https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Johnjond 2026-04-15T04:36:34Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.0 https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4372 2019-05-05T22:48:31Z

<p>Johnjond: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of ''[[Arthropoda]]'' or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or ''Insecta'' belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as ''Insecta'', they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as ''tagmata''. Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''[[Annelids]]''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to ''Hexapoda'', which belong to ''Arthropoda''. While spiders or arachnids, belong to ''Chelicerates'' and also belong to ''Arthropoda''. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum ''Annelida'' or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophophore lophophore]''. While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitin chitin]'', that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as ''Arthropoda'' and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalothorax Cephalothorax]''. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4368 2019-05-05T22:47:09Z

<p>Johnjond: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of ''[[Arthropoda]]'' or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or ''Insecta'' belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as ''Insecta'', they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as ''tagmata''. Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''[[Annelids]]''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to ''Hexapoda'', which belong to ''Arthropoda''. While spiders or arachnids, belong to ''Chelicerates'' and also belong to ''Arthropoda''. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum ''Annelida'' or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophophore lophophore]''. While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitin chitin]'', that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as ''Arthropoda'' and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4366 2019-05-05T22:46:26Z

<p>Johnjond: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of ''[[Arthropoda]]'' or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or ''Insecta'' belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as ''Insecta'', they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as ''tagmata''. Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''[[Annelids]]''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to ''Hexapoda'', which belong to ''Arthropoda''. While spiders or arachnids, belong to ''Chelicerates'' and also belong to ''Arthropoda''. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum ''Annelida'' or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophophore lophophore]''. While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of ''chitin'', that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as ''Arthropoda'' and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4363 2019-05-05T22:45:52Z

<p>Johnjond: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of ''[[Arthropoda]]'' or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or ''Insecta'' belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as ''Insecta'', they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as ''tagmata''. Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''[[Annelids]]''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to ''Hexapoda'', which belong to ''Arthropoda''. While spiders or arachnids, belong to ''Chelicerates'' and also belong to ''Arthropoda''. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum ''Annelida'' or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophophore lophophore]''. While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as ''Arthropoda'' and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4362 2019-05-05T22:44:28Z

<p>Johnjond: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of ''[[Arthropoda]]'' or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or ''Insecta'' belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as ''Insecta'', they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as ''tagmata''. Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''[[Annelids]]''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to ''Hexapoda'', which belong to ''Arthropoda''. While spiders or arachnids, belong to ''Chelicerates'' and also belong to ''Arthropoda''. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum ''Annelida'' or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophophore lophophore]''. While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4360 2019-05-05T22:43:57Z

<p>Johnjond: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of ''[[Arthropoda]]'' or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or ''Insecta'' belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as ''Insecta'', they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as ''tagmata''. Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''[[Annelids]]''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to ''Hexapoda'', which belong to ''Arthropoda''. While spiders or arachnids, belong to ''Chelicerates'' and also belong to ''Arthropoda''. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum ''Annelida'' or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophophore lophophore]''. While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4357 2019-05-05T22:42:50Z

<p>Johnjond: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of ''[[Arthropoda]]'' or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or ''Insecta'' belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as ''Insecta'', they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as ''tagmata''. Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''[[Annelids]]''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to ''Hexapoda'', which belong to ''Arthropoda''. While spiders or arachnids, belong to ''Chelicerates'' and also belong to ''Arthropoda''. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum ''Annelida'' or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4352 2019-05-05T22:40:12Z

<p>Johnjond: /* The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of ''[[Arthropoda]]'' or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or ''Insecta'' belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as ''Insecta'', they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as ''tagmata''. Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''[[Annelids]]''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4347 2019-05-05T22:38:30Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Taxonomy of Insects */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of ''[[Arthropoda]]'' or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or ''Insecta'' belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as ''Insecta'', they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as ''tagmata''. Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4344 2019-05-05T22:38:11Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Taxonomy of Insects */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of [[''''Arthropoda'''']] or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or ''Insecta'' belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as ''Insecta'', they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as ''tagmata''. Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4335 2019-05-05T22:32:59Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Taxonomy of Insects */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of [[''Arthropoda'']] or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or ''Insecta'' belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as ''Insecta'', they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as ''tagmata''. Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4334 2019-05-05T22:31:37Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Taxonomy of Insects */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of [[&quot;Arthropoda&quot;]] or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta&quot;, they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=%22Arthropoda%22&diff=4333 2019-05-05T22:30:56Z

<p>Johnjond: Created page with &quot;http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Soil_organisms&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Soil_organisms</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4332 2019-05-05T22:30:48Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Taxonomy of Insects */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of [[&quot;Arthropoda&quot;]] or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4330 2019-05-05T22:25:23Z

<p>Johnjond: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee. [Picture Ref.1]]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|[Picture Ref.2]]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Decomposing&diff=4329 2019-05-05T22:22:58Z

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Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4328 2019-05-05T22:22:51Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Entomology, The Study of Insects */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee -Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Ecology&diff=4327 2019-05-05T22:22:05Z

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Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4326 2019-05-05T22:21:58Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Entomology, The Study of Insects */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee -Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Decomposition decomposing] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Ecosystem_services&diff=4325 2019-05-05T22:20:52Z

<p>Johnjond: Created page with &quot;http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Essential_ecosystem_services&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Essential_ecosystem_services</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4324 2019-05-05T22:20:44Z

<p>Johnjond: /* What Are Insects? */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee -Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Decomposition decomposing] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Soil_Ecology ecology] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Essential_ecosystem_services ecosystem]. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [[ecosystem services]]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4323 2019-05-05T22:20:15Z

<p>Johnjond: /* What Are Insects? */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee -Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Decomposition decomposing] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Soil_Ecology ecology] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Essential_ecosystem_services ecosystem]. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential [ecosystem services]. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4321 2019-05-05T22:18:44Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Entomology, The Study of Insects */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee -Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Decomposition decomposing] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Soil_Ecology ecology] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Essential_ecosystem_services ecosystem]. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4320 2019-05-05T22:17:56Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Entomology, The Study of Insects */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee -Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [[http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Decomposition decomposing]] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [[http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Soil_Ecology ecology]] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an [[http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Essential_ecosystem_services ecosystem]]. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4319 2019-05-05T22:16:25Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Entomology, The Study of Insects */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee -Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Decomposition decomposing] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Soil_Ecology ecology] and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4318 2019-05-05T22:15:26Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee -Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Decomposition decomposing] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots''' ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Insects&diff=4317 2019-05-05T22:14:52Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Entomology, The Study of Insects */</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:25POLLINATOR3-master675.jpg|300px|thumb| A Pollinating Honey Bee -Heather Angel]]<br /> [[File:chattanooga-aqua-177.jpg|300px|thumb|-Mattie Bryant]]<br /> == '''Entomology, The Study of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms ([1] Entomology Department, WSU.) Entomologist provide a diverse range of services to many different occupations. For example, forensic entomologists, a specific branch of entomology, would work to better understand a criminal case, such contributing to solving a murder by figuring out the type of insects that are decomposing the remains. This may provide insight to how long a body has been [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Decomposition decomposing] or if the remains were moved. <br /> <br /> Entomology is a part of the study of ecology and human geography, and it can also be used as indicators of environmental shifts or changes. Insects are important to a forests biodiversity and slight climate shifts can cause damages to an ecosystem. For example, an invasive species of insect can be introduced to an ecosystem due to a shift in climate and this can cause flora to disappear. Also, entomology can be used in studying specific types of flora to an ecosystem, which may help to better understand the type of insects within a region. An example of this would any pollinating insects. <br /> <br /> Entomology is used in many fields and can be used to better understand areas of study such as [[terrestrial ecology]] and [[essential ecosystem services]].<br /> <br /> == '''What Are Insects?''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Insects have many benefits within terrestrial ecology. They work in providing essential ecosystem services. For example, honey bee's, moths, and butterfly's all work to pollinate. Essential ecosystem services like pollination, need these insects. Pollination is vital to an ecosystem because the process works in providing a source of food for other animals and for humans, providing coffee is dependent on pollinators. Without insects, there would be a missing link to an ecosystem's food chain and to ecosystem services that are vital to life. <br /> <br /> *This video explains the vital role of insects. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI (Picture/video reference [3])<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Insect Brains Teach Humans and Train Robots ==<br /> <br /> Insects, similarly to humans, have brains. The insect brain is very small compared to the human brain and works in a complex methods. The insect brain works in sections. For example, the insect body can walk, fly, scratch itself and all without a head. The nervous system works in sections, all coordinated by a collection of neurons, called ganglia. A human brain has billions of neurons while an insect brain has less than one million neurons and they are able to see, smell, mate, and coordinate behaviors. The brain of an insect acts similarity to that of a human, there a neurons that are active and non-active during specific reactions. The insect brain is also studied by engineers to create systems of control for various robotics such as self-flying airplanes or even for testing neuron networks in robotic vehicles using different colors and reactions to those colors.<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Taxonomy of Insects''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Insects fall under the phylum of &quot;Arthropoda&quot; or Arthropods, a class of invertebrates. Arthropods have jointed appendages, evidencing them to be unique from other animals and phylum. More specifically, Insects or &quot;Insecta&quot; belong to the sub-phylum of Hexapods and as &quot;Insecta,&quot; they are set apart from other Hexapods by the characterization of having wings. Insects can be identified through their segmented bodies and these segments can be referred to as &quot;tagmata.&quot; Insecta posses other particular characteristics that set them apart from other animals like paired segmented appendages, bilateral symmetry or their bodies are symmetrical, and an external skeleton that are molted during the process of new growth. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wikichart3.png|600px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2.png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> == '''The Difference Between Insects, Spiders, And Earthworms''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Spiders and Earthworms often are mistaken for insects. To begin, spiders are arachnids and earthworms are annelids. The charts below illustrate that '''Insects''', '''Arachnids''' and '''Annelids''' are categorized within different sub-phylum.<br /> Insects belong to hexapoda, which belong to arthropoda. While spiders or arachnids, belong to chelicerates and also belong to Arthropoda. Although Insects and Arachnids are both Arthropods, they are categorized within a different sub-phylum. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida or Annelids and unlike Arachnids or Insects, are lophotrochozoa. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Wiki3chart2(1.2).png|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> [[File:Wikichart3(1.23).png|500px|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Annelids and Arthropods can be distinctly recognized by a few characteristics that set them apart from each other. First, they are from different groups. The charts above show Annelids and Arthropods as apart from each other because Annelids are lophotrochozoa while Arthropods are Ecdysozoa. Second, Lophotrochozoa have a pore that is surrounded by cilia, this is used for feeding and can be referred to as a &quot;lophophore.&quot; While Ecdysozoa have an exoskeleton made of &quot;chitin,&quot; that they are able to shed for new growth. Animals with a lophophore are within a different phylum than Ecdysozoa. Lastly, Insects have three body segments, legs, and antennae. Also, most insects have wings. Annelids have no legs and no antennae. They posses many body segments and two sets of muscles that help them move, as a unique method of movement opposed to moving with legs. These major characteristics differentiate Annelids and Arthropods and evidences that, Earthworms are '''not''' insects. These characteristics illustrate there are more unique distinctions that make up differences in animals that the average person sees but is not aware of.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Arachnids and Insects are both classified as &quot;Arthropoda&quot; and have distinct characteristics that categorize them within different sub-phylum. One can categorize them through their morphology or form. Basic morphology from the University of Nebraska shows that Insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. A spider has an abdomen and a Cephalothorax. A cephalothorax is a combination of both a head and a thorax. These distinctions are noticeable when aware of the difference, to the ordinary person, this may not be known. Another noteworthy distinction that can be seen with the naked eye is that arachnids will have eight legs while insects have six legs. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:DiagramInsect.png|500px|thumb|left|-Nick Lohret]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> [1] Washington State University, Entomology Department. &quot;The What and Why of Entomology.&quot; http://entomology.wsu.edu/prospective-students/the-what-why-of-entomology/<br /> <br /> [2] Mason, Mathew. &quot;Entomology 101: Study of Insects.&quot; https://www.environmentalscience.org/entomology<br /> <br /> [3] Byrd, J. H. copyright 1998-2018. &quot;Forensic Entomology.&quot; http://www.forensic-entomology.com/definition/<br /> <br /> [4] Harper, Douglas. Copyright 2001-2018 &quot;Arthropoda (n.)&quot; https://www.etymonline.com/word/Arthropoda<br /> <br /> [5] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2018. March, 19. &quot;Celebrate National Pollinator Week this June 18-24, 2018&quot; https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/ <br /> <br /> [6] Regier, Jerome C., et al. Nature, vol. 463, no. 7284, 2010, p. 1079+. Science In Context &quot;Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences.&quot; http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A220411567/SCIC?u=sunybuff_main&amp;sid=SCIC&amp;xid=6050f26c.<br /> <br /> [7] Hernandez, Ortega Javier. 2014. December, 21. &quot;Making Sense of 'Lower' and 'Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, With Comments on the Strict Use of the Name Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848.&quot; https://www.academia.edu/9363838/Making_sense_of_lower_and_upper_stem-group_Euarthropoda_with_comments_on_the_strict_use_of_the_name_Arthropoda_von_Siebold_1848<br /> <br /> [8] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;Basic Insect Morphology.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/basic-insect-morphology<br /> <br /> [9] University at Nebraska. 2018 &quot;What is an Insect.&quot; https://entomology.unl.edu/scilit/what-insect<br /> <br /> [10] Stockl, Anna. 2016. April, 14. Ted ed. &quot;Why the Insect Brain is so incredible.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw3TNRnJ1I<br /> <br /> [11] Science Scope. 2014 April-May.&quot;Robots With Insect Brains.&quot; http://go.galegroup.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ps/i.do?u=sunybuff_main&amp;id=GALE%7CA503273072&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;sid=summon&amp;p=BIC&amp;xp=&amp;authCount=1<br /> ----<br /> Picture/Video References<br /> <br /> <br /> [1] Angel, Heather.(Photographer) Nuwer, Rachel.(Journalist). 2017. April, 24. &quot;Watching Their Dust: Photographing Players in Pollination.&quot; https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/science/pollination-power-photography.html<br /> <br /> [2] Bryant, Mattie. 2012. August, 26. &quot;Photo of the Day~08/26/2012&quot; https://mattiebryant.wordpress.com/category/insects/page/2/<br /> <br /> [3] Osborne, Juliet. 2014. September, 12. &quot;Juliet Osborne: Insects and the Environment.&quot; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0KazWsKCPI</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4316 2019-05-05T22:08:37Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Classification */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: [http://soil.geology.buffalo.edu/index.php/Insects ''Arthropoda'']<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4315 2019-05-05T22:07:23Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Importance In Soil */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4314 2019-05-05T22:06:43Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Behavior and Colonization */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4313 2019-05-05T22:06:18Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Importance In Soil */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'']) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4312 2019-05-05T22:05:51Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Importance In Soil */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths [(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'')] have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4311 2019-05-05T22:05:34Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Importance In Soil */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphomia_sociella ''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4310 2019-05-05T22:04:56Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Behavior and Colonization */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. On the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4309 2019-05-05T22:04:12Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Overview */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4308 2019-05-05T22:02:58Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Overview */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [Vespidae|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4307 2019-05-05T22:02:36Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Overview */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family [Vespidae]. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4305 2019-05-05T22:01:24Z

<p>Johnjond: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family Vespidae. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4304 2019-05-05T22:00:58Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Overview */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family Vespidae. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4303 2019-05-05T22:00:43Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Overview */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]]<br /> <br /> ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family Vespidae. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4302 2019-05-05T22:00:10Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Overview */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]] ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family Vespidae. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4301 2019-05-05T21:59:55Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Overview */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|left|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]] ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family Vespidae. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4300 2019-05-05T21:59:29Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Behavior and Colonization */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]] ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family Vespidae. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|left|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4299 2019-05-05T21:59:04Z

<p>Johnjond: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]] ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family Vespidae. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|right|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4298 2019-05-05T21:58:11Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Overview */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]] ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family Vespidae. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings.<br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|right|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4297 2019-05-05T21:57:52Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Classification */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. ''Dolichovespula maculate'' [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|200px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]] ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family Vespidae. Its common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes, but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|right|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil [[decomposition]] cycle. They also play a role in moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a nutrition for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (''Aphomia sociella'') have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4215 2019-05-04T05:27:52Z

<p>Johnjond: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|300px| Fig 1. Dolichovespula maculate [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|200px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]] ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family Vespidae. It common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|right|200px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil decomposition cycle. They also provide a role of moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a food source for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (Aphomia sociella) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=Dolichovespula&diff=4214 2019-05-04T05:27:02Z

<p>Johnjond: /* Importance In Soil */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Classification'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:hornet.jpeg|right|150px| Fig 1. Dolichovespula maculate [7]|<br /> thumb]]<br /> <br /> Kingdom: ''Animalia''<br /> <br /> Phylum: ''Arthropoda''<br /> <br /> Class: '' Insecta''<br /> <br /> Order: ''Hymenoptera''<br /> <br /> Family: ''Vespidae''<br /> <br /> Genus: ''Dolichovespula''<br /> <br /> Species: ''D. maculata''<br /> <br /> =='''Overview'''==<br /> [[File:map.png|right|150px| Fig 2. Distribution of ''Dolichovespula maculate'' across North America. [2]<br /> |thumb]] ''Dolichovespula maculate'' is a social wasp of the family Vespidae. It common names include the bald-faced hornet, white-faced hornet, bald hornet, black jacket, and bull wasp. This is actually a species of yellow jacket wasp and not a true hornet [1]. It is one of eight major members from the genus ''Dolichovespula'' in North America. It can be found in most of the lower 48 states and throughout Canada and Alaska. It is found mostly in forested areas or in vegetation in urban areas. Nests are generally located in trees and bushes but can occasionally be found under rock overhangs and on the sides of buildings. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==''' Behavior and Colonization '''==<br /> [[File:nest.jpeg|right|150px|Fig 3. ''Dolichovespula'' maculate nest with woman for scale. [8]|thumb]] These hornets are omnivorous and will feed on a wide variety of live prey and plant materials. Live meals will be returned to the nest where they are chewed up and fed to young hornets. [3] Workers will feed on nectar, tree sap and fruit pulp, their favorite being the flesh of apples. [6] They are generally considered useful by humans due to their predation of pests such as flies, spiders, caterpillars, etc. on the other hand, they will vigorously defend the nest from anything that comes to close. Workers can sting repeatedly and even have the ability to spray venom from their stinger to ward off vertebrate next intruders. [4] In the spring, fertilized queens that have overwintered in sheltered areas such as in hollow trees, rock piles, under logs, and in buildings, will become active and begin to build a nest. [1] Once a nest is formed, the queen will lay an initial brood of eggs which hatch and take over the role of growing the nest and feeding future generations. Colonies will average a count of 400 individuals but can range from 100 – 700. In the fall , October and early November, newly created and fertilized queens will find a spot to overwinter and the rest of the colony will die off.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =='''Importance In Soil'''==<br /> <br /> [[File:queen.jpg|right|200px| Fig 4. Dolichovespula maculate nest being made by a queen hornet. [9]|thumb]] The nest that the hornets form is made from cellulose from rotting and weathered wood and starch from the hornet’s saliva to from a water resistant papery substance. This action of scouring for degraded wood makes them part of the soil decomposition cycle. They also provide a role of moving energy up the food chain through feeding and providing energy for other life when all of the colony, besides the fertilized queen, die off in the fall. These nests also provide a food source for parasites that require the nest as a food source. Female Bee Moths (Aphomia sociella) have been known to lay eggs in hornet nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the wasps, sometimes destroying large sections as they tunnel throughout the nest looking for food. [5]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [1] Jacobs, Steve. “Baldfaced Hornet (Department of Entomology).” Department of Entomology (Penn State University), 2015, ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet.<br /> https://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/baldfaced-hornet<br /> <br /> [2] “Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution.” Dolichovespula Maculata, Distribution Image, www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640.<br /> https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4398&amp;res=640<br /> <br /> [3] Heinrich, B. J. J. o. C. P. B. 1984. Strategies of thermoregulation and foraging in two vespid wasps, Dolichovespula maculata andVespula vulgaris. 154:175-180.<br /> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00684142<br /> <br /> [4] Oswalt, Donald A, and Patricia A Zungoli. “Baldfaced Hornets.” Home &amp; Garden Information Center | Clemson University, South Carolina, hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/.<br /> https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/baldfaced-hornets/<br /> <br /> [5] Gambino, P. J. J. o. t. N. Y. E. S. 1995. Dolichovespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), hosts of Aphomia sociella (L.)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).165-169.<br /> https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010152?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<br /> <br /> [6] “Dolichovespula Maculata.” Bio 210 Vespula Maculata, bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm.<br /> http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio210/s2012/bollinge_seth/nutrition.htm<br /> <br /> [7] “Georgia Department of Agriculture.” Baldfaced Hornets - Ga Dept of Agriculture, agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx.<br /> http://agr.georgia.gov/baldfaced-hornets.aspx<br /> <br /> [8] Holland, Mary. “Bald-Faced Hornet Nests No Longer Inhabited (If You Live Where There Has Been a Hard Frost).” Naturally Curious with Mary Holland, 3 Nov. 2015, naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/.<br /> https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/11/03/bald-faced-hornet-nests-no-longer-inhabited-if-you-live-where-there-has-been-a-hard-frost/<br /> <br /> [9] “Bald-Faced Hornet, Queen - Dolichovespula Maculata - a Photo on Flickriver.” Flickriver, www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/.<br /> https://www.flickriver.com/photos/maximillian_millipede/3558361392/</div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=File:Queen.jpg&diff=4213 2019-05-04T05:26:44Z

<p>Johnjond: Johnjond uploaded a new version of File:Queen.jpg</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Johnjond https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php?title=File:Queen.jpg&diff=4212 2019-05-04T05:26:15Z

<p>Johnjond: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Johnjond