Soil Ecology Wiki - User contributions [en]

Flatworms

2023-05-09T01:39:08Z

Dallasbr:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; margin-left: 10px;
|+ !colspan="2" style="min-width:12em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)|'''Taxonomic Classification'''
|-
|colspan="2" |[[File:Flatworm.jpeg|400px|caption]]
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Kingdom:
|style="min-width:6em; |[[Animals|Animalia]]
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Subkingdom:
|style="min-width:6em; |Eumetazoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |ParaHoxozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Bilateria
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Nephrozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Unranked:
|style="min-width:6em; |Protostomia
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Unranked:
|style="min-width:6em; |Spiralia
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Rouphozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Phylum:
|style="min-width:6em; |[[Platyhelminthes]]
|-
|colspan="2" |Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
|}

Flatworms are the simplest of the worm groups. There are roughly 20,000 species. Flatworms are found globally and can be free-living or parasitic. One of the best-known flatworms is the tapeworm.

[[File:Taenia-solium.jpg|400px|left|thumb| https://healthjade.net/cysticercosis/]]

=Habitat=
Flatworms can be found in a wide range of habitats, including freshwater, marine environments, and damp [[soil]]. Some species are also parasitic and can live inside the bodies of other [[animals]].

=Diet=
Flatworms have a diverse diet that varies depending on the species. Many flatworms are carnivorous and feed on small animals (example: crustaceans, corals, and other [[invertebrates]]) while some are scavengers and feed on dead or decaying [[Organic Matter|organic matter]]. There are also parasitic flatworms that feed on the tissues and fluids of their host [[organisms]].

=Reproduction=
Flatworms species are hermaphroditic, meaning that they have both male and female reproductive organs. Some species can also reproduce asexually by splitting themselves into two or more pieces that can then regenerate into complete individuals.

=Anthropogenic Benefits=
Some flatworms are important predators, helping to control populations of small animals and maintaining the balance of their ecosystems. Additionally, flatworms can help to break down dead [[Organic Matter|organic matter]], which contributes to [[Nutrient Cycling|nutrient cycling]] in ecosystems. Some species of flatworms also have medical applications, as they produce compounds that have potential for use in medecine.

=Anthropogenic Drawbacks=
Flatworms can be harmful to humans and animals as parasites, causing diseases or negatively affecting their hosts' health.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:4px"
! Attribute !! [[Cnidarian]]s and [[Ctenophore]]s !! [[Platyhelminthes]] (flatworms) || More "advanced" [[bilateria]]ns }}
|- align="center"
! Bilateral symmetry
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Number of main cell layers
| [[Diploblasty|Two]], with jelly-like layer between them ([[mesoglea]]) || colspan="2" | [[Triploblasty|Three]]
|- align="center"
! Distinct [[brain]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[digestive system]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[excretory system]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Body cavity containing internal organs
| colspan="2" | No || Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[circulatory system|circulatory]] and [[respiratory system|respiratory]] [[organ (anatomy)|organ]]s
| colspan="2" | No || Yes
|}
{{clear}}

== References==
[1] Littlewood. 2006. The evolution of parasitism in flatworms. | Parasitic flatworms: molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology and physiology. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1079/9780851990279.0001.

[2] Ramm. 2016. Exploring the sexual [[diversity]] of flatworms: [[Ecology]], evolution, and the molecular biology of reproduction - Ramm - 2017 - Molecular Reproduction and Development - Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mrd.22669.

[3] Vreys, C., and N. K. Michiels. 1997. Flatworms flatten to size up each other. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 264:1559–1564.

Flatworms

2023-05-09T01:37:59Z

Dallasbr:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; margin-left: 10px;
|+ !colspan="2" style="min-width:12em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)|'''Taxonomic Classification'''
|-
|colspan="2" |[[File:Flatworm.jpeg|400px|caption]]
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Kingdom:
|style="min-width:6em; |[[Animals|Animalia]]
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Subkingdom:
|style="min-width:6em; |Eumetazoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |ParaHoxozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Bilateria
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Nephrozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Unranked:
|style="min-width:6em; |Protostomia
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Unranked:
|style="min-width:6em; |Spiralia
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Rouphozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Phylum:
|style="min-width:6em; |[[Platyhelminthes]]
|-
|colspan="2" |Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
|}

Flatworms are the simplest of the worm groups. There are roughly 20,000 species. Flatworms are found globally and can be free-living or parasitic. One of the best-known flatworms is the tapeworm.

[[File:Taenia-solium.jpg|400px|left|thumb| https://healthjade.net/cysticercosis/]]

=Habitat=
Flatworms can be found in a wide range of habitats, including freshwater, marine environments, and damp [[soil]]. Some species are also parasitic and can live inside the bodies of other [[animals]].

=Diet=
Flatworms have a diverse diet that varies depending on the species. Many flatworms are carnivorous and feed on small animals (example: crustaceans, corals, and other [[invertebrates]]) while some are scavengers and feed on dead or decaying [[Organic Matter|organic matter]]. There are also parasitic flatworms that feed on the tissues and fluids of their host [[organisms]].

=Reproduction=
Flatworms species are hermaphroditic, meaning that they have both male and female reproductive organs. Some species can also reproduce asexually by splitting themselves into two or more pieces that can then regenerate into complete individuals.

=Anthropogenic Benefits=
Some flatworms are important predators, helping to control populations of small animals and maintaining the balance of their ecosystems. Additionally, flatworms can help to break down dead organic matter, which contributes to [[Nutrient Cycling|nutrient cycling]] in ecosystems. Some species of flatworms also have medical applications, as they produce compounds that have potential for use in medecine.

=Anthropogenic Drawbacks=
Flatworms can be harmful to humans and animals as parasites, causing diseases or negatively affecting their hosts' health.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:4px"
! Attribute !! [[Cnidarian]]s and [[Ctenophore]]s !! [[Platyhelminthes]] (flatworms) || More "advanced" [[bilateria]]ns }}
|- align="center"
! Bilateral symmetry
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Number of main cell layers
| [[Diploblasty|Two]], with jelly-like layer between them ([[mesoglea]]) || colspan="2" | [[Triploblasty|Three]]
|- align="center"
! Distinct [[brain]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[digestive system]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[excretory system]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Body cavity containing internal organs
| colspan="2" | No || Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[circulatory system|circulatory]] and [[respiratory system|respiratory]] [[organ (anatomy)|organ]]s
| colspan="2" | No || Yes
|}
{{clear}}

== References==
[1] Littlewood. 2006. The evolution of parasitism in flatworms. | Parasitic flatworms: molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology and physiology. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1079/9780851990279.0001.

[2] Ramm. 2016. Exploring the sexual [[diversity]] of flatworms: [[Ecology]], evolution, and the molecular biology of reproduction - Ramm - 2017 - Molecular Reproduction and Development - Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mrd.22669.

[3] Vreys, C., and N. K. Michiels. 1997. Flatworms flatten to size up each other. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 264:1559–1564.

Agriculture

2023-05-09T01:35:31Z

Dallasbr:

Agriculture is the practice of farming, including cultivating crops, raising [[animals]], and producing food, fiber, and other products to sustain human life. Agriculture is a fundamental part of human civilization and has evolved over thousands of years to meet the needs of growing populations, different ecosystems, and different cultures. Modern agriculture has become more advanced with the use of technology and machinery. The creation of genetically modified and hybrid crops has increased yields and efficiency.

== History ==

Before agriculture, humans were hunter-gatherers who traveled nomadically. Roughly 10,000 years ago, humans learned how to domesticate animals and cultivate plants in a single area. This allowed humans to have a more stable and consistent food supply, increasing survival rate and population size.

The first known agricultural settlement is in what is known as Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. This area was nutrient-rich and fertile [[soil]], called the Fertile Crescent. In the 1700s and 1800s, there were massive developments in technology in agriculture which could increase productivity and efficiency. Some of these technologies included plows. New practices were also adopted that improved the quality of the crop, such as crop rotation and hybridization of plants. Later, they did the same with livestock by breeding them to grow bigger and faster.

== Types of Agriculture ==

'''[[Subsistence Agriculture]]'''

'''[[Commercial Agriculture]]'''

'''[[Organic Agriculture]]'''

'''[[Precision Agriculture]]'''

'''[[Sustainable Agriculture]]'''

'''[[Aquaculture]]'''

'''[[Agroforestry]]'''

'''[[Permaculture]]'''

'''[[Hydroponics]]'''

'''[[Vertical Farming]]'''

'''[[Urban Agriculture]]'''

== Environmental Impacts ==

[[File:27225.jpg|thumb|right|Application of pesticides on crops.Source :National Geographic https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/agriculture/]]

'''Pesticides'''

Pesticides are intended to kill [[insects]] of certain crops, but there is a domino effect when a pesticide application is used. Nontarget species can be affected, such as pollinators. Human health can be impacted. This can also make past resistance more catastrophic when the pause of the side doesn't work.

'''Water Quality'''

One element produced in agriculture is phosphorus, and when it enters water streams, it inhibits algal growth. Algae can sometimes be beneficial, but it's requestors a lot of oxygen and can create dead zones and produce harmful algae such as cyanobacteria.

== Crop Modification ==

'''Plant Breeding'''

Selective breeding of plants is when you take animals with specific traits and breed them to increase and improve those traits. For example, plants can be produced to be resistant to pests and diseases, easier to cultivate, immune to certain temperatures, etc.

'''Livestock Breeding'''

Selective breeding of livestock is when you take animals with specific traits and breed them to increase and improve those traits. For example, animals can be produced to be larger, meatier, disease resistant, etc.

== References ==

Agriculture. 2023, March 31. Wikipedia.

Gjedrem, T., N. Robinson, and M. Rye. 2012. The importance of selective breeding in aquaculture to meet future demands for animal protein: A review. Aquaculture 350–353:117–129.

Tudi, M., H. Daniel Ruan, L. Wang, J. Lyu, R. Sadler, D. Connell, C. Chu, and D. T. Phung. 2021. Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:1112.

Flatworms

2023-04-22T23:36:18Z

Dallasbr:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; margin-left: 10px;
|+ !colspan="2" style="min-width:12em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)|'''Taxonomic Classification'''
|-
|colspan="2" |[[File:Flatworm.jpeg|400px|caption]]
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Kingdom:
|style="min-width:6em; |[[Animals|Animalia]]
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Subkingdom:
|style="min-width:6em; |Eumetazoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |ParaHoxozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Bilateria
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Nephrozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Unranked:
|style="min-width:6em; |Protostomia
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Unranked:
|style="min-width:6em; |Spiralia
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Rouphozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Phylum:
|style="min-width:6em; |[[Platyhelminthes]]
|-
|colspan="2" |Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
|}

Flatworms are the simplest of the worm groups. There are roughly 20,000 species. Flatworms are found globally and can be free-living or parasitic. One of the best-known flatworms is the tapeworm.

[[File:Taenia-solium.jpg|400px|left|thumb| https://healthjade.net/cysticercosis/]]

=Habitat=
Flatworms can be found in a wide range of habitats, including freshwater, marine environments, and damp [[soil]]. Some species are also parasitic and can live inside the bodies of other [[animals]].

=Diet=
Flatworms have a diverse diet that varies depending on the species. Many flatworms are carnivorous and feed on small animals (example: crustaceans, corals, and other [[invertebrates]]) while some are scavengers and feed on dead or decaying organic matter. There are also parasitic flatworms that feed on the tissues and fluids of their host [[organisms]].

=Reproduction=
Flatworms species are hermaphroditic, meaning that they have both male and female reproductive organs. Some species can also reproduce asexually by splitting themselves into two or more pieces that can then regenerate into complete individuals.

=Anthropogenic Benefits=
Some flatworms are important predators, helping to control populations of small animals and maintaining the balance of their ecosystems. Additionally, flatworms can help to break down dead organic matter, which contributes to nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Some species of flatworms also have medical applications, as they produce compounds that have potential for use in medecine.

=Anthropogenic Drawbacks=
Flatworms can be harmful to humans and animals as parasites, causing diseases or negatively affecting their hosts' health.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:4px"
! Attribute !! [[Cnidarian]]s and [[Ctenophore]]s !! [[Platyhelminthes]] (flatworms) || More "advanced" [[bilateria]]ns }}
|- align="center"
! Bilateral symmetry
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Number of main cell layers
| [[Diploblasty|Two]], with jelly-like layer between them ([[mesoglea]]) || colspan="2" | [[Triploblasty|Three]]
|- align="center"
! Distinct [[brain]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[digestive system]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[excretory system]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Body cavity containing internal organs
| colspan="2" | No || Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[circulatory system|circulatory]] and [[respiratory system|respiratory]] [[organ (anatomy)|organ]]s
| colspan="2" | No || Yes
|}
{{clear}}

== References==
[1] Littlewood. 2006. The evolution of parasitism in flatworms. | Parasitic flatworms: molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology and physiology. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1079/9780851990279.0001.

[2] Ramm. 2016. Exploring the sexual [[diversity]] of flatworms: [[Ecology]], evolution, and the molecular biology of reproduction - Ramm - 2017 - Molecular Reproduction and Development - Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mrd.22669.

[3] Vreys, C., and N. K. Michiels. 1997. Flatworms flatten to size up each other. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 264:1559–1564.

Flatworms

2023-04-22T23:32:42Z

Dallasbr:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; margin-left: 10px;
|+ !colspan="2" style="min-width:12em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)|'''Taxonomic Classification'''
|-
|colspan="2" |[[File:Flatworm.jpeg|400px|caption]]
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Kingdom:
|style="min-width:6em; |[[Animals|Animalia]]
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Subkingdom:
|style="min-width:6em; |Eumetazoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |ParaHoxozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Bilateria
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Nephrozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Unranked:
|style="min-width:6em; |Protostomia
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Unranked:
|style="min-width:6em; |Spiralia
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Rouphozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Phylum:
|style="min-width:6em; |[[Platyhelminthes]]
|-
|colspan="2" |Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
|}

Flatworms are the simplest of the worm groups. There are roughly 20,000 species. Flatworms are found globally and can be free-living or parasitic. One of the best-known flatworms is the tapeworm.

[[File:Taenia-solium.jpg|400px|left|thumb| https://healthjade.net/cysticercosis/]]

=Habitat=
Flatworms can be found in a wide range of habitats, including freshwater, marine environments, and damp [[soil]]. Some species are also parasitic and can live inside the bodies of other [[animals]].

=Diet=
Flatworms have a diverse diet that varies depending on the species. Many flatworms are carnivorous and feed on small animals (example: crustaceans, corals, and other [[invertebrates]]) while some are scavengers and feed on dead or decaying organic matter. There are also parasitic flatworms that feed on the tissues and fluids of their host [[organisms]].

=Reproduction=
Flatworms species are hermaphroditic, meaning that they have both male and female reproductive organs. Some species can also reproduce asexually by splitting themselves into two or more pieces that can then regenerate into complete individuals.

=Anthropogenic Benefits=
Some flatworms are important predators, helping to control populations of small animals and maintaining the balance of their ecosystems. Additionally, flatworms can help to break down dead organic matter, which contributes to nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Some species of flatworms also have medical applications, as they produce compounds that have potential for use in medecine.

=Anthropogenic Drawbacks=
Flatworms can be harmful to humans and animals as parasites, causing diseases or negatively affecting their hosts' health.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:4px"
! Attribute !! [[Cnidarian]]s and [[Ctenophore]]s !! [[Platyhelminthes]] (flatworms) || More "advanced" [[bilateria]]ns }}
|- align="center"
! Bilateral symmetry
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Number of main cell layers
| [[Diploblasty|Two]], with jelly-like layer between them ([[mesoglea]]) || colspan="2" | [[Triploblasty|Three]]
|- align="center"
! Distinct [[brain]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[digestive system]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[excretory system]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Body cavity containing internal organs
| colspan="2" | No || Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[circulatory system|circulatory]] and [[respiratory system|respiratory]] [[organ (anatomy)|organ]]s
| colspan="2" | No || Yes
|}
{{clear}}

Flatworms

2023-04-22T23:17:41Z

Dallasbr:

File:Taenia-solium.jpg

2023-04-22T23:16:07Z

Dallasbr:

File:Tape worm.webp

2023-04-22T23:12:59Z

Dallasbr:

Flatworms

2023-04-22T23:10:02Z

Dallasbr:

Flatworms

2023-04-22T23:04:34Z

Dallasbr:

Flatworms

2023-04-22T22:56:50Z

Dallasbr:

Flatworms

2023-04-22T22:49:31Z

Dallasbr:

Flatworms

2023-04-22T22:37:21Z

Dallasbr:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; margin-left: 10px;
|+ !colspan="2" style="min-width:12em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)|'''Taxonomic Classification'''
|-
|colspan="2" |[[File:Flatworm.jpeg|400px|caption]]
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Kingdom:
|style="min-width:6em; |[[Animals|Animalia]]
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Subkingdom:
|style="min-width:6em; |Eumetazoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |ParaHoxozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Bilateria
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Nephrozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Unranked:
|style="min-width:6em; |Protostomia
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Unranked:
|style="min-width:6em; |Spiralia
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Clade:
|style="min-width:6em; |Rouphozoa
|-
!style="min-width:6em; |Phylum:
|style="min-width:6em; |[[Platyhelminthes]]
|-
|colspan="2" |Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System
|}

<ref name="Rhode2001PlatyhelminthesInEncLifeSci" />
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:4px"
! Attribute !! [[Cnidarian]]s and [[Ctenophore]]s<ref name="Hinde2001CnidariaAndCtenophoraInAnderson" /> !! [[Platyhelminthes]] (flatworms)<ref name="WalkerAnderson2001PlatyhelminthesInAnderson" /><ref name="RuppertBarnes2004Platyhelminthes"/> || More "advanced" [[bilateria]]ns<ref name="RuppertBarnes2004Bilateria">{{cite book | author1=Ruppert, E.E. | author2=Fox, R.S. | author3=Barnes, R.D. | name-list-style=amp | title=Invertebrate Zoology | publisher=Brooks / Cole | edition=7 | isbn=978-0-03-025982-1 | year=2004 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/196 196–224] | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/196 }}</ref>
|- align="center"
! Bilateral symmetry
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Number of main cell layers
| [[Diploblasty|Two]], with jelly-like layer between them ([[mesoglea]]) || colspan="2" | [[Triploblasty|Three]]
|- align="center"
! Distinct [[brain]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[digestive system]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[excretory system]]
| No || colspan="2" | Yes
|- align="center"
! Body cavity containing internal organs
| colspan="2" | No || Yes
|- align="center"
! Specialized [[circulatory system|circulatory]] and [[respiratory system|respiratory]] [[organ (anatomy)|organ]]s
| colspan="2" | No || Yes
|}
{{clear}}

Flatworms

2023-04-22T22:36:58Z

Dallasbr:

Flatworms

2023-04-22T22:33:39Z

Dallasbr:

Flatworms

2023-04-22T22:29:49Z

Dallasbr: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; margin-left: 10px; |+ !colspan="2" style="min-width:12em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)|''..."

File:Flatworm.jpeg

2023-04-22T22:23:20Z

Dallasbr:

Harvester Ant

2023-04-22T16:11:59Z

Dallasbr:

Harvester Ant

2023-04-22T16:00:38Z

Dallasbr:

Harvester Ant

2023-04-22T15:57:56Z

Dallasbr:

Harvester Ant

2023-04-22T15:46:52Z

Dallasbr:

File:Harvester.jpeg

2023-04-22T15:45:41Z

Dallasbr:

Agriculture

2023-04-04T00:29:00Z

Dallasbr: /* References */

Agriculture is the practice of farming, including cultivating crops, raising [[animals]], and producing food, fiber, and other products to sustain human life. Agriculture is a fundamental part of human civilization and has evolved over thousands of years to meet the needs of growing populations, different ecosystems, and different cultures. Modern agriculture has become more advanced with the use of technology and machinery. The creation of genetically modified and hybrid crops has increased yields and efficiency.

== History ==

Before agriculture, humans were hunter-gatherers who traveled nomadically. Roughly 10,000 years ago, humans learned how to domesticate animals and cultivate plants in a single area. They found they could have a more stable and consistent food supply, increasing survival rate and population size.

The first known agricultural settlement is in what is known as Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. This area was nutrient-rich and fertile [[soil]], called the Fertile Crescent. In the 1700s and 1800s, there were massive developments in technology in agriculture which could increase productivity and efficiency. Some of these technologies included plows. New practices were also adopted that improved the quality of the crop, such as crop rotation and hybridization of plants. Later, they did the same with livestock by breeding them to grow bigger and faster.

== Types of Agriculture ==

'''Subsistence Agriculture'''

'''Commercial Agriculture'''

'''Organic Agriculture'''

'''Precision Agriculture'''

'''Sustainable Agriculture'''

'''Aquaculture'''

'''Agroforestry'''

'''Permaculture'''

'''Hydroponics'''

'''Vertical Farming'''

'''Urban Agriculture'''

== Environmental Impacts ==

[[File:27225.jpg|thumb|right|Application of pesticides on crops.Source :National Geographic https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/agriculture/]]

'''Pesticides'''

Pesticides are intended to kill [[insects]] of certain crops, but there is a domino effect when a pesticide application is used. Nontarget species can be affected, such as pollinators. Human health can be impacted. This can also make past resistance more catastrophic when the pause of the side doesn't work.

'''Water Quality'''

One element produced in agriculture is phosphorus, and when it enters water streams, it inhibits algal growth. Algae can sometimes be beneficial, but it's requestors a lot of oxygen and can create dead zones and produce harmful algae such as cyanobacteria.

== Crop Modification ==

'''Plant Breeding'''

Selective breeding of plants is when you take animals with specific traits and breed them to increase and improve those traits. For example, plants can be produced to be resistant to pests and diseases, easier to cultivate, immune to certain temperatures, etc.

'''Livestock Breeding'''

Selective breeding of livestock is when you take animals with specific traits and breed them to increase and improve those traits. For example, animals can be produced to be larger, meatier, disease resistant, etc.

== References ==

Agriculture. 2023, March 31. Wikipedia.

Gjedrem, T., N. Robinson, and M. Rye. 2012. The importance of selective breeding in aquaculture to meet future demands for animal protein: A review. Aquaculture 350–353:117–129.

Tudi, M., H. Daniel Ruan, L. Wang, J. Lyu, R. Sadler, D. Connell, C. Chu, and D. T. Phung. 2021. Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:1112.

Agriculture

2023-04-04T00:28:41Z

Dallasbr:

Agriculture is the practice of farming, including cultivating crops, raising [[animals]], and producing food, fiber, and other products to sustain human life. Agriculture is a fundamental part of human civilization and has evolved over thousands of years to meet the needs of growing populations, different ecosystems, and different cultures. Modern agriculture has become more advanced with the use of technology and machinery. The creation of genetically modified and hybrid crops has increased yields and efficiency.

== History ==

Before agriculture, humans were hunter-gatherers who traveled nomadically. Roughly 10,000 years ago, humans learned how to domesticate animals and cultivate plants in a single area. They found they could have a more stable and consistent food supply, increasing survival rate and population size.

The first known agricultural settlement is in what is known as Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. This area was nutrient-rich and fertile [[soil]], called the Fertile Crescent. In the 1700s and 1800s, there were massive developments in technology in agriculture which could increase productivity and efficiency. Some of these technologies included plows. New practices were also adopted that improved the quality of the crop, such as crop rotation and hybridization of plants. Later, they did the same with livestock by breeding them to grow bigger and faster.

== Types of Agriculture ==

'''Subsistence Agriculture'''

'''Commercial Agriculture'''

'''Organic Agriculture'''

'''Precision Agriculture'''

'''Sustainable Agriculture'''

'''Aquaculture'''

'''Agroforestry'''

'''Permaculture'''

'''Hydroponics'''

'''Vertical Farming'''

'''Urban Agriculture'''

== Environmental Impacts ==

[[File:27225.jpg|thumb|right|Application of pesticides on crops.Source :National Geographic https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/agriculture/]]

'''Pesticides'''

Pesticides are intended to kill [[insects]] of certain crops, but there is a domino effect when a pesticide application is used. Nontarget species can be affected, such as pollinators. Human health can be impacted. This can also make past resistance more catastrophic when the pause of the side doesn't work.

'''Water Quality'''

One element produced in agriculture is phosphorus, and when it enters water streams, it inhibits algal growth. Algae can sometimes be beneficial, but it's requestors a lot of oxygen and can create dead zones and produce harmful algae such as cyanobacteria.

== Crop Modification ==

'''Plant Breeding'''

Selective breeding of plants is when you take animals with specific traits and breed them to increase and improve those traits. For example, plants can be produced to be resistant to pests and diseases, easier to cultivate, immune to certain temperatures, etc.

'''Livestock Breeding'''

Selective breeding of livestock is when you take animals with specific traits and breed them to increase and improve those traits. For example, animals can be produced to be larger, meatier, disease resistant, etc.

== References ==

Agriculture. 2023, March 31.

Gjedrem, T., N. Robinson, and M. Rye. 2012. The importance of selective breeding in aquaculture to meet future demands for animal protein: A review. Aquaculture 350–353:117–129.

Tudi, M., H. Daniel Ruan, L. Wang, J. Lyu, R. Sadler, D. Connell, C. Chu, and D. T. Phung. 2021. Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:1112.

Agriculture

2023-04-04T00:25:19Z

Dallasbr: /* Environmental Impacts */

Agriculture is the practice of farming, including cultivating crops, raising [[animals]], and producing food, fiber, and other products to sustain human life. Agriculture is a fundamental part of human civilization and has evolved over thousands of years to meet the needs of growing populations, different ecosystems, and different cultures. Modern agriculture has become more advanced with the use of technology and machinery. The creation of genetically modified and hybrid crops has increased yields and efficiency.

== History ==

Before agriculture, humans were hunter-gatherers who traveled nomadically. Roughly 10,000 years ago, humans learned how to domesticate animals and cultivate plants in a single area. They found they could have a more stable and consistent food supply, increasing survival rate and population size.

The first known agricultural settlement is in what is known as Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. This area was nutrient-rich and fertile [[soil]], called the Fertile Crescent. In the 1700s and 1800s, there were massive developments in technology in agriculture which could increase productivity and efficiency. Some of these technologies included plows. New practices were also adopted that improved the quality of the crop, such as crop rotation and hybridization of plants. Later, they did the same with livestock by breeding them to grow bigger and faster.

== Types of Agriculture ==

'''Subsistence Agriculture'''

'''Commercial Agriculture'''

'''Organic Agriculture'''

'''Precision Agriculture'''

'''Sustainable Agriculture'''

'''Aquaculture'''

'''Agroforestry'''

'''Permaculture'''

'''Hydroponics'''

'''Vertical Farming'''

'''Urban Agriculture'''

== Environmental Impacts ==

[[File:27225.jpg|thumb|right|Application of pesticides on crops.Source :National Geographic https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/agriculture/]]

'''Pesticides'''

Pesticides are intended to kill [[insects]] of certain crops, but there is a domino effect when a pesticide application is used. Nontarget species can be affected, such as pollinators. Human health can be impacted. This can also make past resistance more catastrophic when the pause of the side doesn't work.

'''Water Quality'''

One element produced in agriculture is phosphorus, and when it enters water streams, it inhibits algal growth. Algae can sometimes be beneficial, but it's requestors a lot of oxygen and can create dead zones and produce harmful algae such as cyanobacteria.

== Crop Modification ==

'''Plant Breeding'''

Selective breeding of plants is when you take animals with specific traits and breed them to increase and improve those traits. For example, plants can be produced to be resistant to pests and diseases, easier to cultivate, immune to certain temperatures, etc.

'''Livestock Breeding'''

Selective breeding of livestock is when you take animals with specific traits and breed them to increase and improve those traits. For example, animals can be produced to be larger, meatier, disease resistant, etc.

Agriculture

2023-04-04T00:21:24Z

Dallasbr: /* Crop Modification */

Agriculture

2023-04-03T22:59:35Z

Dallasbr: /* Environmental Impacts */

File:27225.jpg

2023-04-03T22:56:47Z

Dallasbr:

Agriculture

2023-04-03T22:53:25Z

Dallasbr: /* History */

Agriculture

2023-04-03T22:52:53Z

Dallasbr: /* Crop Modification */

Agriculture

2023-04-03T22:52:42Z

Dallasbr:

Agriculture

2023-04-03T22:44:59Z

Dallasbr: /* History */

Agriculture

2023-04-03T22:35:20Z

Dallasbr: /* Types of Agriculture */

Agriculture

2023-04-03T22:26:52Z

Dallasbr: Created page with "Agriculture is the practice of farming, including cultivating crops, raising animals, and producing food, fiber, and other products to sustain human life. Agriculture is a fun..."

Oribatida

2023-03-10T19:45:51Z