ERCJPP/characteristics-of-living-things-50750349<br /> <br /> Kayaken. 2017. March, 3. &quot;Awesome Photos Of Nitrogen Cycle Apbio Werle Ecology Ch 50 55&quot; http://big5kayakchallenge.com/photos-of-nitrogen-cycle/awesome-photos-of-nitrogen-cycle-apbio-werle-ecology-ch-50-55/<br /> <br /> Lahr, Dan. 2014. March, 12. &quot;Testate Amoeba CSI.&quot; https://testateamoebaeresearch.wordpress.com/category/dan-lahr/<br /> <br /> Mckee, Shannon. 2017. April, 17. &quot;Mycorrhizae: Boost Plant Growth and Yield.&quot; http://www.mantisplantprotection.com/mycorrhizae-boost-plant-growth-yield/<br /> <br /> Miklos, Claudio. 2011. October, 29. &quot;Euglena Diagram.&quot; https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17172675<br /> <br /> Osti, Robert. &quot;Illustration of Namib Beetle Harvesting Rainwater&quot; https://asknature.org/strategy/water-vapor-harvesting/#jp-carousel-8302<br /> <br /> Rowden, Ashley. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. &quot;Sea floor - Vents and seeps.&quot; Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/diagram/8960/photosynthesis-and-chemosynthesis<br /> <br /> Smith, David. 2014. March, 13. &quot;David Smith Ascomycetes.&quot; http://nefsg.co.uk/portfolio/david-smith-ascomycetes<br /> <br /> Trend Enterprises. &quot;Photosynthesis.&quot; http://www.trendenterprises.com/ProdOneDetail.cfm?ItemId=T-38192&amp;Description=Photosynthesis+Learning+Chart#.WqgbECjwbIU</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1955 2018-05-05T01:16:48Z

<p>Njlohret: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1954 2018-05-05T01:16:14Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1953 2018-05-05T01:15:40Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1952 2018-05-05T01:01:08Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1951 2018-05-05T01:00:44Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1950 2018-05-05T01:00:28Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1949 2018-05-05T01:00:17Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1948 2018-05-05T00:59:49Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1947 2018-05-05T00:59:13Z

<p>Njlohret: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1946 2018-05-05T00:53:45Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1930 2018-05-04T03:06:40Z

<p>Njlohret: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1929 2018-05-04T02:40:57Z

<p>Njlohret: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. Also, spiders have eight legs while most insects have six legs.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1928 2018-05-04T02:34:46Z

<p>Njlohret: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and most have wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. Also, spiders have eight legs while most insects have six legs.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1927 2018-05-04T02:29:37Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy of Insects ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and most have wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. Also, spiders have eight legs while most insects have six legs.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1926 2018-05-04T02:28:59Z

<p>Njlohret: /* What Are Insects? */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Taxonomy ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and most have wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. Also, spiders have eight legs while most insects have six legs.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1925 2018-05-04T02:27:52Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots'''<br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and most have wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. Also, spiders have eight legs while most insects have six legs.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1924 2018-05-04T02:14:00Z

<p>Njlohret: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots == <br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and most have wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. Also, spiders have eight legs while most insects have six legs.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1923 2018-05-04T02:10:39Z

<p>Njlohret: /* What Are Insects? */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots == <br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and most have wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. Also, spiders have eight legs while most insects have six legs.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1922 2018-05-04T02:07:44Z

<p>Njlohret: /* What Are Insects? */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and most have wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. Also, spiders have eight legs while most insects have six legs.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1921 2018-05-03T23:55:02Z

<p>Njlohret: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and most have wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. Also, spiders have eight legs while most insects have six legs.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1880 2018-05-01T23:38:24Z

<p>Njlohret: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and most have wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. Also, spiders have eight legs while most insects have six legs.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1879 2018-05-01T22:59:55Z

<p>Njlohret: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1878 2018-05-01T02:34:59Z

<p>Njlohret: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1877 2018-05-01T02:33:04Z

<p>Njlohret: /* What Are Insects? */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Amae. 2006, May 29. &quot; Large Fuzzy Brown Moth.&quot; https://www.flickr.com/photos/aquamaeanna/399184705?ytcheck=1&amp;new_session=1<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1876 2018-05-01T02:32:20Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Amae. 2006, May 29. &quot; Large Fuzzy Brown Moth.&quot; https://www.flickr.com/photos/aquamaeanna/399184705?ytcheck=1&amp;new_session=1<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1875 2018-05-01T02:31:28Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Amae. 2006, May 29. &quot; Large Fuzzy Brown Moth.&quot; https://www.flickr.com/photos/aquamaeanna/399184705?ytcheck=1&amp;new_session=1<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1874 2018-05-01T02:31:07Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|right|]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Amae. 2006, May 29. &quot; Large Fuzzy Brown Moth.&quot; https://www.flickr.com/photos/aquamaeanna/399184705?ytcheck=1&amp;new_session=1<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=File:Chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg&diff=1873 2018-05-01T02:30:11Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1872 2018-05-01T02:29:52Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Amae. 2006, May 29. &quot; Large Fuzzy Brown Moth.&quot; https://www.flickr.com/photos/aquamaeanna/399184705?ytcheck=1&amp;new_session=1<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1871 2018-05-01T02:22:17Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|-Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:Large brown fuzzy moth _ moth _ ♥amae♥ _ Flickr_files]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Amae. 2006, May 29. &quot; Large Fuzzy Brown Moth.&quot; https://www.flickr.com/photos/aquamaeanna/399184705?ytcheck=1&amp;new_session=1<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1870 2018-05-01T02:21:45Z

<p>Njlohret: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|-Heather Angel]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Amae. 2006, May 29. &quot; Large Fuzzy Brown Moth.&quot; https://www.flickr.com/photos/aquamaeanna/399184705?ytcheck=1&amp;new_session=1<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1869 2018-05-01T02:09:27Z

<p>Njlohret: /* What Are Insects? */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|-Heather Angel]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1857 2018-04-29T23:06:51Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|-Heather Angel]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [1])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1856 2018-04-29T23:06:11Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|200px|-Heather Angel]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [1])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg&diff=1855 2018-04-29T23:05:52Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1854 2018-04-29T23:05:32Z

<p>Njlohret: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|500px|-Heather Angel]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [1])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1853 2018-04-29T23:03:37Z

<p>Njlohret: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:002-beautiful-photographs-of-snails-and-insect-in-the-rain-by-Vadim-Trunov-ant-close-up.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Photographer: [1]Vadim Trunov]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [1])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1852 2018-04-29T16:23:29Z

<p>Njlohret: /* What Are Insects? */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:002-beautiful-photographs-of-snails-and-insect-in-the-rain-by-Vadim-Trunov-ant-close-up.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Photographer: [1]Vadim Trunov]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [1])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture References<br /> <br /> [1] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI<br /> <br /> [1000] Trunov ,Vadim. 2012. Aug, 7. &quot;Beautiful Macro Photos of Snails and Insects in the Rain.&quot; http://amazing-creature.blogspot.com/2012/08/beautiful-macro-photographs-of-snails.html#.Wrha3IjwbIU DONOT USE This picture. Google search title for actual insects.&quot;</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1851 2018-04-29T16:16:56Z

<p>Njlohret: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:002-beautiful-photographs-of-snails-and-insect-in-the-rain-by-Vadim-Trunov-ant-close-up.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Photographer: [1]Vadim Trunov]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the importance of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [1])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture References<br /> <br /> [1] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI<br /> <br /> [1000] Trunov ,Vadim. 2012. Aug, 7. &quot;Beautiful Macro Photos of Snails and Insects in the Rain.&quot; http://amazing-creature.blogspot.com/2012/08/beautiful-macro-photographs-of-snails.html#.Wrha3IjwbIU DONOT USE This picture. Google search title for actual insects.&quot;</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1850 2018-04-29T16:15:40Z

<p>Njlohret: /* What Are Insects? */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:002-beautiful-photographs-of-snails-and-insect-in-the-rain-by-Vadim-Trunov-ant-close-up.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Photographer: [1]Vadim Trunov]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the importance of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [1])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture References<br /> <br /> [1] Trunov ,Vadim. 2012. Aug, 7. &quot;Beautiful Macro Photos of Snails and Insects in the Rain.&quot; http://amazing-creature.blogspot.com/2012/08/beautiful-macro-photographs-of-snails.html#.Wrha3IjwbIU DONOT USE This picture. Google search title for actual insects.&quot;</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1849 2018-04-29T16:14:51Z

<p>Njlohret: /* What Are Insects? */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:002-beautiful-photographs-of-snails-and-insect-in-the-rain-by-Vadim-Trunov-ant-close-up.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Photographer: [1]Vadim Trunov]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the importance of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture References<br /> <br /> [1] Trunov ,Vadim. 2012. Aug, 7. &quot;Beautiful Macro Photos of Snails and Insects in the Rain.&quot; http://amazing-creature.blogspot.com/2012/08/beautiful-macro-photographs-of-snails.html#.Wrha3IjwbIU DONOT USE This picture. Google search title for actual insects.&quot;</div>

Njlohret https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=1848 2018-04-29T16:14:30Z

<p>Njlohret: /* What Are Insects? */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:002-beautiful-photographs-of-snails-and-insect-in-the-rain-by-Vadim-Trunov-ant-close-up.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Photographer: [1]Vadim Trunov]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Entomology, The Study of Insects ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been decomposing or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> == What Are Insects? ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the importance of insects. <br /> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates who also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs and antennae while annelids have no legs nor antennae but possess many body segments. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. <br /> <br /> Understanding that Annelids and Arthropods are different from each other is easy, because earthworms, flatworms and the various species within Annelida don't have legs, where as insects have legs and wings. The characteristics in the paragraph above illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of. <br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothoarx is a combination of both a head and a thorax. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> ----<br /> Picture References<br /> <br /> [1] Trunov ,Vadim. 2012. Aug, 7. &quot;Beautiful Macro Photos of Snails and Insects in the Rain.&quot; http://amazing-creature.blogspot.com/2012/08/beautiful-macro-photographs-of-snails.html#.Wrha3IjwbIU DONOT USE This picture. Google search title for actual insects.&quot;</div>

Njlohret