https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Katelinq 2026-04-09T01:08:34Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.0 https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=White_Ash_tree&diff=6522 2021-05-04T21:23:39Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:whiteash1.jpeg|thumb|right|White Ash tree]]<br /> <br /> The White Ash tree, or ''Fraxinus americana'', is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> White ash trees grow between 60 to 100 feet tall on average, with a 2 to 3 foot trunk diameter. It is the largest of the ash trees found in North America. The leaves are opposite, and have between 5 and 9 leaflets. The bark ranges in color from yellow-brown to light grey and has deep furrows. White ash trees are dioecious, meaning there are separate male and female trees. <br /> <br /> [[File:whiteashleaf.jpeg|thumb|left|White Ash leaves]]<br /> <br /> == Distribution ==<br /> <br /> The White ash tree is found only in the central and eastern parts of North America, ranging as far north as Nova Scotia, south into northern Florida, and west into the upper areas of Texas and parts of Iowa. Habitats include floodplain woodlands, upland woodlands, shaded gravelly seeps, high riverbanks, limestone glades, and in city parks. &lt;!--maybe include an image of distribution, if it exists?--&gt;<br /> <br /> == Ecological Importance ==<br /> <br /> White Ash hosts many species of [[insects]], which feed on parts of the tree. At least 280 [[arthropods]] rely on White Ash trees as a source of food and shelter. Additionally, White Ash trees provide habitat and food for many vertebrates, such as squirrels, deer, various birds, and mice. Ash trees also play an important role in nutrient and water cycling in forests. &lt;!--perhaps explain what it does more specifically with nutrient/water cycling--&gt;<br /> <br /> == Threats ==<br /> <br /> Due to the accidental introduction of the Emerald Ash Borer, ash trees have seen a significant decrease in population, and this has led to many adverse ecological effects. Widespread ash mortality severely alters forest habitats and dynamics. This causes loss of habitat and food for many [[organisms]], including 44 species of arthropods that feed exclusively on ash trees. <br /> <br /> Additionally, loss of ash trees, and therefore an increase in sunlight on forest floors, may cause an increase in the spread of invasive species, such as honeysuckle, multiflora rose, and autumn olive. <br /> <br /> [[File:ashborer.jpeg|thumb|right|Emerald Ash Borer]]<br /> <br /> Widespread ash mortality also can alter [[soil]] pH, mineral concentrations, and soil moisture levels, affecting nutrient and water availability for nearby trees and other organisms living in the soil.<br /> <br /> &lt;!--very informational, good job!--&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Ash Tree Update 2017 (U.S. National Park Service). (n.d.). . https://www.nps.gov/articles/ash-tree-update.htm.<br /> <br /> [2] Fraxinus americana - Plant Finder. (n.d.). . https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a867.<br /> <br /> [3] Fraxinus americana (American Ash, White Ash) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. (n.d.). . https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-americana/.<br /> <br /> [4] Maine proposes Emerald Ash Borer quarantine rules. (n.d.). . https://www.wabi.tv/2021/03/17/maine-proposes-emerald-ash-borer-quarantine-rules/.<br /> <br /> [5] White Ash. (n.d.). . https://naturalresources.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/white_ash.html.<br /> <br /> [6] White Ash (Fraxinus americana). (n.d.). . https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/white_ash.html.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=6516 2021-05-04T21:14:51Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Insects ''Arthropoda'']<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''[[Hymenoptera]]''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> Dolichovespla are a genus of social wasps, in the family Vespidae. Its common names include the yellow jacket, bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. They can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. Habitats vary between species, but they can be found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings. There are 24 recognized species of Dolichovespla[10][11][12]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula adulterina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula albida <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula alpicola <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arenaria <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arctica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula asiatica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula baileyi <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula carolina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula flora <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula kuami <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula lama<br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula loekenae<br /> <br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula maculata <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula media <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norvegicoides <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norwegica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula omissa <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica xanthicincta <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula panda <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula saxonica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sinensis <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula stigma <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sylvestris<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==''' Dolichovespula maculata '''==<br /> <br /> Dolichovespula maculata, or bald-faced hornets, get their name from the white markings on the face, legs, thorax, and abdomen. Aside from these markings, the body is dark black. They have brown wings and brown eyes. They are the largest species in the Dolichovespula genus. Workers can grow to be up to 12-14 mm long, while the queen is 18-20 mm long.[13]<br /> <br /> == Behavior and Colonization ==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> ==Importance In Soil==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the [[soil]] [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and [[foraging]] in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/<br /> <br /> [10] ADW: Dolichovespula: CLASSIFICATION. (n.d.). . https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dolichovespula/classification/.<br /> <br /> [11] Dolichovespula. (n.d.). . http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/hymenoptera/apocrita/vespidae/dolichovespula/index.html.<br /> <br /> [12] Kimsey, L., and J. Carpenter. 2012. The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28:37–65.<br /> <br /> [13] Hauze, D. (n.d.). Dolichovespula maculata. https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dolichovespula_maculata/.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=6514 2021-05-04T21:12:18Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Insects ''Arthropoda'']<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''[[Hymenoptera]]''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> Dolichovespla are a genus of social wasps, in the family Vespidae. Its common names include the yellow jacket, bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. They can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. Habitats vary between species, but they can be found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings. There are 24 recognized species of Dolichovespla[10][11][12]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula adulterina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula albida <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula alpicola <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arenaria <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arctica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula asiatica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula baileyi <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula carolina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula flora <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula kuami <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula lama<br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula loekenae<br /> <br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula maculata <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula media <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norvegicoides <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norwegica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula omissa <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica xanthicincta <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula panda <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula saxonica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sinensis <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula stigma <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sylvestris<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==''' Dolichovespula maculata '''==<br /> <br /> Dolichovespula maculata, or bald-faced hornets, get their name from the white markings on the face, legs, thorax, and abdomen. Aside from these markings, the body is dark black. They have brown wings and brown eyes. They are the largest species in the Dolichovespula genus. Workers can grow to be up to 12-14 mm long, while the queen is 18-20 mm long.[13]<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the [[soil]] [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and [[foraging]] in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/<br /> <br /> [10] ADW: Dolichovespula: CLASSIFICATION. (n.d.). . https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dolichovespula/classification/.<br /> <br /> [11] Dolichovespula. (n.d.). . http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/hymenoptera/apocrita/vespidae/dolichovespula/index.html.<br /> <br /> [12] Kimsey, L., and J. Carpenter. 2012. The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28:37–65.<br /> <br /> [13] Hauze, D. (n.d.). Dolichovespula maculata. https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dolichovespula_maculata/.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=6509 2021-05-04T21:04:28Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Insects ''Arthropoda'']<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''[[Hymenoptera]]''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> Dolichovespla are a genus of social wasps, in the family Vespidae. Its common names include the yellow jacket, bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. They can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. Habitats vary between species, but they can be found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings. There are 24 recognized species of Dolichovespla:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula adulterina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula albida <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula alpicola <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arenaria <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arctica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula asiatica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula baileyi <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula carolina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula flora <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula kuami <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula lama<br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula loekenae<br /> <br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula maculata <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula media <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norvegicoides <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norwegica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula omissa <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica xanthicincta <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula panda <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula saxonica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sinensis <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula stigma <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sylvestris<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the [[soil]] [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and [[foraging]] in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/<br /> <br /> [10] ADW: Dolichovespula: CLASSIFICATION. (n.d.). . https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dolichovespula/classification/.<br /> <br /> [11] Dolichovespula. (n.d.). . http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/hymenoptera/apocrita/vespidae/dolichovespula/index.html.<br /> <br /> [12] Kimsey, L., and J. Carpenter. 2012. The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28:37–65.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=6506 2021-05-04T21:00:22Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Insects ''Arthropoda'']<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''[[Hymenoptera]]''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> Dolichovespla are a genus of wasps, in the family Vespidae. There are 24 recognized species of Dolichovespla:<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula adulterina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula albida <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula alpicola <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arenaria <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arctica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula asiatica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula baileyi <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula carolina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula flora <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula kuami <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula lama<br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula loekenae<br /> <br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula maculata <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula media <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norvegicoides <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norwegica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula omissa <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica xanthicincta <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula panda <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula saxonica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sinensis <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula stigma <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sylvestris<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the [[soil]] [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and [[foraging]] in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/<br /> <br /> [10] ADW: Dolichovespula: CLASSIFICATION. (n.d.). . https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dolichovespula/classification/.<br /> <br /> [11] Dolichovespula. (n.d.). . http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/hymenoptera/apocrita/vespidae/dolichovespula/index.html.<br /> <br /> [12] Kimsey, L., and J. Carpenter. 2012. The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28:37–65.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=6505 2021-05-04T20:59:40Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Insects ''Arthropoda'']<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''[[Hymenoptera]]''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> Dolichovespla are a genus of wasps, in the family Vespidae. There are 24 recognized species of Dolichovespla:<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! width=50% | {{crw|DEN}}<br /> ! width=50% | {{crw|ENG}}<br /> <br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula adulterina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula albida <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula alpicola <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arenaria <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arctica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula asiatica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula baileyi <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula carolina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula flora <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula kuami <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula lama<br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula loekenae<br /> <br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula maculata <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula media <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norvegicoides <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norwegica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula omissa <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica xanthicincta <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula panda <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula saxonica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sinensis <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula stigma <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sylvestris<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the [[soil]] [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and [[foraging]] in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/<br /> <br /> [10] ADW: Dolichovespula: CLASSIFICATION. (n.d.). . https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dolichovespula/classification/.<br /> <br /> [11] Dolichovespula. (n.d.). . http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/hymenoptera/apocrita/vespidae/dolichovespula/index.html.<br /> <br /> [12] Kimsey, L., and J. Carpenter. 2012. The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28:37–65.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=6502 2021-05-04T20:58:39Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Insects ''Arthropoda'']<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''[[Hymenoptera]]''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> Dolichovespla are a genus of wasps, in the family Vespidae. There are 24 recognized species of Dolichovespla:<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! width=25% | {{crw|DEN}}<br /> ! width=25% | {{crw|ENG}}<br /> ! width=25% | {{crw|IRE}}<br /> ! width=25% | {{crw|NED}}<br /> |-<br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula adulterina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula albida <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula alpicola <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arenaria <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula arctica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula asiatica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula baileyi <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula carolina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula flora <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula kuami <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula lama<br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula loekenae<br /> <br /> |valign=top|<br /> - Dolichovespula maculata <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula media <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norvegicoides <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula norwegica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula omissa <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula pacifica xanthicincta <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula panda <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula saxonica <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sinensis <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula stigma <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula sylvestris<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the [[soil]] [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and [[foraging]] in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/<br /> <br /> [10] ADW: Dolichovespula: CLASSIFICATION. (n.d.). . https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dolichovespula/classification/.<br /> <br /> [11] Dolichovespula. (n.d.). . http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/hymenoptera/apocrita/vespidae/dolichovespula/index.html.<br /> <br /> [12] Kimsey, L., and J. Carpenter. 2012. The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28:37–65.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=6490 2021-05-04T20:51:20Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Insects ''Arthropoda'']<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''[[Hymenoptera]]''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> Dolichovespla are a genus of wasps, in the family Vespidae. There are 24 recognized species of Dolichovespla:<br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula adulterina <br /> <br /> - Dolichovespula albida <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula alpicola <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula arenaria <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula arctica <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula asiatica <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula baileyi <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula carolina <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula flora <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula kuami <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula lama<br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula loekenae <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula maculata <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula media <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula norvegicoides <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula norwegica <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula omissa <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula pacifica <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula pacifica xanthicincta <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula panda <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula saxonica <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula sinensis <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula stigma <br /> <br /> -Dolichovespula sylvestris<br /> <br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the [[soil]] [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and [[foraging]] in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/<br /> <br /> [10] ADW: Dolichovespula: CLASSIFICATION. (n.d.). . https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dolichovespula/classification/.<br /> <br /> [11] Dolichovespula. (n.d.). . http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/hymenoptera/apocrita/vespidae/dolichovespula/index.html.<br /> <br /> [12] Kimsey, L., and J. Carpenter. 2012. The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28:37–65.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=6482 2021-05-04T20:49:29Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Insects ''Arthropoda'']<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''[[Hymenoptera]]''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> Dolichovespla are a genus of wasps, in the family Vespidae. There are 24 recognized species of Dolichovespla:<br /> <br /> Dolichovespula adulterina <br /> Dolichovespula albida <br /> Dolichovespula alpicola <br /> Dolichovespula arenaria <br /> Dolichovespula arctica <br /> Dolichovespula asiatica <br /> Dolichovespula baileyi <br /> Dolichovespula carolina <br /> Dolichovespula flora <br /> Dolichovespula kuami <br /> Dolichovespula lama<br /> Dolichovespula loekenae <br /> Dolichovespula maculata <br /> Dolichovespula media <br /> Dolichovespula norvegicoides <br /> Dolichovespula norwegica <br /> Dolichovespula omissa <br /> Dolichovespula pacifica <br /> Dolichovespula pacifica xanthicincta <br /> Dolichovespula panda <br /> Dolichovespula saxonica <br /> Dolichovespula sinensis <br /> Dolichovespula stigma <br /> Dolichovespula sylvestris<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the [[soil]] [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and [[foraging]] in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/<br /> <br /> [10] ADW: Dolichovespula: CLASSIFICATION. (n.d.). . https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dolichovespula/classification/.<br /> <br /> [11] Dolichovespula. (n.d.). . http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/hymenoptera/apocrita/vespidae/dolichovespula/index.html.<br /> <br /> [12] Kimsey, L., and J. Carpenter. 2012. The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28:37–65.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=6474 2021-05-04T20:35:18Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Insects ''Arthropoda'']<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''[[Hymenoptera]]''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the [[soil]] [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and [[foraging]] in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=White_Ash_tree&diff=6157 2021-04-30T20:44:50Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:whiteash1.jpeg|thumb|right|White Ash tree]]<br /> <br /> The White Ash tree, or Fraxinus americana, is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> White ash trees grow between 60 to 100 feet tall on average, with a 2 to 3 foot trunk diameter. It is the largest of the ash trees found in North America. The leaves are opposite, and have between 5 and 9 leaflets. The bark ranges in color from yellow-brown to light grey and has deep furrows.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:whiteashleaf.jpeg|thumb|left|White Ash leaves]]<br /> <br /> == Distribution ==<br /> <br /> The White ash tree is found only in the central and eastern parts of North America, ranging as far north as Nova Scotia, south into northern Florida, and west into the upper areas of Texas and parts of Iowa. Habitats include floodplain woodlands, upland woodlands, shaded gravelly seeps, high riverbanks, limestone glades, and in city parks.<br /> <br /> == Ecological Importance ==<br /> <br /> White Ash hosts many species of [[insects]], which feed on parts of the tree. At least 280 [[arthropods]] rely on White Ash trees as a source of food and shelter. Additionally, White Ash trees provide habitat and food for many vertebrates, such as squirrels, deer, various birds, and mice. Ash trees also play an important role in nutrient and water cycling in forests. <br /> <br /> == Threats ==<br /> <br /> Due to the accidental introduction of the Emerald Ash Borer, ash trees have seen a significant decrease in population, and this has led to many adverse ecological effects. Widespread ash mortality severely alters forest habitats and dynamics. This causes loss of habitat and food for many [[organisms]], including 44 species of arthropods that feed exclusively on ash trees. <br /> <br /> Additionally, loss of ash trees, and therefore an increase in sunlight on forest floors, may cause an increase in the spread of invasive species, such as honeysuckle, multiflora rose, and autumn olive. <br /> <br /> [[File:ashborer.jpeg|thumb|right|Emerald Ash Borer]]<br /> <br /> Widespread ash mortality also can alter [[soil]] pH, mineral concentrations, and soil moisture levels, affecting nutrient and water availability for nearby trees and other organisms living in the soil.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Ash Tree Update 2017 (U.S. National Park Service). (n.d.). . https://www.nps.gov/articles/ash-tree-update.htm.<br /> <br /> [2] Fraxinus americana - Plant Finder. (n.d.). . https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a867.<br /> <br /> [3] Fraxinus americana (American Ash, White Ash) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. (n.d.). . https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-americana/.<br /> <br /> [4] Maine proposes Emerald Ash Borer quarantine rules. (n.d.). . https://www.wabi.tv/2021/03/17/maine-proposes-emerald-ash-borer-quarantine-rules/.<br /> <br /> [5] White Ash. (n.d.). . https://naturalresources.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/white_ash.html.<br /> <br /> [6] White Ash (Fraxinus americana). (n.d.). . https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/white_ash.html.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=White_Ash_tree&diff=6156 2021-04-30T20:44:23Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:whiteash1.jpeg|thumb|right|White Ash tree]]<br /> <br /> The White Ash tree, or Fraxinus americana, is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> White ash trees grow between 60 to 100 feet tall on average, with a 2 to 3 foot trunk diameter. It is the largest of the ash trees found in North America. The leaves are opposite, and have between 5 and 9 leaflets. The bark ranges in color from yellow-brown to light grey and has deep furrows.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:whiteashleaf.jpeg|thumb|left|White Ash leaves]]<br /> <br /> == Distribution ==<br /> <br /> The White ash tree is found only in the central and eastern parts of North America, ranging as far north as Nova Scotia, south into northern Florida, and west into the upper areas of Texas and parts of Iowa. Habitats include floodplain woodlands, upland woodlands, shaded gravelly seeps, high riverbanks, limestone glades, and in city parks.<br /> <br /> == Ecological Importance ==<br /> <br /> White Ash hosts many species of [[insects]], which feed on parts of the tree. At least 280 [[arthropods]] rely on White Ash trees as a source of food and shelter. Additionally, White Ash trees provide habitat and food for many vertebrates, such as squirrels, deer, various birds, and mice. Ash trees also play an important role in nutrient and water cycling in forests. <br /> <br /> == Threats ==<br /> <br /> Due to the accidental introduction of the Emerald Ash Borer, ash trees have seen a significant decrease in population, and this has led to many adverse ecological effects. Widespread ash mortality severely alters forest habitats and dynamics. This causes loss of habitat and food for many [[organisms]], including 44 species of arthropods that feed exclusively on ash trees. <br /> <br /> Additionally, loss of ash trees, and therefore an increase in sunlight on forest floors, may cause an increase in the spread of invasive species, such as honeysuckle, multiflora rose, and autumn olive. <br /> <br /> Widespread ash mortality also can alter [[soil]] pH, mineral concentrations, and soil moisture levels, affecting nutrient and water availability for nearby trees and other organisms living in the soil.<br /> <br /> [[File:ashborer.jpeg|thumb|right|Emerald Ash Borer]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Ash Tree Update 2017 (U.S. National Park Service). (n.d.). . https://www.nps.gov/articles/ash-tree-update.htm.<br /> <br /> [2] Fraxinus americana - Plant Finder. (n.d.). . https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a867.<br /> <br /> [3] Fraxinus americana (American Ash, White Ash) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. (n.d.). . https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-americana/.<br /> <br /> [4] Maine proposes Emerald Ash Borer quarantine rules. (n.d.). . https://www.wabi.tv/2021/03/17/maine-proposes-emerald-ash-borer-quarantine-rules/.<br /> <br /> [5] White Ash. (n.d.). . https://naturalresources.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/white_ash.html.<br /> <br /> [6] White Ash (Fraxinus americana). (n.d.). . https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/white_ash.html.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=White_Ash_tree&diff=6155 2021-04-30T20:44:06Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:whiteash1.jpeg|thumb|right|White Ash tree]]<br /> <br /> The White Ash tree, or Fraxinus americana, is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> White ash trees grow between 60 to 100 feet tall on average, with a 2 to 3 foot trunk diameter. It is the largest of the ash trees found in North America. The leaves are opposite, and have between 5 and 9 leaflets. The bark ranges in color from yellow-brown to light grey and has deep furrows.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:whiteashleaf.jpeg|thumb|left|White Ash leaves]]<br /> <br /> == Distribution ==<br /> <br /> The White ash tree is found only in the central and eastern parts of North America, ranging as far north as Nova Scotia, south into northern Florida, and west into the upper areas of Texas and parts of Iowa. Habitats include floodplain woodlands, upland woodlands, shaded gravelly seeps, high riverbanks, limestone glades, and in city parks.<br /> <br /> == Ecological Importance ==<br /> <br /> White Ash hosts many species of [[insects]], which feed on parts of the tree. At least 280 [[arthropods]] rely on White Ash trees as a source of food and shelter. Additionally, White Ash trees provide habitat and food for many vertebrates, such as squirrels, deer, various birds, and mice. Ash trees also play an important role in nutrient and water cycling in forests. <br /> <br /> == Threats ==<br /> <br /> Due to the accidental introduction of the Emerald Ash Borer, ash trees have seen a significant decrease in population, and this has led to many adverse ecological effects. Widespread ash mortality severely alters forest habitats and dynamics. This causes loss of habitat and food for many [[organisms]], including 44 species of arthropods that feed exclusively on ash trees. <br /> <br /> Additionally, loss of ash trees, and therefore an increase in sunlight on forest floors, may cause an increase in the spread of invasive species, such as honeysuckle, multiflora rose, and autumn olive. <br /> <br /> Widespread ash mortality also can alter [[soil]] pH, mineral concentrations, and soil moisture levels, affecting nutrient and water availability for nearby trees and other organisms living in the soil.<br /> <br /> [[File:ashborer.jpeg|thumb|right|Emerald Ash Borer]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Ash Tree Update 2017 (U.S. National Park Service). (n.d.). . https://www.nps.gov/articles/ash-tree-update.htm.<br /> <br /> [2] Fraxinus americana - Plant Finder. (n.d.). . https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a867.<br /> <br /> [3] Fraxinus americana (American Ash, White Ash) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. (n.d.). . https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-americana/.<br /> <br /> [4] Maine proposes Emerald Ash Borer quarantine rules. (n.d.). . https://www.wabi.tv/2021/03/17/maine-proposes-emerald-ash-borer-quarantine-rules/.<br /> <br /> [5] White Ash. (n.d.). . https://naturalresources.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/white_ash.html.<br /> <br /> [6] White Ash (Fraxinus americana). (n.d.). . https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/white_ash.html.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=File:Ashborer.jpeg&diff=6154 2021-04-30T20:41:36Z

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Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=White_Ash_tree&diff=6153 2021-04-30T20:41:27Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:whiteash1.jpeg|thumb|right|White Ash tree]]<br /> <br /> The White Ash tree, or Fraxinus americana, is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> White ash trees grow between 60 to 100 feet tall on average, with a 2 to 3 foot trunk diameter. It is the largest of the ash trees found in North America. The leaves are opposite, and have between 5 and 9 leaflets. The bark ranges in color from yellow-brown to light grey and has deep furrows.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:whiteashleaf.jpeg|thumb|left|White Ash leaves]]<br /> <br /> == Distribution ==<br /> <br /> The White ash tree is found only in the central and eastern parts of North America, ranging as far north as Nova Scotia, south into northern Florida, and west into the upper areas of Texas and parts of Iowa. Habitats include floodplain woodlands, upland woodlands, shaded gravelly seeps, high riverbanks, limestone glades, and in city parks.<br /> <br /> == Ecological Importance ==<br /> <br /> White Ash hosts many species of [[insects]], which feed on parts of the tree. At least 280 [[arthropods]] rely on White Ash trees as a source of food and shelter. Additionally, White Ash trees provide habitat and food for many vertebrates, such as squirrels, deer, various birds, and mice. Ash trees also play an important role in nutrient and water cycling in forests. <br /> <br /> == Threats ==<br /> <br /> Due to the accidental introduction of the Emerald Ash Borer, ash trees have seen a significant decrease in population, and this has led to many adverse ecological effects. Widespread ash mortality severely alters forest habitats and dynamics. This causes loss of habitat and food for many [[organisms]], including 44 species of arthropods that feed exclusively on ash trees. <br /> <br /> Additionally, loss of ash trees, and therefore an increase in sunlight on forest floors, may cause an increase in the spread of invasive species, such as honeysuckle, multiflora rose, and autumn olive. <br /> <br /> Widespread ash mortality also can alter [[soil]] pH, mineral concentrations, and soil moisture levels, affecting nutrient and water availability for nearby trees and other organisms living in the soil.<br /> <br /> [[File:ashborer.jpeg|thumb|right|Emerald Ash Borer]]</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=White_Ash_tree&diff=6152 2021-04-30T20:40:10Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:whiteash1.jpeg|thumb|right|White Ash tree]]<br /> <br /> The White Ash tree, or Fraxinus americana, is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> White ash trees grow between 60 to 100 feet tall on average, with a 2 to 3 foot trunk diameter. It is the largest of the ash trees found in North America. The leaves are opposite, and have between 5 and 9 leaflets. The bark ranges in color from yellow-brown to light grey and has deep furrows.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:whiteashleaf.jpeg|thumb|left|White Ash leaves]]<br /> <br /> == Distribution ==<br /> <br /> The White ash tree is found only in the central and eastern parts of North America, ranging as far north as Nova Scotia, south into northern Florida, and west into the upper areas of Texas and parts of Iowa. Habitats include floodplain woodlands, upland woodlands, shaded gravelly seeps, high riverbanks, limestone glades, and in city parks.<br /> <br /> == Ecological Importance ==<br /> <br /> White Ash hosts many species of [[insects]], which feed on parts of the tree. At least 280 [[arthropods]] rely on White Ash trees as a source of food and shelter. Additionally, White Ash trees provide habitat and food for many vertebrates, such as squirrels, deer, various birds, and mice. Ash trees also play an important role in nutrient and water cycling in forests. <br /> <br /> == Threats ==<br /> <br /> Due to the accidental introduction of the Emerald Ash Borer, ash trees have seen a significant decrease in population, and this has led to many adverse ecological effects. Widespread ash mortality severely alters forest habitats and dynamics. This causes loss of habitat and food for many [[organisms]], including 44 species of arthropods that feed exclusively on ash trees. <br /> <br /> Additionally, loss of ash trees, and therefore an increase in sunlight on forest floors, may cause an increase in the spread of invasive species, such as honeysuckle, multiflora rose, and autumn olive. <br /> <br /> Widespread ash mortality also can alter [[soil]] pH, mineral concentrations, and soil moisture levels, affecting nutrient and water availability for nearby trees and other organisms living in the soil.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=White_Ash_tree&diff=6151 2021-04-30T20:28:09Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:whiteash1.jpeg|thumb|right|White Ash tree]]<br /> <br /> The White Ash tree, or Fraxinus americana, is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> White ash trees grow between 60 to 100 feet tall on average, with a 2 to 3 foot trunk diameter. It is the largest of the ash trees found in North America. The leaves are opposite, and have between 5 and 9 leaflets. The bark ranges in color from yellow-brown to light grey and has deep furrows.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:whiteashleaf.jpeg|thumb|left|White Ash leaves]]</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=White_Ash_tree&diff=6150 2021-04-30T20:27:54Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>The White Ash tree, or Fraxinus americana, is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. <br /> [[File:whiteash1.jpeg|thumb|right|White Ash tree]]<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> White ash trees grow between 60 to 100 feet tall on average, with a 2 to 3 foot trunk diameter. It is the largest of the ash trees found in North America. The leaves are opposite, and have between 5 and 9 leaflets. The bark ranges in color from yellow-brown to light grey and has deep furrows.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:whiteashleaf.jpeg|thumb|left|White Ash leaves]]</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=White_Ash_tree&diff=6149 2021-04-30T20:27:28Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>The White Ash tree, or Fraxinus americana, is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. <br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> White ash trees grow between 60 to 100 feet tall on average, with a 2 to 3 foot trunk diameter. It is the largest of the ash trees found in North America. The leaves are opposite, and have between 5 and 9 leaflets. The bark ranges in color from yellow-brown to light grey and has deep furrows.<br /> <br /> [[File:whiteash1.jpeg|thumb|right|White Ash tree]]<br /> <br /> [[File:whiteashleaf.jpeg|thumb|left|White Ash leaves]]</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=File:Whiteashleaf.jpeg&diff=6148 2021-04-30T20:27:14Z

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Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=File:Whiteash1.jpeg&diff=6147 2021-04-30T20:26:57Z

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Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=White_Ash_tree&diff=6146 2021-04-30T20:26:49Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>The White Ash tree, or Fraxinus americana, is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. <br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> White ash trees grow between 60 to 100 feet tall on average, with a 2 to 3 foot trunk diameter. It is the largest of the ash trees found in North America. The leaves are opposite, and have between 5 and 9 leaflets. The bark ranges in color from yellow-brown to light grey and has deep furrows.<br /> <br /> [[File:whiteash1.jpeg|thumb|right|White Ash tree]]<br /> <br /> [[File:whiteashleaf.jpeg|thumb|right|White Ash leaves]]</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=White_Ash_tree&diff=6145 2021-04-30T20:25:43Z

<p>Katelinq: Created page with &quot;The White Ash tree, or Fraxinus americana, is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. == Description == White ash trees grow between 60 to 1...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>The White Ash tree, or Fraxinus americana, is a type of ash tree that is native to eastern and central North America. <br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> <br /> White ash trees grow between 60 to 100 feet tall on average, with a 2 to 3 foot trunk diameter. It is the largest of the ash trees found in North America. The leaves are opposite, and have between 5 and 9 leaflets. The bark ranges in color from yellow-brown to light grey and has deep furrows.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Mesostigmata&diff=6144 2021-04-30T19:25:56Z

<p>Katelinq: Created page with &quot;s&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>s</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6143 2021-04-30T19:23:58Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> [[File:ORIBATIDA.jpeg|thumb|right|Oribatid mite]]<br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics. <br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered through fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida<br /> <br /> <br /> == Feeding Habits ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are categorized into three types of feeders. Microphytophages feed on fungi, macrophytophages feed on vegetable matter, and panphytophages feed on both. Most oribatids are obligate fungal feeders.<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites themselves are prey for many [[insects]] such as scydmaenid beetles, pselaphid beetles, or ants. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Impacts on Soil ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites affect litter [[decomposition]] and the nutrients in soils by grazing on microbial populations and fragmenting plant detrius. This affects the decomposition process indirectly, but significantly. They play an important role in soil food webs via regulating the decomposition of organic matter and propagating [[microorganisms]] within the soil.<br /> <br /> == References == <br /> <br /> [1] Heethoff, M., M. Laumann, and P. Bergmann. 2007. Adding to the Reproductive Biology of the Parthenogenetic Oribatid Mite, Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari, Oribatida, Trhypochthoniidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology 31:151–159.<br /> <br /> <br /> [2] Encyclopedia of Entomology. 2005. . Reference Reviews 19:48–49.<br /> <br /> <br /> [3] Manu, M., V. Honciuc, A. Neagoe, R. I. Băncilă, V. Iordache, and M. Onete. 2019. Soil mite communities (Acari: Mesostigmata, Oribatida) as bioindicators for environmental conditions from polluted soils. Scientific Reports 9:20250.<br /> <br /> <br /> [4] Coleman, D. C., D. A. Crossley, and P. F. Hendrix. 2004. Fundamentals of soil [[ecology]]. 2nd ed. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam ; Boston.<br /> <br /> [5] Wissuwa, J., J.-A. Salamon, and T. Frank. 2013. Oribatida (Acari) in grassy arable fallows are more affected by soil [[properties]] than habitat age and plant species. European Journal of Soil Biology 59:8–14.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6142 2021-04-30T19:22:01Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> [[File:ORIBATIDA.jpeg|thumb|right|Oribatid mite]]<br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics. <br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered through fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida<br /> <br /> <br /> == Feeding Habits ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are categorized into three types of feeders. Microphytophages feed on fungi, macrophytophages feed on vegetable matter, and panphytophages feed on both. Most oribatids are obligate fungal feeders.<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites themselves are prey for many [[insects]] such as scydmaenid beetles, pselaphid beetles, or ants. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Impacts on Soil ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites affect litter [[decomposition]] and the nutrients in soils by grazing on microbial populations and fragmenting plant detrius. This affects the decomposition process indirectly, but significantly. <br /> <br /> == References == <br /> <br /> [1] Heethoff, M., M. Laumann, and P. Bergmann. 2007. Adding to the Reproductive Biology of the Parthenogenetic Oribatid Mite, Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari, Oribatida, Trhypochthoniidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology 31:151–159.<br /> <br /> <br /> [2] Encyclopedia of Entomology. 2005. . Reference Reviews 19:48–49.<br /> <br /> <br /> [3] Manu, M., V. Honciuc, A. Neagoe, R. I. Băncilă, V. Iordache, and M. Onete. 2019. Soil mite communities (Acari: Mesostigmata, Oribatida) as bioindicators for environmental conditions from polluted soils. Scientific Reports 9:20250.<br /> <br /> <br /> [4] Coleman, D. C., D. A. Crossley, and P. F. Hendrix. 2004. Fundamentals of soil [[ecology]]. 2nd ed. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam ; Boston.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=File:ORIBATIDA.jpeg&diff=6111 2021-04-29T20:29:15Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6110 2021-04-29T20:29:05Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> [[File:ORIBATIDA.jpeg|thumb|right|Oribatid mite]]<br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics. <br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered through fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida<br /> <br /> <br /> == Feeding Habits ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Impacts on Soil ==</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6109 2021-04-29T20:24:00Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> [[File:oribatid.jpeg|thumb|right|Oribatid mite]]<br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics. <br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered through fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6108 2021-04-29T20:23:11Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> [[File:oribatid.jpeg|thumb|right|Oribatid mite]]<br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics. <br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered throuhg fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6107 2021-04-29T20:22:41Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> [[File:oribatida.jpeg|thumb|right|Oribatid mite]]<br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics. <br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered throuhg fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6106 2021-04-29T20:17:49Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> {{Taxobox<br /> | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Devonian|present}}<br /> | image = oribatid.jpeg<br /> | image_caption = Unidentified mite ([[Phthiracaridae]])<br /> | regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br /> | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br /> | subphylum = [[Chelicerata]]<br /> | classis = [[Arachnid]]a<br /> | subclassis = [[Acari]]<br /> | superordo = [[Acariformes]]<br /> | ordo = '''Oribatida'''<br /> | ordo_authority = [[Antoine Louis Dugès|Dugès]], 1833<br /> | diversity_link = <br /> | diversity = {{circa|200}} families, 1,200 genera, 6,600 species<br /> | subdivision_ranks = [[Suborder]]s<br /> | subdivision =<br /> *[[Brachypylina]]<br /> *[[Enarthronota]]<br /> *[[Holosomata]]<br /> *[[Mixonomata]]<br /> *{{ill|Palaeosomata|ru}}<br /> *[[Parhyposomata]]<br /> | synonyms =<br /> Cryptostigmata<br /> }}<br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics. <br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered throuhg fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6105 2021-04-29T20:17:25Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> {{Taxobox<br /> | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Devonian|present}}<br /> | image = Phthiracarid.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Unidentified mite ([[Phthiracaridae]])<br /> | regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br /> | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br /> | subphylum = [[Chelicerata]]<br /> | classis = [[Arachnid]]a<br /> | subclassis = [[Acari]]<br /> | superordo = [[Acariformes]]<br /> | ordo = '''Oribatida'''<br /> | ordo_authority = [[Antoine Louis Dugès|Dugès]], 1833<br /> | diversity_link = <br /> | diversity = {{circa|200}} families, 1,200 genera, 6,600 species<br /> | subdivision_ranks = [[Suborder]]s<br /> | subdivision =<br /> *[[Brachypylina]]<br /> *[[Enarthronota]]<br /> *[[Holosomata]]<br /> *[[Mixonomata]]<br /> *{{ill|Palaeosomata|ru}}<br /> *[[Parhyposomata]]<br /> | synonyms =<br /> Cryptostigmata<br /> }}<br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics. <br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered throuhg fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=File:Oribatid.jpeg&diff=6104 2021-04-29T20:15:10Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6103 2021-04-29T20:14:37Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics. [[File: oribatid.jpeg]]<br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered throuhg fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6102 2021-04-29T20:11:59Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics.<br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered throuhg fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6101 2021-04-29T20:10:27Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>:Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> :Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics.<br /> <br /> :Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> <br /> :In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> :Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered throuhg fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6100 2021-04-29T20:07:53Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>{{indent|5}} Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> <br /> {{indent|5}} Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics.<br /> <br /> {{indent|5}} Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> <br /> {{indent|5}} In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> {{indent|5}} Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered throuhg fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> <br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> <br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> <br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> <br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> <br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> <br /> Order: Oribatida</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6099 2021-04-29T20:05:48Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics.<br /> <br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered throuhg fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede. They are subject to juvenile polymorphism, in which immature oribatid mites are so morphologically different than adult mites that it is difficult to draw any relation between them. <br /> <br /> == Scientific Classification ==<br /> <br /> Kingdom: Animalia<br /> Phylum: [[Arthropoda]]<br /> Subphylum: Chelicerata<br /> Class: Arachnida<br /> Subclass: [[Acari]]<br /> Superorder: Acariformes<br /> Order: Oribatida</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6098 2021-04-29T20:01:02Z

<p>Katelinq: </p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics.<br /> <br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. <br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered throuhg fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other [[microarthropods]] by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede.</div>

Katelinq https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Oribatida&diff=6097 2021-04-29T20:00:26Z

<p>Katelinq: Created page with &quot;Oribatida, or oribatid mites, are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. == Abundance and Diversity == Oribat...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>Oribatida, or oribatid [[mites]], are an order of mite, and the oldest mite group, found present in fossils over 400 million years ago. <br /> <br /> == Abundance and Diversity ==<br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are distributed worldwide, and are commonly found at a density of 50,000 to 500,000 individuals per square meter in soils. Oribatid mites are known to predominate over other groups of mites and mesofauna in most soils. They live in all terrestrial ecosystems, including the arctic and the tropics.<br /> <br /> Coniferous forests typically have the highest numbers of oribatid mites, followed by deciduous hardwood forests, grasslands, deserts, then tundra. Their numbers are reduced in highly developed or agriculturally developed areas. <br /> <br /> Oribatid mites are a highly diverse order of mites, with varying numbers of species being found in different areas based on habitat, however there are well over 150 different species reported in some areas. <br /> <br /> In addition to being one of the most abundant [[soil]] species, oribatid mites are an arboreal species as well, which was not discovered until recently (~20 years ago). <br /> <br /> == Biology ==<br /> Oribatid mites are 0.2 to 1.5mm in size, brown or colorless, with high amounts of calcium in their shells, which is sequestered throuhg fungal feeding. They reproduce slowly compared to other types of mites, with a life cycle of about a year. Oribatid mites differ from other microarthropods by having a sclerotized exoskeleton, resembling the millipede.</div>

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