https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=MchitchcSoil Ecology Wiki - User contributions [en]2026-04-09T03:21:14ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.0https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7327Test page2021-05-11T19:18:48Z<p>Mchitchc: /* sub */</p>
<hr />
<div>==section 1==<br />
===sub===<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br style="clear:left;"/> <br />
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ok<br />
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==section 2==<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7326Test page2021-05-11T19:17:41Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>==section 1==<br />
===sub===<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br style="clear:left;"/> <br />
<br />
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and this<br />
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ok<br />
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<br />
==section 2==<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=New_Zealand_Flatworm&diff=7325New Zealand Flatworm2021-05-11T19:15:00Z<p>Mchitchc: /* Scientific Classification */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:New Zealand flatworm.jpg|thumb|right|''Figure 1: New Zealand Flatworm.'' [11]]]''A. triangulates'', also known as the New Zealand flatworm, is a free-living terrestrial flatworm native to New Zealand. This species of flatworm is considered to be an invasive species in several areas of Europe. It is considered an [[invasive species]] because of its predation over native [[earthworm]]s leading to the decline of [[soil]] fertility. The leading vector of introduction for this [[invasive specie]]s is thought to be the [[horticulture]] and [[agriculture]] trade [1]. There is no documented impacts of ''A. triangulates'' in its native range of New Zealand.<br />
<br />
== Scientific Classification ==<br />
[[File:New zeland faltworm lifecycle.jpg|thumb|left|''Figure 2: Life cycle of the New Zealand Flatworm.'' [10]]] <br />
<br />
{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = New Zealand Flatworm<br />
| kingdom = Metazoa<br />
| phylum = Platyhelminthes<br />
| class = Turbellaria<br />
| order = Tricladida<br />
| family = Geoplanidae<br />
| genus = ''Arthurdendyus''<br />
| species = ''Arthurdendyus triangulates''<br />
}}<br />
<br style="clear:left;"/><br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
Mature ''Arthurdendyus triangulates'' can vary in size from 5 to 20cm based on the extension of the body. It has a flattened body that narrows toward the anterior, with no segmentation [2]. The back (dorsal) side of the flatworm is a darker brown color and the underside (ventral) part of the flatworm is a pale tan color. The body of the flatworm is covered in a mucus that can be used to protect the flatworm from desiccation [3]. These flatworms can be found on the surface of the [[soil]], under debris and other objects that are in contact with the soil, or found beneath the [[soil]] when hunting for food. the species has the ability to survive without food for long durations of time [4]. The species can move up to 17 meters per hour utilizing trails previously made by [[earthworm]]s [4]. They move using circular muscles located beneath the epidermal cells and longitudinal muscles that contract throughout the body.<br />
<br />
== Reproduction ==<br />
This species of flatworm is a hermaphrodite where adults reproduce following mutual fertilization [5]. Proceeding fertilization, ''A. triangulates'' produces a single egg capsule, shown in figure 2, that starts as a red color before turning black. The capsule itself is shiny, flexible and around 8mm in size containing numerous juvenile flatworms [1]. Studies show that a single flatworm can produce an egg capsule once every 2 weeks[5][6].<br />
<br />
== Native range ==<br />
The native range of Arthurdendyus triangulates is the South Island in New Zealand. Its native ecosystem is the southern beech forest soils. In its native range there is no documented effects on native [[earthworm]] populations [1]. This species of flatworms can also be found in [[horticulture]] soils within its native range such as gardens and plant nurseries [7].<br />
<br />
== Invasive Species ==<br />
''Arthurdendyus triangulates'' was first found outside its native range in Belfast, Northern Ireland in the early 1960s. It was thought to have been spread through the ornamental plant trade in both the adult and egg form [3]. The species can now be found in areas of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and the Faroe Islands. Modeling suggests that this flatworm species could thrive if their invasive range were to spread into areas of German, Poland, and Sweden [8]. <br />
<br />
Once introduced into this new range ''Arthurdendyus triangulates'' is shown to reduce the population size and [[diversity]] of native [[earthworm]] species, specifically ''Lumbricus terrestris''[9]. This sepcies uses secreted muscus to assist with the digestion of the [[earthworm]]. This depletion of [[earthworm]] [[biodiversity]] reduces the soil quality by eliminating the [[decomposition]] service provided by the [[earthworm]]s. This has an impact on agricultural services by reducing [[soil fertility]].<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
[1] Blackshaw RP; Stewart VI, 1992. Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy, 1894), a predatory terrestrial planarian and its potential impact on lumbricid earthworms. Agricultural Zoology Reviews, 5:201-219; 45 ref.<br />
<br />
[2] Saul, W.-C., H. E. Roy, O. Booy, L. Carnevali, H.-J. Chen, P. Genovesi, C. A. Harrower, P. E. Hulme, S. Pagad, J. Pergl, and J. M. Jeschke. 2017. Data from: Assessing patterns in introduction pathways of alien species by linking major invasion databases. Dryad.<br />
<br />
[3] Willis R J, Edwards A R, 1977. The occurrence of the land planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) in Northern Ireland. Irish Naturalists' Journal. 112-116.<br />
<br />
[4] Christensen OM; Mather JG, 1995. Colonisation by the land planarian Artioposthia triangulata and impact on lumbricid earthworms at a horticultural site. Pedobiologia, 39(2):144-154.<br />
<br />
[5] Baird J; McDowell SDR; Fairweather I; Murchie AK, 2005. Reproductive structures of Arthurdendyus triangulatus (Dendy): seasonality and the effect of starvation. Pedobiologia, 49(5):435-442. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00314056<br />
<br />
[6] Christensen, O. M. and Mather, J. G. (2001). Long-term study of growth in the New Zealand flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus under laboratory conditions. Pedobiologia, 45(6), 535-549.<br />
<br />
[7] Johns P M, Boag B, Yeates G W, 1998. Observations on the geographic distribution of flatworms (Turbellaria: Rhynchodemidae, Bipaliidae, Geoplanidae) in New Zealand. Pedobiologia. 469-476.<br />
<br />
[8] Boag B; Evans KA; Yeates GW; Johns PM; Neilson R, 1995. Assessment of the global potential distribution of the predatory land planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Tricladida, Terricola) from ecoclimatic data. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 22:311-318.<br />
<br />
[9] Blackshaw RP, 1990. Studies on Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Tricladida: Terricola), a predator of earthworms. Annals of Applied Biology, 116(1):169-176; 6 ref.<br />
<br />
[10] How to Live with Flatworm in a Permaculture Garden - Rubha Phoil and Earth Ways. (n.d.). . https://www.earth-ways.co.uk/how-to-live-with-flatworm-in-a-permaculture-garden/#.YIdEY-hKg2w.<br />
<br />
[11] By Flickr user Rae&#039;s - https://www.flickr.com/photos/35142635@N05/15390553766/in/set-72157647844789000, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39818346</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7324Test page2021-05-11T19:01:14Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>==section 1==<br />
===sub===<br />
<br />
<section><br />
{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}}<br />
</section><br />
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.<br />
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.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
<br />
<br />
==section 2==<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7323Test page2021-05-11T18:59:44Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>==section 1==<br />
===sub===<br />
<br />
<p><br />
{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}}<br />
</p><br />
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<br />
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.<br />
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<br />
<br />
==section 2==<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=New_Zealand_Flatworm&diff=7322New Zealand Flatworm2021-05-11T18:54:15Z<p>Mchitchc: /* Scientific Classification */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:New Zealand flatworm.jpg|thumb|right|''Figure 1: New Zealand Flatworm.'' [11]]]''A. triangulates'', also known as the New Zealand flatworm, is a free-living terrestrial flatworm native to New Zealand. This species of flatworm is considered to be an invasive species in several areas of Europe. It is considered an [[invasive species]] because of its predation over native [[earthworm]]s leading to the decline of [[soil]] fertility. The leading vector of introduction for this [[invasive specie]]s is thought to be the [[horticulture]] and [[agriculture]] trade [1]. There is no documented impacts of ''A. triangulates'' in its native range of New Zealand.<br />
<br />
== Scientific Classification ==<br />
[[File:New zeland faltworm lifecycle.jpg|thumb|left|''Figure 2: Life cycle of the New Zealand Flatworm.'' [10]]] <br />
<br />
{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = New Zealand Flatworm<br />
| kingdom = Metazoa<br />
| phylum = Platyhelminthes<br />
| class = Turbellaria<br />
| order = Tricladida<br />
| family = Geoplanidae<br />
| genus = ''Arthurdendyus''<br />
| species = ''Arthurdendyus triangulates''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
Mature ''Arthurdendyus triangulates'' can vary in size from 5 to 20cm based on the extension of the body. It has a flattened body that narrows toward the anterior, with no segmentation [2]. The back (dorsal) side of the flatworm is a darker brown color and the underside (ventral) part of the flatworm is a pale tan color. The body of the flatworm is covered in a mucus that can be used to protect the flatworm from desiccation [3]. These flatworms can be found on the surface of the [[soil]], under debris and other objects that are in contact with the soil, or found beneath the [[soil]] when hunting for food. the species has the ability to survive without food for long durations of time [4]. The species can move up to 17 meters per hour utilizing trails previously made by [[earthworm]]s [4]. They move using circular muscles located beneath the epidermal cells and longitudinal muscles that contract throughout the body.<br />
<br />
== Reproduction ==<br />
This species of flatworm is a hermaphrodite where adults reproduce following mutual fertilization [5]. Proceeding fertilization, ''A. triangulates'' produces a single egg capsule, shown in figure 2, that starts as a red color before turning black. The capsule itself is shiny, flexible and around 8mm in size containing numerous juvenile flatworms [1]. Studies show that a single flatworm can produce an egg capsule once every 2 weeks[5][6].<br />
<br />
== Native range ==<br />
The native range of Arthurdendyus triangulates is the South Island in New Zealand. Its native ecosystem is the southern beech forest soils. In its native range there is no documented effects on native [[earthworm]] populations [1]. This species of flatworms can also be found in [[horticulture]] soils within its native range such as gardens and plant nurseries [7].<br />
<br />
== Invasive Species ==<br />
''Arthurdendyus triangulates'' was first found outside its native range in Belfast, Northern Ireland in the early 1960s. It was thought to have been spread through the ornamental plant trade in both the adult and egg form [3]. The species can now be found in areas of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and the Faroe Islands. Modeling suggests that this flatworm species could thrive if their invasive range were to spread into areas of German, Poland, and Sweden [8]. <br />
<br />
Once introduced into this new range ''Arthurdendyus triangulates'' is shown to reduce the population size and [[diversity]] of native [[earthworm]] species, specifically ''Lumbricus terrestris''[9]. This sepcies uses secreted muscus to assist with the digestion of the [[earthworm]]. This depletion of [[earthworm]] [[biodiversity]] reduces the soil quality by eliminating the [[decomposition]] service provided by the [[earthworm]]s. This has an impact on agricultural services by reducing [[soil fertility]].<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
[1] Blackshaw RP; Stewart VI, 1992. Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy, 1894), a predatory terrestrial planarian and its potential impact on lumbricid earthworms. Agricultural Zoology Reviews, 5:201-219; 45 ref.<br />
<br />
[2] Saul, W.-C., H. E. Roy, O. Booy, L. Carnevali, H.-J. Chen, P. Genovesi, C. A. Harrower, P. E. Hulme, S. Pagad, J. Pergl, and J. M. Jeschke. 2017. Data from: Assessing patterns in introduction pathways of alien species by linking major invasion databases. Dryad.<br />
<br />
[3] Willis R J, Edwards A R, 1977. The occurrence of the land planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) in Northern Ireland. Irish Naturalists' Journal. 112-116.<br />
<br />
[4] Christensen OM; Mather JG, 1995. Colonisation by the land planarian Artioposthia triangulata and impact on lumbricid earthworms at a horticultural site. Pedobiologia, 39(2):144-154.<br />
<br />
[5] Baird J; McDowell SDR; Fairweather I; Murchie AK, 2005. Reproductive structures of Arthurdendyus triangulatus (Dendy): seasonality and the effect of starvation. Pedobiologia, 49(5):435-442. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00314056<br />
<br />
[6] Christensen, O. M. and Mather, J. G. (2001). Long-term study of growth in the New Zealand flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus under laboratory conditions. Pedobiologia, 45(6), 535-549.<br />
<br />
[7] Johns P M, Boag B, Yeates G W, 1998. Observations on the geographic distribution of flatworms (Turbellaria: Rhynchodemidae, Bipaliidae, Geoplanidae) in New Zealand. Pedobiologia. 469-476.<br />
<br />
[8] Boag B; Evans KA; Yeates GW; Johns PM; Neilson R, 1995. Assessment of the global potential distribution of the predatory land planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Tricladida, Terricola) from ecoclimatic data. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 22:311-318.<br />
<br />
[9] Blackshaw RP, 1990. Studies on Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Tricladida: Terricola), a predator of earthworms. Annals of Applied Biology, 116(1):169-176; 6 ref.<br />
<br />
[10] How to Live with Flatworm in a Permaculture Garden - Rubha Phoil and Earth Ways. (n.d.). . https://www.earth-ways.co.uk/how-to-live-with-flatworm-in-a-permaculture-garden/#.YIdEY-hKg2w.<br />
<br />
[11] By Flickr user Rae&#039;s - https://www.flickr.com/photos/35142635@N05/15390553766/in/set-72157647844789000, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39818346</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7321Test page2021-05-11T18:53:46Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>==section 1==<br />
===sub===<br />
{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}}<br />
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.<br />
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<br />
==section 2==<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7320Test page2021-05-11T18:53:27Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>==section 1==<br />
===sub===<br />
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{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}} <br />
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<br />
==section 2==<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7319Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:53:01Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float:right; margin-left:10px; width:23em; font-size: 90%; text-align:left; " cellpadding="3" <br />
<br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
|}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7318Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:52:37Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left; " cellpadding="3" <br />
<br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
|}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7317Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:52:12Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width: 23em;" cellpadding="3" <br />
<br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
|}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7316Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:51:44Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" cellpadding="3" <br />
<br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
|}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7315Test page2021-05-11T18:44:19Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>==section 1==<br />
===sub===<br />
This is the text that should be to the right of the table<br />
This is the text that should be to the right of the table<br />
This is the text that should be to the right of the table<br />
This is the text that should be to the right of the table<br />
This is the text that should be to the right of the table<br />
This is the text that should be to the right of the table<br />
This is the text that should be to the right of the table<br />
This is the text that should be to the right of the table<br />
{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}} <br />
This should come after<br />
<br />
<br />
==section 2==<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7314Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:43:50Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left; " cellpadding="3" <br />
<br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
|}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7313Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:39:22Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float:right ; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left; " cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7312Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:38:58Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float: auto; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left; " cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7311Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:38:44Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="margin: auto; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left; " cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7310Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:37:30Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0px; " cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7309Test page2021-05-11T18:37:00Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>==section 1==<br />
===sub===<br />
This is the text that should be to the right of the table{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}} <br />
This should come after<br />
<br />
<br />
==section 2==<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7308Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:36:36Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0px; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7307Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:35:55Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float:right; margin-left: 2px; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7306Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:34:32Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float:right; margin-left: 2px;" width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7305Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:34:16Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float:right; margin-left: 2px"; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7304Test page2021-05-11T18:33:28Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>==section 1==<br />
===sub===<br />
This is the text that should be to the right of the table{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==section 2==<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7303Test page2021-05-11T18:32:54Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>==section 1==<br />
===sub===<br />
==={{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}}===<br />
<br />
<br />
==section 2==<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7302Template:Taxonomy2021-05-11T18:32:32Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px"; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | '''{{{common_name|unknown}}}'''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{kingdom}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{phylum}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{class}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{order}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{suborder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{infraorder}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{family}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} [[{{{tribe}}}]] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{genus}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{species}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>[[{{{subspecies}}}]]</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7301Test page2021-05-11T18:23:05Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>==section 1==<br />
<br />
{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==section 2==<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template_talk:Taxonomy&diff=7290Template talk:Taxonomy2021-05-07T21:07:46Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name =<br />
| kingdom =<br />
| phylum =<br />
| class = <br />
| order = <br />
| superorder =<br />
| infraorder = <br />
| family = <br />
| subfamily = <br />
| tribe =<br />
| genus =<br />
| species = <br />
| subspecies = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
To make the levels dynamic the extension parserfunctions will be required. This is pending an email with the admin.<br />
https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:ParserFunctions</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7289Test page2021-05-07T20:55:43Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref>Dragons<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7288Test page2021-05-07T20:54:57Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<ref name=big book of dragons> big book of dragons by the dragon guy 1045CE</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Extracellular_polymeric_substance&diff=7119Extracellular polymeric substance2021-05-07T04:49:11Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
[[File:Mixed-culture biofilm.jpg|thumb|right|EPS binding soil particles taken by an election scanning microscope.<ref>Aalexopo, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biofilm_Formation.jpg.CC BY-SA 3.0</ref> The spherical and tube shapes are soil micorbes and the connecting structure is made out of EPS]]<br />
<br />
''' Overview '''<br />
<br />
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a group of substances exuded by [[microorganisms]] in order to form biofilms. The major components are extracellular polysaccharides (sometimes also called EPS), proteins, DNA, enzymes, lipids, and other biopolymers<ref name=Flemming_2010>Flemming, H.-C., Wingender, J., 2010. The biofilm matrix. Nat Rev Microbiol 8, 623–633. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2415</ref>. EPS accounts for 90% of biofilm dry mass and constitutes the matrix of the biofilm<ref name=Flemming_2010 />. Biofilms are micro-habitats that keep microbes attached to a substrate<ref name=Azeredo_2000> Azeredo, J., Oliveira, R., 2000. The role of exopolymers in the attachment of sphingomonas paucimobilis. Biofouling 16, 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927010009378430</ref>, provide protection from desiccation<ref>Tamaru, Y., Takani, Y., Yoshida, T., Sakamoto, T., 2005. Crucial Role of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Desiccation and Freezing Tolerance in the Terrestrial Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. AEM 71, 7327–7333. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.11.7327-7333.2005</ref><ref name=Roberson_1992>Roberson, E.B., Firestone, M.K., 1992. Relationship between Desiccation and Exopolysaccharide Production in a Soil Pseudomonas sp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, 1284–1291. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.58.4.1284-1291.1992</ref>, and play a key role in [[Nutrient Cycling|nutrient cycling]]<ref name=Flemming_2016>Flemming, H.-C., Wingender, J., Szewzyk, U., Steinberg, P., Rice, S.A., Kjelleberg, S., 2016. Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life. Nat Rev Microbiol 14, 563–575. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2016.94</ref>. EPS is known to alter the structure <ref name=Azeredo_2000 /><ref name=Mager_2011>Mager, D.M., Thomas, A.D., 2011. Extracellular polysaccharides from cyanobacterial soil crusts: A review of their role in dryland [[soil processes]]. Journal of Arid Environments 75, 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.10.001</ref>, hydrology <ref name=Roberson_1992 /><ref name=Morales_2010>Morales, V.L., Parlange, J.-Y., Steenhuis, T.S., 2010. Are preferential flow paths perpetuated by microbial activity in the soil matrix? A review. Journal of Hydrology 393, 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.048</ref><ref name=Or_2007>r, D., Phutane, S., Dechesne, A., 2007. Extracellular Polymeric Substances Affecting Pore-Scale Hydrologic Conditions for Bacterial Activity in Unsaturated Soils. Vadose Zone Journal 6, 298–305. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0080</ref><ref name=Deng_2015>Deng, J., Orner, E.P., Chau, J.F., Anderson, E.M., Kadilak, A.L., Rubinstein, R.L., Bouchillon, G.M., Goodwin, R.A., Gage, D.J., Shor, L.M., 2015. Synergistic effects of soil microstructure and bacterial EPS on drying rate</ref>, and composition <ref name=Mager_2011 /><ref name=Gunina_2015>Gunina, A., Kuzyakov, Y., 2015. Sugars in soil and sweets for microorganisms: Review of origin, content, composition and fate. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 90, 87–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.021</ref><ref name=Costa_2018>Costa, O.Y.A., Raaijmakers, J.M., Kuramae, E.E., 2018. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Ecological Function and Impact on Soil Aggregation. Front. Microbiol. 9, 1636. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01636</ref> of soils. It is important in [[aggregate formation]] and acts as an interface between [[soil]] and plant interactions with microbes. At the soil interface EPS facilitates chemical reactions and transportation of nutrients. At the plant interface EPS acts as the exchange media through which plant exudates and microbial secretions can be exchanged. <br />
<br />
== Functions ==<br />
[[File:fmicb-09-01636-g002.jpg|thumb|left|EPS works at the smallest levels of soil aggregate formation[Costa et al. 2018]]]<br />
===Habitat stability===<br />
The suspected primary role of EPS is to create stable habitat bound to a desired substrate<ref name=Flemming_2016 />. EPS is the matrix structure of biofilms. Biofilms are very effective at retaining water in soils even with very negative water potentials.<ref name=Or_2007 /> This allows microbes to resist desiccation during drought periods. EPS can also stabilize pH and reduce the amount of nutrients lost to runoff by binding to them.<br />
<br />
===Chemical reactions===<br />
EPS provides a stable interface for soil microbes to chemically work on attached substrate and suspended materials. In addition EPS can act as a store of carbon and other nutrients. The binding nature of EPS also helps reduce nutrient loss in soils from runoff.<ref>Lin, D., Ma, W., Jin, Z., Wang, Y., Huang, Q., Cai, P., 2016. Interactions of EPS with soil minerals: A combination study by ITC and CLSM. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 138, 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.026</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:fmicb-09-01636-g001.jpg|thumb|right|Theoretical functions of soil EPS<ref name=Costa_2018 />]]<br />
===Hydrology===<br />
EPS affects evaporation and flow of water directly and through alterations to the functional soil structure. EPS resists evaporation and slows flow by absorbing and binding water tightly. Also, the biofilm structures formed with EPS can cause bioclogging of pores which blocks evaporation and mass flow of water by reducing the hydraulic conductivity<ref name=Deng_2015 /><ref name=Or_2007 />. This slows the overall rate of change in soil moisture content making for a more stable environment. <br />
<br />
===[[Soil Structures]]===<br />
EPS production fills pore space which reduces the effective [[porosity]] of the soil. Also, the swelling shrinking actions of EPS water intake and loss can alter the pore space but there remains a lack of literature differentiating this effect in bulk soil<ref name=Deng_2015 />. <br />
EPS plays a key role in soil [[aggregate formation]] by working as a cementing agent. This has the added effect of reducing soil slaking and increasing overall stability. This added stability can lower erosion rates and decrease nutrient runoff.<br />
<br />
===Plants===<br />
EPS play a role in holding microbes to roots or in the [[rhizosphere]] and act as the medium for symbiotic microbes to exchange nutrients in exchange for root exudates<ref name=Costa_2018 />. The microbes, through the effects of EPS and release of nutrients, stimulate the the exudate release by the roots which introduces fresh carbon sources to the rhizosphere. There is also evidence to suggest EPS assists in salinity tolerance for some plants.<ref name=Ashraf_2004>Ashraf, M., Hasnain, S., Berge, O., Mahmood, T., 2004. Inoculating wheat seedlings with exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria restricts sodium uptake and stimulates plant growth under salt stress. Biol Fertil Soils 40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0766-y</ref><br />
<br />
===Agriculture===<br />
There is growing interest in using EPS producing bacteria in agricultural settings. EPS improves soil particle aggregation which is an issue common to traditional agricultural practices in may parts of the world. Also, EPS producing bacteria improve nutrient availability to plants, increase water stability, and stimulate root growth.<ref name=Costa_2018 /><br />
<br />
==Analysis methods==<br />
Cation exchange resin (CER) extraction is currently considered the best method for accurately extracting EPS from soils.<ref name=Redmile-Gordon_2014>Redmile-Gordon, M.A., Brookes, P.C., Evershed, R.P., Goulding, K.W.T., Hirsch, P.R., 2014. Measuring the soil-microbial interface: Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from soil biofilms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 72, 163–171.</ref>This method shows the highest efficency with the least amount of modification to the original EPS composition when compared to other methods. This method works by replacing cations in the material being sampled. This destabilizes the structure and allows for separation through filtration and/or centrifuge.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Extracellular_polymeric_substance&diff=7118Extracellular polymeric substance2021-05-07T04:12:29Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
[[File:Mixed-culture biofilm.jpg|thumb|right|EPS binding soil particles taken by an election scanning microscope.<ref>Aalexopo, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biofilm_Formation.jpg.CC BY-SA 3.0</ref> The spherical and tube shapes are soil micorbes and the connecting structure is made out of EPS]]<br />
<br />
''' Overview '''<br />
<br />
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a group of substances exuded by [[microorganisms]] in order to form biofilms. The major components are extracellular polysaccharides (sometimes also called EPS), proteins, DNA, enzymes, lipids, and other biopolymers<ref name=Flemming_2010>Flemming, H.-C., Wingender, J., 2010. The biofilm matrix. Nat Rev Microbiol 8, 623–633. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2415</ref>. EPS accounts for 90% of biofilm dry mass and constitutes the matrix of the biofilm<ref name=Flemming_2010 />. Biofilms are micro-habitats that keep microbes attached to a substrate<ref name=Azeredo_2000> Azeredo, J., Oliveira, R., 2000. The role of exopolymers in the attachment of sphingomonas paucimobilis. Biofouling 16, 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927010009378430</ref>, provide protection from desiccation<ref>Tamaru, Y., Takani, Y., Yoshida, T., Sakamoto, T., 2005. Crucial Role of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Desiccation and Freezing Tolerance in the Terrestrial Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. AEM 71, 7327–7333. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.11.7327-7333.2005</ref><ref name=Roberson_1992>Roberson, E.B., Firestone, M.K., 1992. Relationship between Desiccation and Exopolysaccharide Production in a Soil Pseudomonas sp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, 1284–1291. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.58.4.1284-1291.1992</ref>, and play a key role in [[Nutrient Cycling|nutrient cycling]]<ref name=Flemming_2016>Flemming, H.-C., Wingender, J., Szewzyk, U., Steinberg, P., Rice, S.A., Kjelleberg, S., 2016. Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life. Nat Rev Microbiol 14, 563–575. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2016.94</ref>. EPS is known to alter the structure <ref name=Azeredo_2000 /><ref name=Mager_2011>Mager, D.M., Thomas, A.D., 2011. Extracellular polysaccharides from cyanobacterial soil crusts: A review of their role in dryland [[soil processes]]. Journal of Arid Environments 75, 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.10.001</ref>, hydrology <ref name=Roberson_1992 /><ref name=Morales_2010>Morales, V.L., Parlange, J.-Y., Steenhuis, T.S., 2010. Are preferential flow paths perpetuated by microbial activity in the soil matrix? A review. Journal of Hydrology 393, 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.048</ref><ref name=Or_2007>r, D., Phutane, S., Dechesne, A., 2007. Extracellular Polymeric Substances Affecting Pore-Scale Hydrologic Conditions for Bacterial Activity in Unsaturated Soils. Vadose Zone Journal 6, 298–305. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0080</ref><ref name=Deng_2015>Deng, J., Orner, E.P., Chau, J.F., Anderson, E.M., Kadilak, A.L., Rubinstein, R.L., Bouchillon, G.M., Goodwin, R.A., Gage, D.J., Shor, L.M., 2015. Synergistic effects of soil microstructure and bacterial EPS on drying rate</ref>, and composition <ref name=Mager_2011 /><ref name=Gunina_2015>Gunina, A., Kuzyakov, Y., 2015. Sugars in soil and sweets for microorganisms: Review of origin, content, composition and fate. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 90, 87–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.021</ref><ref name=Costa_2018>Costa, O.Y.A., Raaijmakers, J.M., Kuramae, E.E., 2018. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Ecological Function and Impact on Soil Aggregation. Front. Microbiol. 9, 1636. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01636</ref> of soils. It is important in [[aggregate formation]] and acts as an interface between [[soil]] and plant interactions with microbes. At the soil interface EPS facilitates chemical reactions and transportation of nutrients. At the plant interface EPS acts as the exchange media through which plant exudates and microbial secretions can be exchanged. <br />
<br />
== Functions ==<br />
[[File:fmicb-09-01636-g002.jpg|thumb|left|EPS works at the smallest levels of soil aggregate formation[Costa et al. 2018]]]<br />
===Habitat stability===<br />
The suspected primary role of EPS is to create stable habitat bound to a desired substrate<ref name=Flemming_2016 />. EPS is the matrix structure of biofilms. Biofilms are very effective at retaining water in soils even with very negative water potentials.<ref name=Or_2007 /> This allows microbes to resist desiccation during drought periods. EPS can also stabilize pH and reduce the amount of nutrients lost to runoff by binding to them.<br />
<br />
===Chemical reactions===<br />
EPS provides a stable interface for soil microbes to chemically work on attached substrate and suspended materials. In addition EPS itself is a store of carbon and other nutrients. The binding nature of EPS also helps reduce nutrient loss in soils from runoff.<ref>Lin, D., Ma, W., Jin, Z., Wang, Y., Huang, Q., Cai, P., 2016. Interactions of EPS with soil minerals: A combination study by ITC and CLSM. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 138, 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.026</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:fmicb-09-01636-g001.jpg|thumb|right|Theoretical functions of soil EPS<ref name=Costa_2018 />]]<br />
===Hydrology===<br />
EPS resists evaporation by binding the water tightly[]. The biofilms formed with EPS can cause bioclogging of pores which resists evaporation and mass flow of water by reducing the hydraulic conductivity[]. This slows the rate of change in soil moisture content. <br />
<br />
===[[Soil Structures]]===<br />
EPS production fills soil pore space which reduces the effective average pore size[]. For the potential impacts of this see [porosity]. Also, the swelling shrinking actions of EPS water intake and loss can alter the pore space but there remains a lack of literature differentiating this effect in bulk soil<ref name=Deng_2015 />. <br />
EPS plays a key role in soil [[aggregate formation]] by working as a cementing agent. This has the added effect of reducing soil slaking and increasing overall stability. This added stability can lower erosion rates and decrease nutrient runoff.<br />
<br />
===Plants===<br />
EPS can help microbes hold onto roots or in the [[rhizosphere]] and act as the medium for free living [[diazotrophs]] and other moderately symbiotic microbes to exchange nutrients in exchange for root exudates<ref name=Costa_2018 />. There is also evidence to suggest EPS assists in salinity tolerance for some plants.<ref name=Ashraf_2004>Ashraf, M., Hasnain, S., Berge, O., Mahmood, T., 2004. Inoculating wheat seedlings with exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria restricts sodium uptake and stimulates plant growth under salt stress. Biol Fertil Soils 40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0766-y</ref><br />
<br />
===Agriculture===<br />
There is growing interest in using EPS producing bacteria because they improve soil particle aggregation which improves agricultural soil health.<ref name=Costa_2018 /><br />
<br />
==Analysis methods==<br />
Cation exchange resin (CER) is currently considered the best method for accurately extracting EPS from soils.<ref name=Redmile-Gordon_2014>Redmile-Gordon, M.A., Brookes, P.C., Evershed, R.P., Goulding, K.W.T., Hirsch, P.R., 2014. Measuring the soil-microbial interface: Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from soil biofilms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 72, 163–171.</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Soil_hydrology&diff=7117Soil hydrology2021-05-07T03:58:06Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>In the pedosphere, the interaction between [[soil]] composition, soil pore structure and the [[properties]] of water regulate the flow of material and structural properties of the soil. Soil hydrology is the study of this movement and the distribution of water and is a subset of the larger field of [[Hydrogeology]].<br />
[[File:soil_illustration.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Illustration of soil water interacting with and flowing through soil minerals and organic matter.<ref>http://www.fao.org/3/a0072e/a0072e07.htm</ref>]]<br />
<br />
== '''Chemical Properties''' ==<br />
<br />
=== As a solvent ===<br />
The chemical properties of water govern its behavior in the environment and control many key processes occurring in soils as the aqueous phase interacts with [[organisms]], mineral surfaces, and air spaces.As a result of its nonlinear structure and dipole moment, water has a high dielectric constant (80.1 at 20°C).which is a measure of a substance's ability to minimize the force of attraction between oppositely charged species.<br />
This unique property of water also makes it a powerful solvent, allowing it to readily dissolve ionic solids.Water acts to dissipate the attractive force of ions by forming solvation spheres around them. The polar nature of the water molecules allow them to surround and stabilize the charges of both anions and cations, preventing their association.<ref>Sparks, D. L. Environmental Soil Chemistry. 2nd ed. Academic Press, 2003.</ref><ref name=Eisenberg_1969'''Bold text'''>Eisenberg, D. & Kauzmann, W. The Structure and Properties of Water. 296 Oxford University Press, 1969.</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Water_liquor.jpg|300px|thumb|left|]]<br />
<br />
=== PH reguliation ===<br />
Another particularly important chemical property of water that impacts processes occurring within the soil solution is that it is amphoteric, meaning that it can act as either an acid or a base. Due to its polarity, water readily undergoes ionic dissociation into protons and hydroxide ions. Accordingly, when it reacts with a strong base, water acts as an acid, releasing protons; When it reacts with a strong acid, water acts as a base, accepting protons.<br />
<br />
The amphoteric behavior of water facilitates the acid-base chemistry and dictates the potential pH range of aqueous solutions, thereby imparting [[soil pH]] — a "master variable" of soils that influences soil formation, plant growth, and environmental quality.<br />
<br />
The ability of water to stabilize charged species in solution allows it to support the flow of electrons in soils. As such, water helps mediate oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions within the soil solution. Water itself may participate in these processes, and it is a product of cellular respiration in soils. In aerobic soils, water is produced from the oxidation of carbon in organic matter for energy production by [[microorganisms]].<br />
<br />
=='''Physical Properties'''==<br />
<br />
[[File:watersoil.png|200px|thumb|right|]]<br />
<br />
=== Water distribution in soil ===<br />
Liquid water is a key component of the three-phase (solid, liquid, gas) soil system, possibly occupying 50% or more of the total soil volume under saturated conditions. Even under relatively dry conditions, water held at large tensions within soil pores occupies approximately 5–10% of the soil volume. Liquid water is held in soil under tension arising from the adhesive and cohesive forces associated with water's molecular structure.<ref>Hillel, D., 1974. Soil and water. Physical principles and processes.</ref><br />
<br />
The interaction between water and the soil solid matrix is often visualized with a capillary tube model,Liquid water at the water-gas interface exhibits a meniscus. The inward pull of liquid water molecules from hydrogen bonding (cohesion) is unbalanced at the liquid-gas interface, which is referred to as surface tension. In combination with the polar attraction of water molecules for a wettable soil solid matrix (adhesion to the capillary tube wall), this cohesion creates concave curvature. Water rises in the tube to reach equilibrium between the attractive upward force at the interface and the weight of water pulling downward on the meniscus.<ref>Fisher, R.A., 1926. On the capillary forces in an ideal soil; correction of formulae given by W. B. Haines. J. Agric. Sci. 16, 492–505. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600007838</ref><br />
The analog of the capillary tube for soil pores also has been used to understand wetting above the water table and how management practices that alter pore size distribution, such as agricultural tillage, can affect soil's water holding capacity.<br />
<br />
=== Darcy's Law ===<br />
<br />
q=K(\delta)H/L<br />
<br />
The movement of liquids through porous media was first described mathematically by Henry Darcy in 1856.<ref>Darcy, H. (1856). Les fontaines publiques de la ville de Dijon. Paris: Dalmont.</ref>The equation he generated is now known as Darcy's law and is a common feature of soil biogeochemical and hydraulic models. <br />
Darcy's law when applied to soils states that the flux<br />
(q) of water is proportionate to the hydraulic conductivity of the soil (K) and the pressure gradient(\delta H ) for a given cross sectional area and length. This equation has been modified and adapted into various forms since its inception but the foundational law and all of its implications still hold true.<ref>Hillel, D., 1998. Environmental soil physics. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Temperature regulation ===<br />
The prevalence of water within the soil system also drives terrestrial temperature dynamics. When liquid water enters the soil matrix, it displaces the soil gas phase. Water requires a relatively large energy input or loss (heat capacity, 4.18 kJ kg-1 K-1) to change its temperature because of strong interactions (hydrogen bonding) between dipolar water molecules. Alternately, weak inter-molecular interactions in soil gases allow soil temperatures to change readily with a small energy input or loss. Furthermore, because soil water can exist in liquid, gas (vapor) and solid (ice) phases, latent heat loss or gain from soil associated with phase change also impacts the thermal regime. In moist environments with ample soil water, water vapor loss from soil through evaporation requires a large energy input (heat of vaporization, 2449 kJ kg-1) without accompanying temperature change because of the large energy input required to disrupt the hydrogen bonds between liquid water molecules. Similarly, a large latent heat loss is required for soil freezing due to the high heat of fusion (334 kJ kg-1) associated with the more rigid, low-density structure of ice. Thermal properties of water within soil mediate environmental conditions for the biological community and regulate the thermodynamics of biogeochemical reactions.<ref>Campbell, G. S. & Norman, J. M. An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics. Vol. second 286 Springer-Verlag, 1998.</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Soil_hydrology&diff=7116Soil hydrology2021-05-07T03:55:48Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>In the pedosphere, the interaction between [[soil]] composition, soil pore structure and the [[properties]] of water regulate the flow of material and structural properties of the soil. Soil hydrology is the study of this movement and the distribution of water and is a subset of the larger field of [[Hydrogeology]].<br />
[[File:soil_illustration.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Illustration of soil water interacting with and flowing through soil minerals and organic matter.<ref>http://www.fao.org/3/a0072e/a0072e03.jpg</ref>]]<br />
<br />
== '''Chemical Properties''' ==<br />
<br />
=== As a solvent ===<br />
The chemical properties of water govern its behavior in the environment and control many key processes occurring in soils as the aqueous phase interacts with [[organisms]], mineral surfaces, and air spaces.As a result of its nonlinear structure and dipole moment, water has a high dielectric constant (80.1 at 20°C).which is a measure of a substance's ability to minimize the force of attraction between oppositely charged species.<br />
This unique property of water also makes it a powerful solvent, allowing it to readily dissolve ionic solids.Water acts to dissipate the attractive force of ions by forming solvation spheres around them. The polar nature of the water molecules allow them to surround and stabilize the charges of both anions and cations, preventing their association.<ref>Sparks, D. L. Environmental Soil Chemistry. 2nd ed. Academic Press, 2003.</ref><ref name=Eisenberg_1969'''Bold text'''>Eisenberg, D. & Kauzmann, W. The Structure and Properties of Water. 296 Oxford University Press, 1969.</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Water_liquor.jpg|300px|thumb|left|]]<br />
<br />
=== PH reguliation ===<br />
Another particularly important chemical property of water that impacts processes occurring within the soil solution is that it is amphoteric, meaning that it can act as either an acid or a base. Due to its polarity, water readily undergoes ionic dissociation into protons and hydroxide ions. Accordingly, when it reacts with a strong base, water acts as an acid, releasing protons; When it reacts with a strong acid, water acts as a base, accepting protons.<br />
<br />
The amphoteric behavior of water facilitates the acid-base chemistry and dictates the potential pH range of aqueous solutions, thereby imparting [[soil pH]] — a "master variable" of soils that influences soil formation, plant growth, and environmental quality.<br />
<br />
The ability of water to stabilize charged species in solution allows it to support the flow of electrons in soils. As such, water helps mediate oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions within the soil solution. Water itself may participate in these processes, and it is a product of cellular respiration in soils. In aerobic soils, water is produced from the oxidation of carbon in organic matter for energy production by [[microorganisms]].<br />
<br />
=='''Physical Properties'''==<br />
<br />
[[File:watersoil.png|200px|thumb|right|]]<br />
<br />
=== Water distribution in soil ===<br />
Liquid water is a key component of the three-phase (solid, liquid, gas) soil system, possibly occupying 50% or more of the total soil volume under saturated conditions. Even under relatively dry conditions, water held at large tensions within soil pores occupies approximately 5–10% of the soil volume. Liquid water is held in soil under tension arising from the adhesive and cohesive forces associated with water's molecular structure.<ref>Hillel, D., 1974. Soil and water. Physical principles and processes.</ref><br />
<br />
The interaction between water and the soil solid matrix is often visualized with a capillary tube model,Liquid water at the water-gas interface exhibits a meniscus. The inward pull of liquid water molecules from hydrogen bonding (cohesion) is unbalanced at the liquid-gas interface, which is referred to as surface tension. In combination with the polar attraction of water molecules for a wettable soil solid matrix (adhesion to the capillary tube wall), this cohesion creates concave curvature. Water rises in the tube to reach equilibrium between the attractive upward force at the interface and the weight of water pulling downward on the meniscus.<ref>Fisher, R.A., 1926. On the capillary forces in an ideal soil; correction of formulae given by W. B. Haines. J. Agric. Sci. 16, 492–505. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600007838</ref><br />
The analog of the capillary tube for soil pores also has been used to understand wetting above the water table and how management practices that alter pore size distribution, such as agricultural tillage, can affect soil's water holding capacity.<br />
<br />
=== Darcy's Law ===<br />
<br />
q=K(\delta)H/L<br />
<br />
The movement of liquids through porous media was first described mathematically by Henry Darcy in 1856.<ref>Darcy, H. (1856). Les fontaines publiques de la ville de Dijon. Paris: Dalmont.</ref>The equation he generated is now known as Darcy's law and is a common feature of soil biogeochemical and hydraulic models. <br />
Darcy's law when applied to soils states that the flux<br />
(q) of water is proportionate to the hydraulic conductivity of the soil (K) and the pressure gradient(\delta H ) for a given cross sectional area and length. This equation has been modified and adapted into various forms since its inception but the foundational law and all of its implications still hold true.<ref>Hillel, D., 1998. Environmental soil physics. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Temperature regulation ===<br />
The prevalence of water within the soil system also drives terrestrial temperature dynamics. When liquid water enters the soil matrix, it displaces the soil gas phase. Water requires a relatively large energy input or loss (heat capacity, 4.18 kJ kg-1 K-1) to change its temperature because of strong interactions (hydrogen bonding) between dipolar water molecules. Alternately, weak inter-molecular interactions in soil gases allow soil temperatures to change readily with a small energy input or loss. Furthermore, because soil water can exist in liquid, gas (vapor) and solid (ice) phases, latent heat loss or gain from soil associated with phase change also impacts the thermal regime. In moist environments with ample soil water, water vapor loss from soil through evaporation requires a large energy input (heat of vaporization, 2449 kJ kg-1) without accompanying temperature change because of the large energy input required to disrupt the hydrogen bonds between liquid water molecules. Similarly, a large latent heat loss is required for soil freezing due to the high heat of fusion (334 kJ kg-1) associated with the more rigid, low-density structure of ice. Thermal properties of water within soil mediate environmental conditions for the biological community and regulate the thermodynamics of biogeochemical reactions.<ref>Campbell, G. S. & Norman, J. M. An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics. Vol. second 286 Springer-Verlag, 1998.</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=File:Soil_illustration.jpg&diff=7115File:Soil illustration.jpg2021-05-07T03:53:18Z<p>Mchitchc: source:http://www.fao.org/3/a0072e/a0072e03.jpg
license: http://www.fao.org/3/I9461EN/I9461en.pdf</p>
<hr />
<div>source:http://www.fao.org/3/a0072e/a0072e03.jpg<br />
license: http://www.fao.org/3/I9461EN/I9461en.pdf</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Soil_hydrology&diff=7114Soil hydrology2021-05-07T02:56:54Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>In the pedosphere, the interaction between [[soil]] composition, soil pore structure and the [[properties]] of water regulate the flow of material and structural properties of the soil. Soil hydrology is the study of this movement and the distribution of water and is a subset of the larger field of [[Hydrogeology]].<br />
<br />
== '''Chemical Properties''' ==<br />
<br />
=== As a solvent ===<br />
The chemical properties of water govern its behavior in the environment and control many key processes occurring in soils as the aqueous phase interacts with [[organisms]], mineral surfaces, and air spaces.As a result of its nonlinear structure and dipole moment, water has a high dielectric constant (80.1 at 20°C).which is a measure of a substance's ability to minimize the force of attraction between oppositely charged species.<br />
This unique property of water also makes it a powerful solvent, allowing it to readily dissolve ionic solids.Water acts to dissipate the attractive force of ions by forming solvation spheres around them. The polar nature of the water molecules allow them to surround and stabilize the charges of both anions and cations, preventing their association.<ref>Sparks, D. L. Environmental Soil Chemistry. 2nd ed. Academic Press, 2003.</ref><ref name=Eisenberg_1969'''Bold text'''>Eisenberg, D. & Kauzmann, W. The Structure and Properties of Water. 296 Oxford University Press, 1969.</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Water_liquor.jpg|300px|thumb|left|]]<br />
<br />
=== PH reguliation ===<br />
Another particularly important chemical property of water that impacts processes occurring within the soil solution is that it is amphoteric, meaning that it can act as either an acid or a base. Due to its polarity, water readily undergoes ionic dissociation into protons and hydroxide ions. Accordingly, when it reacts with a strong base, water acts as an acid, releasing protons; When it reacts with a strong acid, water acts as a base, accepting protons.<br />
<br />
The amphoteric behavior of water facilitates the acid-base chemistry and dictates the potential pH range of aqueous solutions, thereby imparting [[soil pH]] — a "master variable" of soils that influences soil formation, plant growth, and environmental quality.<br />
<br />
The ability of water to stabilize charged species in solution allows it to support the flow of electrons in soils. As such, water helps mediate oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions within the soil solution. Water itself may participate in these processes, and it is a product of cellular respiration in soils. In aerobic soils, water is produced from the oxidation of carbon in organic matter for energy production by [[microorganisms]].<br />
<br />
=='''Physical Properties'''==<br />
<br />
[[File:watersoil.png|200px|thumb|right|]]<br />
<br />
=== Water distribution in soil ===<br />
Liquid water is a key component of the three-phase (solid, liquid, gas) soil system, possibly occupying 50% or more of the total soil volume under saturated conditions. Even under relatively dry conditions, water held at large tensions within soil pores occupies approximately 5–10% of the soil volume. Liquid water is held in soil under tension arising from the adhesive and cohesive forces associated with water's molecular structure.<ref>Hillel, D., 1974. Soil and water. Physical principles and processes.</ref><br />
<br />
The interaction between water and the soil solid matrix is often visualized with a capillary tube model,Liquid water at the water-gas interface exhibits a meniscus. The inward pull of liquid water molecules from hydrogen bonding (cohesion) is unbalanced at the liquid-gas interface, which is referred to as surface tension. In combination with the polar attraction of water molecules for a wettable soil solid matrix (adhesion to the capillary tube wall), this cohesion creates concave curvature. Water rises in the tube to reach equilibrium between the attractive upward force at the interface and the weight of water pulling downward on the meniscus.<ref>Fisher, R.A., 1926. On the capillary forces in an ideal soil; correction of formulae given by W. B. Haines. J. Agric. Sci. 16, 492–505. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600007838</ref><br />
The analog of the capillary tube for soil pores also has been used to understand wetting above the water table and how management practices that alter pore size distribution, such as agricultural tillage, can affect soil's water holding capacity.<br />
<br />
=== Darcy's Law ===<br />
<br />
q=K(\delta)H/L<br />
<br />
The movement of liquids through porous media was first described mathematically by Henry Darcy in 1856.<ref>Darcy, H. (1856). Les fontaines publiques de la ville de Dijon. Paris: Dalmont.</ref>The equation he generated is now known as Darcy's law and is a common feature of soil biogeochemical and hydraulic models. <br />
Darcy's law when applied to soils states that the flux<br />
(q) of water is proportionate to the hydraulic conductivity of the soil (K) and the pressure gradient(\delta H ) for a given cross sectional area and length. This equation has been modified and adapted into various forms since its inception but the foundational law and all of its implications still hold true.<ref>Hillel, D., 1998. Environmental soil physics. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Temperature regulation ===<br />
The prevalence of water within the soil system also drives terrestrial temperature dynamics. When liquid water enters the soil matrix, it displaces the soil gas phase. Water requires a relatively large energy input or loss (heat capacity, 4.18 kJ kg-1 K-1) to change its temperature because of strong interactions (hydrogen bonding) between dipolar water molecules. Alternately, weak inter-molecular interactions in soil gases allow soil temperatures to change readily with a small energy input or loss. Furthermore, because soil water can exist in liquid, gas (vapor) and solid (ice) phases, latent heat loss or gain from soil associated with phase change also impacts the thermal regime. In moist environments with ample soil water, water vapor loss from soil through evaporation requires a large energy input (heat of vaporization, 2449 kJ kg-1) without accompanying temperature change because of the large energy input required to disrupt the hydrogen bonds between liquid water molecules. Similarly, a large latent heat loss is required for soil freezing due to the high heat of fusion (334 kJ kg-1) associated with the more rigid, low-density structure of ice. Thermal properties of water within soil mediate environmental conditions for the biological community and regulate the thermodynamics of biogeochemical reactions.<ref>Campbell, G. S. & Norman, J. M. An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics. Vol. second 286 Springer-Verlag, 1998.</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Talk:Soil_hydrology&diff=7069Talk:Soil hydrology2021-05-06T21:09:14Z<p>Mchitchc: Created page with "Content transferred from original page "Water Behavior in Soils" by @Yuanshao to better match with standard terminology. Old page will auto-redirect to here."</p>
<hr />
<div>Content transferred from original page "Water Behavior in Soils" by @Yuanshao<br />
to better match with standard terminology. Old page will auto-redirect to here.</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Water_Behavior_in_Soils&diff=7068Water Behavior in Soils2021-05-06T20:53:22Z<p>Mchitchc: Redirected page to Soil hydrology</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Soil hydrology]]</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Water_Behavior_in_Soils&diff=7067Water Behavior in Soils2021-05-06T20:53:02Z<p>Mchitchc: Redirected page to Pagename</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[pagename]]</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Soil_hydrology&diff=7066Soil hydrology2021-05-06T20:52:56Z<p>Mchitchc: Created page with "In the pedosphere, the physical and chemical properties of water regulate the flow of energy and solutes, making soil water a crucial component of terrestrial ecosyste..."</p>
<hr />
<div>In the pedosphere, the physical and chemical [[properties]] of water regulate the flow of energy and solutes, making [[soil]] water a crucial component of terrestrial ecosystems. Many of the familiar properties of water that result in its behavior in soils can be directly related to its molecular structure.<br />
<br />
== '''Chemical Properties''' ==<br />
<br />
=== As a solvent ===<br />
The chemical properties of water govern its behavior in the environment and control many key processes occurring in soils as the aqueous phase interacts with [[organisms]], mineral surfaces, and air spaces.As a result of its nonlinear structure and dipole moment, water has a high dielectric constant (80.1 at 20°C).which is a measure of a substance's ability to minimize the force of attraction between oppositely charged species.<br />
This unique property of water also makes it a powerful solvent, allowing it to readily dissolve ionic solids.Water acts to dissipate the attractive force of ions by forming solvation spheres around them. The polar nature of the water molecules allow them to surround and stabilize the charges of both anions and cations, preventing their association.<br />
<br />
[[File:Water_liquor.jpg|300px|thumb|right|]]<br />
<br />
=== PH reguliation ===<br />
Another particularly important chemical property of water that impacts processes occurring within the soil solution is that it is amphoteric, meaning that it can act as either an acid or a base. Due to its polarity, water readily undergoes ionic dissociation into protons and hydroxide ions. Accordingly, when it reacts with a strong base, water acts as an acid, releasing protons; When it reacts with a strong acid, water acts as a base, accepting protons.<br />
<br />
The amphoteric behavior of water facilitates the acid-base chemistry and dictates the potential pH range of aqueous solutions, thereby imparting [[soil pH]] — a "master variable" of soils that influences soil formation, plant growth, and environmental quality.<br />
<br />
The ability of water to stabilize charged species in solution allows it to support the flow of electrons in soils. As such, water helps mediate oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions within the soil solution. Water itself may participate in these processes, and it is a product of cellular respiration in soils. In aerobic soils, water is produced from the oxidation of carbon in organic matter for energy production by [[microorganisms]].<br />
<br />
=='''Physical Properties'''==<br />
<br />
[[File:watersoil.png|200px|thumb|left|]]<br />
<br />
=== Water distribution in soil ===<br />
Liquid water is a key component of the three-phase (solid, liquid, gas) soil system, possibly occupying 50% or more of the total soil volume under saturated conditions. Even under relatively dry conditions, water held at large tensions within soil pores occupies approximately 5–10% of the soil volume.Liquid water is held in soil under tension arising from the adhesive and cohesive forces associated with water's molecular structure<br />
<br />
[[File:Tube.png|300px|thumb|right|]]<br />
The interaction between water and the soil solid matrix is often visualized with a capillary tube model,Liquid water at the water-gas interface exhibits a meniscus. The inward pull of liquid water molecules from hydrogen bonding (cohesion) is unbalanced at the liquid-gas interface, which is referred to as surface tension. In combination with the polar attraction of water molecules for a wettable soil solid matrix (adhesion to the capillary tube wall), this cohesion creates concave curvature. Water rises in the tube to reach equilibrium between the attractive upward force at the interface and the weight of water pulling downward on the meniscus.<br />
The analog of the capillary tube for soil pores also has been used to understand wetting above the water table and how management practices that alter pore size distribution, such as agricultural tillage, can affect soil's water holding capacity.<br />
<br />
=== Temperature regulation ===<br />
The prevalence of water within the soil system also drives terrestrial temperature dynamics. When liquid water enters the soil matrix, it displaces the soil gas phase. Water requires a relatively large energy input or loss (heat capacity, 4.18 kJ kg-1 K-1) to change its temperature because of strong interactions (hydrogen bonding) between dipolar water molecules. Alternately, weak intermolecular interactions in soil gases allow soil temperatures to change readily with a small energy input or loss. Furthermore, because soil water can exist in liquid, gas (vapor) and solid (ice) phases, latent heat loss or gain from soil associated with phase change also impacts the thermal regime. In moist environments with ample soil water, water vapor loss from soil through evaporation requires a large energy input (heat of vaporization, 2449 kJ kg-1) without accompanying temperature change because of the large energy input required to disrupt the hydrogen bonds between liquid water molecules. Similarly, a large latent heat loss is required for soil freezing due to the high heat of fusion (334 kJ kg-1) associated with the more rigid, low-density structure of ice. Thermal properties of water within soil mediate environmental conditions for the biological community and regulate the thermodynamics of biogeochemical reactions.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=='''References'''==<br />
[1]Eisenberg, D. & Kauzmann, W. The Structure and Properties of Water. 296 Oxford University Press, 1969.<br />
<br />
[2]Sparks, D. L. Environmental Soil Chemistry. 2nd ed. Academic Press, 2003.<br />
<br />
[3]Frank, H. S. in Water: A Comprehensive Treatise Vol. 1 (ed F. Franks) Ch. 14, 515-543 Plenum, 1972.<br />
<br />
[4]Campbell, G. S. & Norman, J. M. An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics. Vol. second 286 Springer-Verlag, 1998.</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7065Template:Taxonomy2021-05-06T20:44:00Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
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{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7064Template:Taxonomy2021-05-06T20:42:39Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
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{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7063Template:Taxonomy2021-05-06T20:41:21Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
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{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7062Template:Taxonomy2021-05-06T20:39:45Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
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{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7061Template:Taxonomy2021-05-06T20:38:52Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float: {{{align|right}}}; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | ''{{{common_name|unknown}}}''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} [{{{kingdom}}}] | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} {{{phylum}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} {{{class}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} {{{order}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} {{{suborder}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} {{{infraorder}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} {{{family}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} {{{family}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} {{{tribe}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{genus}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{species}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{subspecies}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7060Template:Taxonomy2021-05-06T20:38:04Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float: {{{align|right}}}; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC;" class="summary" | ''{{{common_name|unknown}}}''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} {{{kingdom}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} {{{phylum}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} {{{class}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} {{{order}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} {{{suborder}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} {{{infraorder}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} {{{family}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} {{{family}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} {{{tribe}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{genus}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{species}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #CCCCCC;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{subspecies}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7059Template:Taxonomy2021-05-06T20:36:29Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float: {{{align|right}}}; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCFF;" class="summary" | ''{{{common_name|unknown}}}''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
{{#if:{{{kingdom|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Kingdom:<br />
{{!}} {{{kingdom}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Phylum:<br />
{{!}} {{{phylum}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Class:<br />
{{!}} {{{class}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Order:<br />
{{!}} {{{order}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} {{{suborder}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} {{{infraorder}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} {{{family}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} {{{family}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} {{{tribe}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{genus}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{species}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{subspecies}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7058Template:Taxonomy2021-05-06T20:22:54Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float: {{{align|right}}}; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCFF;" class="summary" | ''{{{common_name|unknown}}}''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;" | Kingdom:<br />
| {{{kingdom|missing}}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;" | Phylum:<br />
| {{{phylum|missing}}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;" | Class:<br />
| {{{class|missing}}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;" | Order:<br />
| {{{order|missing}}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} {{{suborder}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} {{{infraorder}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{family|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Family:<br />
{{!}} {{{family}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subfamily|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Subamily:<br />
{{!}} {{{family}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{tribe|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Tribe:<br />
{{!}} {{{tribe}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{genus|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Genus:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{genus}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Species:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{species}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Subpecies:<br />
{{!}} <em>{{{subspecies}}}</em> | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Test_page&diff=7057Test page2021-05-06T20:19:24Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Taxonomy<br />
| common_name = Dragon<br />
| kingdom = Animalia<br />
| phylum = Chordata<br />
| class = Reptilia<br />
| order = Squamata<br />
| suborder = fiction<br />
| family = Draconidae<br />
| genus = Draco<br />
| species = D. igneus<br />
}}</div>Mchitchchttps://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy&diff=7056Template:Taxonomy2021-05-06T20:18:49Z<p>Mchitchc: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| class="infobox bordered vevent" style="float: {{{align|right}}}; width: 23em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;" cellpadding="3" <br />
! colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCFF;" class="summary" | ''{{{common_name|unknown}}}''<br />
<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{image|}}}{{{caption|}}} <br />
|- <br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;" | Kingdom:<br />
| {{{kingdom|missing}}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;" | Phylum:<br />
| {{{phylum|missing}}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;" | Class:<br />
| {{{class|missing}}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;" | Order:<br />
| {{{order|missing}}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
<br />
{{#if:{{{suborder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Suborder:<br />
{{!}} {{{suborder}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
{{#if:{{{infraorder|}}}|{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;"{{!}}Infraorder:<br />
{{!}} {{{infraorder}}} | <br />
}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;" | Family:<br />
| {{{family|missing}}}<br />
{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;" | Genus:<br />
| <em>{{{genus|missing}}}</em><br />
{{!}}-<br />
! style="background-color: #ccccff;" | Species:<br />
| <em>{{{species|missing}}}</em><br />
{{!}}-</div>Mchitchc